猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起猪生殖道感染的研究进展
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摘要
为寻找可能的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)新受体,PRRSV诱导细胞凋亡的新机制提供新的思路,同时为PRRSV的防治提供进一步的理论指导,结合国内外研究报道,讨论了PRRSV引起猪生殖道感染的原因,PRRSV在猪生殖组织中的靶细胞及其诱导的细胞凋亡,病毒在生殖组织中引起的病变。指出,猪体生殖道感染由病毒血症引起,PRRSV可感染公猪睾丸组织非成熟的精细胞和间质巨噬细胞,可感染母猪卵巢和子宫的巨噬细胞但不可感染卵细胞,诱导公猪睾丸和母猪卵巢生发上皮细胞和生殖细胞、子宫内膜细胞的凋亡,可引起公猪精液间断性带毒和质量下降以及母猪卵巢囊肿。在妊娠晚期的感染母猪中,子宫和胎盘易感引起胎儿的感染,在感染过程中病毒诱导母胎界面细胞凋亡增加,加速胎盘从子宫中剥离,同时引起子宫内膜炎和血管炎。PRRSV在生殖组织诱导的细胞凋亡多发生于未感染的细胞。
Based on domestic and foreign literature reports,this study had explored the cause of porcine reproductive tract infection(RTI) induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),the target cells of PRRSV in porcine reproductive tissues and the apoptosis that it caused,as well as the virus-resulted lesion in the reproductive tissues,so as to search for the potential new receptor for PRRSV,provide a new thinking for the new mechanism of PRRSV inducing apoptosis,and provide further theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of PRRSV.Our study suggested that,the porcine RTI was caused by viremia,PRRSV could infect the immature sperm cells and interstitial macrophages in boar testis,as well as the ovarian and uterine macrophages in sow,but it would not infect the ova.In addition,PRRSV would induce the apoptosis of epithelial cells,germ cells and endometrial cells in boar testis and sow ovary;besides,it could also induce intermittent poisoned semen in boar and quality decline,as well as ovarian cyst in sow.In the infected sow at late pregnancy,the fetus was susceptible to the infection by uterus and placenta;meanwhile,the virus would induce increased apoptosis of cells on the maternal-fetal interface during the infection process,which would accelerate placental abruption from the placenta,in the meantime of inducing endometritis and vasculitis.The PRRSV-induced apoptosis in reproductive tissues was mainly observed in the unaffected cells.
Based on domestic and foreign literature reports,this study had explored the cause of porcine reproductive tract infection(RTI) induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),the target cells of PRRSV in porcine reproductive tissues and the apoptosis that it caused,as well as the virus-resulted lesion in the reproductive tissues,so as to search for the potential new receptor for PRRSV,provide a new thinking for the new mechanism of PRRSV inducing apoptosis,and provide further theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of PRRSV.Our study suggested that,the porcine RTI was caused by viremia,PRRSV could infect the immature sperm cells and interstitial macrophages in boar testis,as well as the ovarian and uterine macrophages in sow,but it would not infect the ova.In addition,PRRSV would induce the apoptosis of epithelial cells,germ cells and endometrial cells in boar testis and sow ovary;besides,it could also induce intermittent poisoned semen in boar and quality decline,as well as ovarian cyst in sow.In the infected sow at late pregnancy,the fetus was susceptible to the infection by uterus and placenta;meanwhile,the virus would induce increased apoptosis of cells on the maternal-fetal interface during the infection process,which would accelerate placental abruption from the placenta,in the meantime of inducing endometritis and vasculitis.The PRRSV-induced apoptosis in reproductive tissues was mainly observed in the unaffected cells.
引文
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[2]WENSVOORT G,TERPSTRA C,POL J M,et al.Mystery swine disease in The Netherlands:the isolation of Lelystad virus[J].Veterinary Quarterly,1991,13(3):121-130.
[3]COLLINS J E,BENFIELD D A,WT C.Isolation of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome virus(isolate ATCC VR-2332)in North America and experimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pigs[J].Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1992,4(2):117-126.
[4]ALLENDE R,LEWIS T L,LU Z,et al.North American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses differ in non-structural protein coding regions[J].Journal of General Virology,1999,80(2):307-315.
[5]汪铭书,程安春,刘芳,等.仔猪人工感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒后宿主细胞凋亡动态变化规律的研究[J].病毒学报,2006,22(5):385-390.WANG Ming-shu,CHENG An-chun,LIU Fang,et al.Study on the dynamic changes of host cell apoptosis after piglets infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus[J].Chinese Journal of Virology,2006,22(5):385-390.(in Chinese)
[6]LUNNEY J K,FANG Y,LADING A,et al.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV):Pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system[J].Annual Review of Animal Biosciences,2016,4(1):129-154.
[7]张奕强,刘文倩,刘永生,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒侵入介体的研究进展[J].中国兽医科学,2011,41(3):325-330.ZHANG Yi-qiang,LIU Wen-qian,LIU Yong-sheng,et al.Progress in entry mediators of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2011,41(3):325-330.(in Chinese)
[8]SWENSON S L,HILL H T,ZIMMERMAN J J,et al.Excretion of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in semen after experimentally induced infection in boars[J].Journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association,1994,204(12):1943-1948.
[9]PRIETO C,SUAREZ P,BAUTISTA J M,et al.Semen changes in boars after experimental infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS)virus[J].Theriogenology,1996,45(2):383-395.
[10]SHIN J,TORRISON J,CHOI C S,et al.Monitoring of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in boars[J].Veterinary Microbiology,1997,55(1-4):337-346.
[11]CHRISTOPHER-HENNINGS J,NELSON E A,HINES R J,et al.Persistence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in serum and semen of adult boars[J].Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1995,7(4):456-464.
[12]CHRISTOPHER-HENNINGS J,HOLLER L D,BENFIELD D A,et al.Detection and duration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in semen,serum,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and tissues from Yorkshire,Hampshire,and Landrace boars[J].Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2001,13(2):133-142.
[13]PRIETO C,GARCIA C,SIMARRO I,et al.Temporal localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in reproductive tissues of experimentally infected boars[J].Theriogenology,2003,60(8):1505-1514.
[14]OlEKSIEWICZ M B,BOTNER A,NORMANN P.Semen from boars infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)contains antibodies against structural as well as nonstructural viral proteins[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2001,81(2):109-125.
[15]SUR J H,DOSTER A R,CHRISTIAN J S,et al.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replicates in testicular germ cells,alters spermatogenesis,and induces germ cell death by apoptosis[J].Journal of Virology,1997,71(12):9170-9179.
[16]CHRISTOPHER-HENNINGS J,NELSON E A,NELSON J K,et al.Identification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in semen and tissues from vasectomized and nonvasectomized boars[J].Veterinary Pathology,1998,35(4):260-267.
[17]GUARINO H,GOYAL S M,MURTAUGH M P.Comparison of four RNA extraction methods for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by RT-PCR[J].New Microbiology,1997,20(4):319-324.
[18]BASKERVILLE A,COOK R W,DENNIS M J,et al.Pathological changes in the reproductive tract of male rhesus monkeys associated with age and simian AIDS[J].Journal of Comparative Pathology,1992,107(1):49-57.
[19]ANDERSON R M,CROMBIE J A,GRENFELL B T.The epidemiology of mumps in the UK:a preliminary study of virus transmission,herd immunity and the potential impact of immunization[J].Epidemiology and Infection,1987,99(1):65-84.
[20]ROSSOW K D,COLLINS J E,GOYAL S M,et al.Pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in gnotobiotic pigs[J].Veterinary Pathology,1995,32(4):361-373.
[21]DUAN X,NAUWYNCK H J,PENSAERT M B.Virus quantification and identification of cellular targets in the lungs and lymphoid tissues of pigs at different time intervals after inoculation with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PR-RSV)[J].Veterinary Microbiology,1997,56(1-2):9-19.
[22]MOLITOR T W,BAUTISTA E M,CHOI C S.Immunity to PRRSV:double-edged sword[J].Veterinary Microbiology,1997,55(1-4):265-276.
[23]ROSSOW K D,BENFIELD D A,GOYAL S M,et al.Chronological immunohistochemical detection and localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in gnotobiotic pigs[J].Veterinary Pathology,1996,33(5):551-556.
[24]WILLS R W,ZIMMERMAN J J,YOON K J,et al.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus:a persistent infection[J].Veterinary Microbiology,1997,55(1-4):231-240.
[25]MELTZER M S,SKILLMAN D R,GOMATOS P J,et al.Role of mononuclear phagocytes in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection[J].Annual Review of Immunology,1990,8(1):169-194.
[26]ANDERSON D J,POLITCH J A,MARTINEZ A,et al.White blood-cells and HIV-1 in semen from vasectomized seropositive men[J].Lancet,1991,338(8766):573-574.
[27]WASILK A,CALLAHAN J D,CHRISTOPHER-HENNINGS J,et al.Detection of U.S.,Lelystad,and European-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses and relative quantitation in boar semen and serum samples by real-time PCR[J].Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2004,42(10):4453-4461.
[28]THACKER B J,JOO H S,WINKELMAN N L,et al.Clinical,virologic,and histopathologic observations of induced porcine parvovirus infection in boars[J].American Journal of Veterinary Research,1987,48(5):763-767.
[29]HAN K,SEO H W,PARK C,et al.Comparative pathogenesis of type 1(European genotype)and type 2(North American genotype)porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected boar[J].Virology Journal,2013,10(1):156-164.
[30]SUAREZ P,DIAZ-GUERRA M,PRIETO C,et al.Open reading frame 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus as a cause of virus-induced apoptosis[J].Journal of Virology,1996,70(5):2876-2882.
[31]HAN K,SEO H W,OH Y,et al.Pathogenesis of type 1(European genotype)porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in male gonads of infected boar[J].Veterinary Research Communications,2013,37(2):155-162.
[32]NAUWYNCK H J,DUAN X,FAVOREEL H W,et al.Entry of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into porcine alveolar macrophages via receptor-mediated endocytosis[J].Journal of General Virology,1999,80(2):297-305.
[33]SHI C,LIU Y,DING Y,et al.PRRSV receptors and their roles in virus infection[J].Archives of Microbiology,2015,197(4):503-512.
[34]DEJUCQ N,JEGOU B.Viruses in the mammalian male genital tract and their effects on the reproductive system[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,2001,65(2):208-231.
[35]SIRINARUMITR T,ZHANG Y,KIUGE J P,et al.A pneumovirulent United States isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces apoptosis in bystander cells both in vitro and in vivo[J].Journal of General Virology,1998,79(12):2989.
[36]YERKOVICH S T,OLVER S D,LENZOL J C,et al.The roles of tumour necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1 and interleukin-12 in murine cytomegalovirus infection[J].Immunology,1997,91(1):45-52.
[37]PRIETO C,CASTRO J M.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in the boar:a review[J].Theriogenology,2005,63(1):1-16.
[38]YAEGER M J,PRIEVE T,COLLINS J,et al.Evidence for the transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS)virus in boar semen[J].Swine Health and Production,1993,1(5):7-9.
[39]CHRISTOPHER-HENNINGS J,NELSON E A,NELSON J K,et al.Effects of a modified-live virus vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in boars[J].American Journal of Veterinary Research,1997,58(1):40-45.
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