从马克思的劳动幸福理论看社会主义集体主义精神的建构
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摘要
社会主义集体主义精神是不同于资本主义精神的更高的价值形态。这种价值形态的根基是马克思的劳动幸福理论。马克思认为,劳动是人的类本质,劳动创造人。按照此种理论逻辑,不劳动不是幸福,而是放弃人的本质,放弃做人的资格。劳动幸福是人的本质实现,每个人都具有不可转让的劳动幸福权利。我们需要有一种具有公共性的集体主义精神来保障每个人的劳动幸福,这种集体主义精神不是一种外在规范,而是源于劳动幸福的内在需要,也就是源于人的本质需要。社会主义集体主义精神不同于个人服从型集体主义、抹杀个性的虚假型集体主义,也不同于合谋式的熟人社会型集体主义。它强调的是以公共性为核心,以维护每个人的劳动幸福为支撑,将个人幸福和社会幸福有机统一的精神。这样的社会主义集体主义精神必须在个体、社会、人类整体三个层面上同时为劳动幸福的实现提供动力支撑。
Socialist collectivism is a higher value form different from capitalist spirit. This value form is based on Marx's theory of labor felicity. Marx believes that labor is the essence of human beings and that labor creates human beings. According to this theoretical logic,not to work is not a kind of happiness,but to give up the essence of mankind,give up the qualifications of human beings. Labor felicity symbolizes the realization of human nature. Everyone has the non-transferable right to labor felicity. We need such a kind of collectivism spirit with commonality to guarantee everyone's felicity in work. This kind of collectivism spirit is not an external norm,but comes from the inner need of labor felicity,that is,from the essential need of human beings. The spirit of socialist collectivism is different from the individual subordinate collectivism,the false collectivism that erases individuality,and the collectivism of acquaintances in collusion as well. It emphasizes the spirit of the organic unity of individual happiness and social happiness with the core of commonality and the support of safeguarding everyone's labor felicity. Only such socialist collectivism spirit can provide powerful support for the realization of labor felicity at the three levels of individual,society and human beings as a whole.
Socialist collectivism is a higher value form different from capitalist spirit. This value form is based on Marx's theory of labor felicity. Marx believes that labor is the essence of human beings and that labor creates human beings. According to this theoretical logic,not to work is not a kind of happiness,but to give up the essence of mankind,give up the qualifications of human beings. Labor felicity symbolizes the realization of human nature. Everyone has the non-transferable right to labor felicity. We need such a kind of collectivism spirit with commonality to guarantee everyone's felicity in work. This kind of collectivism spirit is not an external norm,but comes from the inner need of labor felicity,that is,from the essential need of human beings. The spirit of socialist collectivism is different from the individual subordinate collectivism,the false collectivism that erases individuality,and the collectivism of acquaintances in collusion as well. It emphasizes the spirit of the organic unity of individual happiness and social happiness with the core of commonality and the support of safeguarding everyone's labor felicity. Only such socialist collectivism spirit can provide powerful support for the realization of labor felicity at the three levels of individual,society and human beings as a whole.
引文
[1]何云峰.从劳动作为人的类本质的视角看劳动幸福问题[J].江汉论坛,2017(8):49-53.
[2]马克斯·韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[M].于晓,陈维纲,译.上海:上海三联书店,1987:49.
[3]马克思恩格斯选集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[4]马克思恩格斯选集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[5]斯大林选集(下卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1979:354-355.
[6]何云峰,等.中国人的心态历程[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:195.
[7]胡建.浙江精神的科学定义与“窝缘性”文化心理之克服———剖析浙江精神及其文化辐射意义[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2001(6):86-91.
[8]马克思恩格斯选集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
(1)关于“劳动幸福权”的概念,可参见何云峰:论劳动幸福权,《社会科学家》2019年第2期。
[2]马克斯·韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[M].于晓,陈维纲,译.上海:上海三联书店,1987:49.
[3]马克思恩格斯选集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[4]马克思恩格斯选集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[5]斯大林选集(下卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1979:354-355.
[6]何云峰,等.中国人的心态历程[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:195.
[7]胡建.浙江精神的科学定义与“窝缘性”文化心理之克服———剖析浙江精神及其文化辐射意义[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2001(6):86-91.
[8]马克思恩格斯选集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
(1)关于“劳动幸福权”的概念,可参见何云峰:论劳动幸福权,《社会科学家》2019年第2期。