基于DRTIC-SL的草原区露天煤矿地下水脆弱性评价
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摘要
本文以北电胜利1号露天煤矿为研究区,采用含水层埋深、含水层净补给量、地形坡度、包气带效应、含水层渗透系数、距采场中心距离和土地类型七个参数,形成改进的DRTIC-SL模型评估地下水脆弱性,并基于空间数据分析基本理论与ArcGIS、Geoda等软件的制图、信息提取及空间分析功能,讨论研究区地下水脆弱性的空间分布格局及关联关系。结果表明:研究区内非常低脆弱性、低脆弱性、中等脆弱性、高脆弱性、非常高脆弱性占比分别为19.09%、20.58%、34.17%、20.95%和5.21%;非常高脆弱区域主要分布在采场及排土场范围内;DRTIC-SL模型适合草原区大型露天矿地下水脆弱性评价;研究区地下水脆弱性具有明显的空间自相关性。研究结果为草原露天矿区地下水保护措施的提出提供了重要依据。
Taking the No.1 open coal mine as the research area,using seven parameters,aquifer depth,net recharge,topography,impact of the vadose zone,permeability coefficient,slope distance and land type,the improved DRTIC-SL evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater.Based on theory of spatial data analysis,mapping,information extraction and spatial statistics of ArcGIS and Geoda,the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial correlation pattern of the groundwater vulnerability of Shengli open-pit mine are discussed.The results showed that the proportions of the lowest vulnerability,low vulnerability,moderate vulnerability,high vulnerability,and the highest vulnerability in the study area were 19.09%,20.58%,34.17%,20.95%,and 5.21%;the highest-vulnerable areas were mainly distributed in the stope and dump;DRTIC-SL model was suitable for groundwater vulnerability evaluation of large-scale open-pit mines in steppe region;in the study area,there was obvious spatial autocorrelation.The study provided an important basis for the proposal of groundwater protection measures in the open-pit mining area in steppe region.
Taking the No.1 open coal mine as the research area,using seven parameters,aquifer depth,net recharge,topography,impact of the vadose zone,permeability coefficient,slope distance and land type,the improved DRTIC-SL evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater.Based on theory of spatial data analysis,mapping,information extraction and spatial statistics of ArcGIS and Geoda,the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial correlation pattern of the groundwater vulnerability of Shengli open-pit mine are discussed.The results showed that the proportions of the lowest vulnerability,low vulnerability,moderate vulnerability,high vulnerability,and the highest vulnerability in the study area were 19.09%,20.58%,34.17%,20.95%,and 5.21%;the highest-vulnerable areas were mainly distributed in the stope and dump;DRTIC-SL model was suitable for groundwater vulnerability evaluation of large-scale open-pit mines in steppe region;in the study area,there was obvious spatial autocorrelation.The study provided an important basis for the proposal of groundwater protection measures in the open-pit mining area in steppe region.
引文
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[2]张军,俞珠峰,李全生,等.能源“金三角”地区煤炭科学产能预测及分析[J].煤炭工程,2013,45(11):142-144.
[3]彭苏萍,张博,王佟,等.煤炭资源与水资源[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[4]彭苏萍,张博,王佟.我国煤炭资源“井”字形分布特征与可持续发展战略[J].中国工程科学,2015,17(9):29-35.
[5]武强.我国矿井水防控与资源化利用的研究进展、问题和展望[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):795-805.
[6]武强,申建军,王洋.“煤-水”双资源型矿井开采技术方法与工程应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):8-16.
[7]顾大钊.能源“金三角”煤炭开发水资源保护与利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[8]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.
[9]范立民.神木矿区的主要环境地质问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(6):37-40.
[10]范立民.论保水采煤问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(5):50-53.
[11]宋子岭,祁文辉,范军富,等.大型露天煤矿绿色开采评价体系研究[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(3):1177-1182.
[12]HUAN Huan,WANG Jinsheng,TENG Yanguo.Assessment and validation of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate based on a modified DRASTIC model:A case study in Jilin City of northeast China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,440:14-23.
[13]SENER E,DAVRAZ A.Assessment of groundwater vulnerability based on a modified DRASTIC model,GIS and an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method:the case of Egirdir Lake basin(Isparta,Turkey)[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2013,21:701-714.
[14]WU H,CHEN J,QIAN H.A modified DRASTIC model for assessing contamination risk of groundwater in the northern suburb of Yinchuan,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75:483.https:∥doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5094-z
[15]SINHA M K,VERMA M K,AHMAD I,et al.Assessment of groundwater vulnerability using modified DRASTIC model in Kharun Basin,India[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9:98-119.
[16]AMIRREZA Neshat,BISWAJEET pradhan,SAIED Pirasteh,et al.Ground water vulnerability to pollution using a modified DRASTIC model in the Kerman agricultural area,Iran[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71(7):3119-3131.
[17]内蒙古自治区水利厅.2016年内蒙古自治区水资源公报[EB/OL].(2015-09-05)[2018-04-15].http:∥www.nmgslw.gov.cn/xxgk/jcms_files/jcms1/web2/site/art/2017/7/27/art_56_3012.html.
[18]郭二果,蔡煜,马静,等.草原区露天煤矿开发地下水水质影响评价[J].中国煤炭,2015,41(1):123-130.
[19]项元和,李国萍.内蒙古锡林郭勒草原区胜利1号露天煤矿外排土场水土流失防治方案[J].中国水土保持科学,2006(S1):71-77,82.
[20]李云平.胜利1号露天煤矿被列为国家西部重点建设工程[N].西部时报,2009-02-24(016).
[21]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Drastic:A Standardized System for Evaluating Ground Water Pollution Potential Using Hydrogeologic Settings[R].1985.
[22]王劲峰,廖一兰,刘鑫.空间数据分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[23]赵小风,黄贤金,张兴榆,等.区域COD、SO2及TSP排放的空间自相关分析:以江苏省为例[J].环境科学,2009,30(6):1580-1587.
[24]操信春,邵光成,王小军,等.中国农业广义水资源利用系数及时空格局分析[J].水科学进展,2017,28(1):14-21.
[25]ORD J K,GETIS A.Local spatial autocorrelation statistics:distributional issues and an application[J].Geographical Analysis.1995,27(4):286-306.
[26]严明疆,申建梅,张光辉,等.人类活动影响下的地下水脆弱性演变特征及其演变机理[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(2):1-5.
[27]严明疆,张光辉,王金哲,等.滹滏平原地下水系统脆弱性最佳地下水水位埋深探讨[J].地球学报,2009,32(2):243-248.
[28]贾利民,郭中小,龙胤慧,等.型草原区地下水脆弱性评价[J].人民黄河,2015,37(8):64-69.
[29]孙才志,奚旭,董璐.基于ArcGIS的下辽河平原地下水脆弱性评价及空间结构分析[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):6635-6646.
[30]孙才志,左海军,栾天新.下辽河平原地下水脆弱性研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007(5):943-948.
[31]吴涛.露天煤矿地下水环境影响分析及质量评价[J].露天采矿技术,2016,31(5):68-71.