一种可任意给定环量分布的螺旋桨设计方法
|
摘要
提出了一种螺旋桨快速设计方法,该方法可以根据任意给定的环量分布及工况快速设计出高效率螺旋桨的几何外形(桨叶弦长、扭转角分布)。为对比有叶素阻力与无叶素阻力的最佳环量分布形式,首先对计入和不计叶素阻力下的最佳环量分布表达式进行了推导,分析了各参数对最佳环量分布形状的影响。然后基于片条理论进行了逆向推导,建立了以环量分布为输入的螺旋桨快速设计方法,并分析了螺旋桨理想效率的影响因素,发现理想效率的水平与来流动压、桨盘载荷有关。最后进行了螺旋桨设计实践,对比分析了不同环量分布下螺旋桨性能的差异。结果表明,所提出的设计方法能够根据给定环量分布进行精确设计,相对误差不超过7%,设计性能与参考文献中设计结果的差别不超过2%。
A design method for high efficiency propeller with arbitrarily given circulation distribution and operating condition was presented to calculate the geometric characteristics of the propeller,including the chord length and twist angle.For comparison of the best circulation considering or disregarding the drag of the blade element,the expressions of the two best circulations were derived respectively,and the parameters'influences on the best circulation distribution were analyzed.Then the propeller design method was derived inversely from the blade element momentum theory.The study on the parameter influences for efficiency shows that the ideal efficiency is closely related to dynamic pressure and disk loading.At last,several propellers were designed with different circulations and their performances were compared.The study indicates that the design method can be used to design high efficiency propeller with arbitrary circulation,at a relative error less than 7%,and the difference of design performance from the design result in the reference literature is less than 2%.
A design method for high efficiency propeller with arbitrarily given circulation distribution and operating condition was presented to calculate the geometric characteristics of the propeller,including the chord length and twist angle.For comparison of the best circulation considering or disregarding the drag of the blade element,the expressions of the two best circulations were derived respectively,and the parameters'influences on the best circulation distribution were analyzed.Then the propeller design method was derived inversely from the blade element momentum theory.The study on the parameter influences for efficiency shows that the ideal efficiency is closely related to dynamic pressure and disk loading.At last,several propellers were designed with different circulations and their performances were compared.The study indicates that the design method can be used to design high efficiency propeller with arbitrary circulation,at a relative error less than 7%,and the difference of design performance from the design result in the reference literature is less than 2%.
引文
[1] GOLDSTEIN S.On the vortex theory of screw propellers[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1929,123(792):440-465.
[2] LOCK C N H,YEATMAN D.Tables for use in an improved method of airscrew strip theory calculation[R].Aeronautical Reserch Committee Reports and Memoranda No.1674-T3601,1934.
[3] STANDARD H.Generalized method of propeller performance estimation 1961-1963[R].Windsor Locks,US:Boston University PDB 6101,1963.
[4] LARRABEE E E.Practical design of minimum induced loss propellers[R].SAE Preprint 790585,1979.
[5] EPPLER R,HEPPERLE M.A procedure for propeller design by inverse methods[C]∥Proceedings of the International Conference on Inversed Design Concepts in Engineering Sicence(ICIDES).Austin,US:ICIDES,1984:445-460.
[6] ANGELO S D,BERARDI F,MINISCI E.Aerodynamic performances of propellers with parametric considerations on the optimal design[J].The Aeronautical Journal,2002,106(1060):313-320.
[7]张胜利,席德科.飞艇螺旋桨气动优化设计[J].机电一体化,2009,15(11):78-81.ZHANG Shengli,XI Deke.Aerodynamic design and optimization of the propeller of airship[J].Mechatronics,2009,15(11):78-81.(in Chinese)
[8]项松,王吉,张利国,等.一种高效率螺旋桨设计方法[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(1):136-141.XIANG Song,WANG Ji,ZHANG Liguo,et al.A design method for high efficiency propeller[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(1):136-141.(in Chinese)
[9]项松,佟刚,吴江,等.某型三叶螺旋桨的设计及性能试验[J].航空动力学报,2016,31(8):1793-1798.XIANG Song,TONG Gang,WU Jiang,et al.Design and performance test of a kind of three-blade propeller[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(8):1793-1798.(in Chinese)
[10]项松,刘远强,佟刚,等.某型电动飞机螺旋桨的设计与试验[J].西北工业大学学报,2016,34(3):460-466.XIANG Song,LIU Yuanqiang,TONG Gang,et al.Design and test of an electric powered aircraft propeller[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2016,34(3):460-466.(in Chinese)
[11]梁撑刚,郁新华,龚军锋.一种无人机螺旋桨的快速优化设计方法[J].航空计算技术,2017,47(2):76-79.LIANG Chenggang,YU Xinhua,GONG Junfeng.A quick approach to optimum design of UAV propeller[J].Aeronautical Computing Technique,2017,47(2):76-79.(in Chinese)
[12]翟若岱.太阳能飞机高效率螺旋桨设计关键技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2017.ZHAI Ruodai.Research on key technology of high efficiency propeller design for solar powered aircraft[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Aerospace University,2017.(in Chinese)
[13]刘沛清.空气螺旋桨理论及其应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[14]曹义华.现代直升机旋翼空气动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2015.
[15] THEODORSEN T.Theory of propellers[M].New York:McGraw Hill,1948.
[16]段中喆,刘沛清,屈秋林.某轻载螺旋桨滑流区三维流场特性数值研究[J].控制工程,2012,19(5):836-840.DUAN Zhongzhe,LIU Peiqing,QU Qiulin.Numerical research on 3-D flow field characteristics within the slipstream of a low load propeller[J].Control Engineering of China,2012,19(5):836-840.(in Chinese)
[17] VELDHUIS L L M.Propeller wing aerodynamic interference[D].Delft,The Netherlands:Delft University,2005.
[18] BIERMANN D,HARTMAN E P.The aerodynamic characteristics of six full-scale propellers having different airfoil sections[R].Technical Report Archive and Image Library N62 50650,1939.
[19]范中允,周洲,祝小平,等.高鲁棒性的螺旋桨片条理论非线性修正方法[J].航空学报,2018,39(8):121869.1-121869.14.FAN Zhongyun,ZHOU Zhou,ZHU Xiaoping,et al.Highrobustness nonlinear-modification for propeller BEMT[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(8):121869.1-121869.14.(in Chinese)
[2] LOCK C N H,YEATMAN D.Tables for use in an improved method of airscrew strip theory calculation[R].Aeronautical Reserch Committee Reports and Memoranda No.1674-T3601,1934.
[3] STANDARD H.Generalized method of propeller performance estimation 1961-1963[R].Windsor Locks,US:Boston University PDB 6101,1963.
[4] LARRABEE E E.Practical design of minimum induced loss propellers[R].SAE Preprint 790585,1979.
[5] EPPLER R,HEPPERLE M.A procedure for propeller design by inverse methods[C]∥Proceedings of the International Conference on Inversed Design Concepts in Engineering Sicence(ICIDES).Austin,US:ICIDES,1984:445-460.
[6] ANGELO S D,BERARDI F,MINISCI E.Aerodynamic performances of propellers with parametric considerations on the optimal design[J].The Aeronautical Journal,2002,106(1060):313-320.
[7]张胜利,席德科.飞艇螺旋桨气动优化设计[J].机电一体化,2009,15(11):78-81.ZHANG Shengli,XI Deke.Aerodynamic design and optimization of the propeller of airship[J].Mechatronics,2009,15(11):78-81.(in Chinese)
[8]项松,王吉,张利国,等.一种高效率螺旋桨设计方法[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(1):136-141.XIANG Song,WANG Ji,ZHANG Liguo,et al.A design method for high efficiency propeller[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(1):136-141.(in Chinese)
[9]项松,佟刚,吴江,等.某型三叶螺旋桨的设计及性能试验[J].航空动力学报,2016,31(8):1793-1798.XIANG Song,TONG Gang,WU Jiang,et al.Design and performance test of a kind of three-blade propeller[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(8):1793-1798.(in Chinese)
[10]项松,刘远强,佟刚,等.某型电动飞机螺旋桨的设计与试验[J].西北工业大学学报,2016,34(3):460-466.XIANG Song,LIU Yuanqiang,TONG Gang,et al.Design and test of an electric powered aircraft propeller[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2016,34(3):460-466.(in Chinese)
[11]梁撑刚,郁新华,龚军锋.一种无人机螺旋桨的快速优化设计方法[J].航空计算技术,2017,47(2):76-79.LIANG Chenggang,YU Xinhua,GONG Junfeng.A quick approach to optimum design of UAV propeller[J].Aeronautical Computing Technique,2017,47(2):76-79.(in Chinese)
[12]翟若岱.太阳能飞机高效率螺旋桨设计关键技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2017.ZHAI Ruodai.Research on key technology of high efficiency propeller design for solar powered aircraft[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Aerospace University,2017.(in Chinese)
[13]刘沛清.空气螺旋桨理论及其应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[14]曹义华.现代直升机旋翼空气动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2015.
[15] THEODORSEN T.Theory of propellers[M].New York:McGraw Hill,1948.
[16]段中喆,刘沛清,屈秋林.某轻载螺旋桨滑流区三维流场特性数值研究[J].控制工程,2012,19(5):836-840.DUAN Zhongzhe,LIU Peiqing,QU Qiulin.Numerical research on 3-D flow field characteristics within the slipstream of a low load propeller[J].Control Engineering of China,2012,19(5):836-840.(in Chinese)
[17] VELDHUIS L L M.Propeller wing aerodynamic interference[D].Delft,The Netherlands:Delft University,2005.
[18] BIERMANN D,HARTMAN E P.The aerodynamic characteristics of six full-scale propellers having different airfoil sections[R].Technical Report Archive and Image Library N62 50650,1939.
[19]范中允,周洲,祝小平,等.高鲁棒性的螺旋桨片条理论非线性修正方法[J].航空学报,2018,39(8):121869.1-121869.14.FAN Zhongyun,ZHOU Zhou,ZHU Xiaoping,et al.Highrobustness nonlinear-modification for propeller BEMT[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(8):121869.1-121869.14.(in Chinese)