洞庭湖浮游植物时空变化特征及影响因素分析
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摘要
为了解洞庭湖浮游植物的时空分布特征及原因,在2016年对洞庭湖浮游植物开展了季度调查。结果表明洞庭湖浮游植物样品中共检出6门53属,其中蓝藻门4属、绿藻门19属、硅藻门21属、隐藻门2属、裸藻门4属、甲藻门3属。洞庭湖浮游植物的平均密度为28.6×104cells/L,其中硅藻门最为丰富,占总密度的43.1%,其次为蓝藻门占23.4%、绿藻门占18.9%、隐藻门占8.8%、裸藻门占3.9%、甲藻门占1.9%。空间分布上,东洞庭湖浮游植物密度最高,其次为南洞庭湖、洞庭湖出口、入湖口和西洞庭湖。时间分布上,6月份浮游植物密度最高,其次为9月、3月和12月份。洞庭湖全湖综合营养状态指数为49.9,为中营养水平,其中东洞庭湖出现了轻度富营养化,尤其是大小西湖在夏秋季节有水华爆发的风险。典范对应分析(CCA)分析表明总磷和透明度是影响洞庭湖藻类分布的主要影响因素。
The quarterly surveys were carried out in 2016 to investigate the spatial and temporal variations and their driving factors of phytoplankton in Dongting Lake. The results showed that the phytoplankton community belonged to 6 phyla and53 genera,including 4 genera of Cyanophyta,19 genera of Chlorophyta,21 genera of Bacillariophyta,2 genera of Cryptophyta,4 genera of Euglenophyta and 3 genera of Pyrrophyta. The average density of phytoplankton was 28. 6 ×104 cells/L,with Bacillariophyta as the most dominant class( accounted for 43. 1% of the total density),followed by Cyanophyta( 23. 4%),Chlorophyta( 18. 9%),Cryptophyta( 8. 8%),Euglenophyta( 3. 9%) and Pyrrophyta( 1. 9%).On the spatial distribution,the density of phytoplankton was highest in East Dongting Lake,followed by South Dongting Lake,outlet,estuary and West Dongting Lake. On the temporal distribution,the highest density of phytoplankton was in June,followed by in September March and December. The eutrophication state index in Dongting Lake was 49. 9,showing that this lake was mesotrophic. The light eutrophication was occurred in East Dongting Lake,especially in Daxiaoxi Lake,where existing the risk of algae bloom in summer and fall. Canonical correspondence analysis( CCA) showed total phosphorus and transparency were the key factors controlling the community structure of phytoplankton.
The quarterly surveys were carried out in 2016 to investigate the spatial and temporal variations and their driving factors of phytoplankton in Dongting Lake. The results showed that the phytoplankton community belonged to 6 phyla and53 genera,including 4 genera of Cyanophyta,19 genera of Chlorophyta,21 genera of Bacillariophyta,2 genera of Cryptophyta,4 genera of Euglenophyta and 3 genera of Pyrrophyta. The average density of phytoplankton was 28. 6 ×104 cells/L,with Bacillariophyta as the most dominant class( accounted for 43. 1% of the total density),followed by Cyanophyta( 23. 4%),Chlorophyta( 18. 9%),Cryptophyta( 8. 8%),Euglenophyta( 3. 9%) and Pyrrophyta( 1. 9%).On the spatial distribution,the density of phytoplankton was highest in East Dongting Lake,followed by South Dongting Lake,outlet,estuary and West Dongting Lake. On the temporal distribution,the highest density of phytoplankton was in June,followed by in September March and December. The eutrophication state index in Dongting Lake was 49. 9,showing that this lake was mesotrophic. The light eutrophication was occurred in East Dongting Lake,especially in Daxiaoxi Lake,where existing the risk of algae bloom in summer and fall. Canonical correspondence analysis( CCA) showed total phosphorus and transparency were the key factors controlling the community structure of phytoplankton.
引文
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[25]李娣,李旭文,牛志春,等.太湖浮游植物群落结构及其与水质指标间的关系[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(11):1814-1820.
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[2]Du Y,Cai S M,Zhang X Y,et al.Inteprretation of the environmental change of Dongting Lake,middle reach of Yangtze River,China,by 210 Pb measurement and satellite image analysis[J].Geomorphology,2001,41(2):171-181.
[3]徐开钦,林诚二,牧秀明,等.长江干流主要营养盐含量的变化特征—1998-1999年日中合作调查结果分析[J].地理学报,2004,59(l):118-124.
[4]陈凌霄,秦雪,金赞芳.湖泊污染物入湖通量的研究进展[J].环境科技,2014,27(2):61-64.
[5]许朋柱,秦伯强.2001-2002水文年环太湖河道的水量及污染物通量[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(3):213-218.
[6]王丑明,张屹,石慧华,等.洞庭湖大型底栖动物群落结构和水质评价[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(2):395-404.
[7]秦迪岚,黄哲,罗岳平,等.洞庭湖区污染控制区划与控制对策[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(7):748-755.
[8]黄代中,万群,李利强,等.洞庭湖近20年水质与富营养化状态变化[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(1):27-33.
[9]朱广伟.太湖水质的时空分异特征及其与水华的关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(5):439-445.
[10]朱英,顾詠洁,王耘,等.苏州河水文条件变化对浮游植物群落的影响[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(2):30-36,106.
[11]朱文昌,陆敏,石浚哲.梅梁湖水体浮游植物与环境因子的关系[J].环境监测管理与技术,2010,22(3):27-30.
[12]李思阳,韩志勇,许振成,等.高州水库浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(5):16-24.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:670-671.
[14]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类-系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[15]魏复盛.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[16]中国环境监测总站.湖泊(水库)富营养化评价方法及分级技术规定[R].北京:中国环境监测总站,2001.
[17]Ter B C J F,Verdonschot P F M.Canonical correspondence analysis and related multivariate methods in aquatic ecology[J].Aquatic Sci,1995,57(3):255-289.
[18]Ter B C J F,milauer P.CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user's guide:software for canonical community ordination(version 4.5)[M].New York:Microcomputer Power Ithaca,2002.
[19]王建国,于洪贤,马成学,等.兴凯湖浮游植物数量特征与群落结构分析[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(4):26-31.
[20]杨丽标,韩小勇,孙璞,等.巢湖藻类组成与环境因子典范对应分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):952-958.
[21]姚维志,史建全,祁洪芳,等.2006-2010年夏季青海湖浮游植物研究[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(3):22-28.
[22]李亚蒙,赵琦,冯广平,等.白洋淀硅藻分布及其与水环境的关系[J].生态学报,2010,31(17):4559-4570.
[23]沈会涛,刘存歧.白洋淀浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(6):773-779.
[24]王艺兵,侯泽英,叶碧碧,等.鄱阳湖浮游植物时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1310-1317.
[25]李娣,李旭文,牛志春,等.太湖浮游植物群落结构及其与水质指标间的关系[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(11):1814-1820.
[26]万金保,闫伟伟.鄱阳湖水质富营养化评价方法应用及探讨[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(2):210-214.
[27]钱奎梅,陈宇炜,宋晓兰.太湖浮游植物优势种长期演化与富营养化进程的关系[J].生态科学,2008,27(2):65-70.