无人机着舰流场的数值模拟研究
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摘要
针对航母尾迹对舰载机着舰过程气动特性的影响,采用嵌套网格的方法,对无人机在不同风向下的着舰过程进行了数值模拟。首先,对不同网格划分,定常和非定常计算进行了比较,发现有无附面层对航母流场结果影响不大,下滑线上定常计算的结果和非定常时均的结果类似。然后,对0°和±15°风向下的航母流场进行了分析,表明航母尾迹随风向的变化而变化。接着,对单独无人机降落的过程进行了模拟,验证了所建立的嵌套网格的可靠性。最后,对耦合航母情况下无人机的着舰进行了仿真,结果表明降落过程中飞机一直处于低动压的状态,升力和俯仰力矩变化明显,不同风向下着舰气动特性的变化也存在差异。研究结果为以后舰载机安全着舰的评估和控制提供了参考。
In order to investigate the influence of ship airwake on aerodynamic characteristics of the carrier-based aircraft,UAV's landings in different winds over deck were simulated by Overset Mesh method. Firstly,mesh factors,steady and unsteady methods were compared based on single aircraft carrier. The results showed that the boundary layer mesh around ship didn't show obvious influence for our simulation,and the calculation results between the steady and unsteady time average showed a similar trend. Then,aircraft carrier's flow fields in three wind directions were analyzed,and ship airwake variations with different direction winds over deck were concluded as well. Next,the reliability of Overset Mesh was verified though single UAV's landing simulation. Finally,the coupled flow fields of UAV/ship were studied. The calculation results indicated that aircraft was always in a low dynamic pressure condition,the lift and pitching moment of UAV had apparent changes in landing. Meanwhile,the aerodynamic fluctuations of UAV also revealed differences in different wind directions. The simulation results can be regarded as a reference for the safety assessment of carrier-based aircraft's landing and its control in the future.
In order to investigate the influence of ship airwake on aerodynamic characteristics of the carrier-based aircraft,UAV's landings in different winds over deck were simulated by Overset Mesh method. Firstly,mesh factors,steady and unsteady methods were compared based on single aircraft carrier. The results showed that the boundary layer mesh around ship didn't show obvious influence for our simulation,and the calculation results between the steady and unsteady time average showed a similar trend. Then,aircraft carrier's flow fields in three wind directions were analyzed,and ship airwake variations with different direction winds over deck were concluded as well. Next,the reliability of Overset Mesh was verified though single UAV's landing simulation. Finally,the coupled flow fields of UAV/ship were studied. The calculation results indicated that aircraft was always in a low dynamic pressure condition,the lift and pitching moment of UAV had apparent changes in landing. Meanwhile,the aerodynamic fluctuations of UAV also revealed differences in different wind directions. The simulation results can be regarded as a reference for the safety assessment of carrier-based aircraft's landing and its control in the future.
引文
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[15]程捷.基于DES的舰船空气尾流场特性和旋翼气动特性分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015CHENG Jie. Investigation of Ship Airwake and Rotor Aerodynamics Based on DES[D]. Wuhan,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015(in Chinese)
[16]苏大成,史勇杰,徐国华,等.直升机/舰船耦合流场的数值模拟研究[J].航空学报,2017,38(7):75-86SU Dacheng,SHI Yongjie,XU Guohua,et al. Numerical Study of the Coupled Flowfield of Ship/Helicopter[D]. Acta Aeronautica Astronautica Sinica,2017,38(7):75-86(in Chinese)
[17]黄斌.直升机/舰船耦合流场的CFD模拟及风限图计算[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2015HUANG Bin. Numerical Study of Coupled Flowfield and Flight Envelop for Shipborne Helicopters[D]. Nanjing,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015(in Chinese)
[18]RAJMOHAN Nischint,ZHAO Jinggen,HE Chengjian. An Efficient POD Technique to Model Rotor/Ship Airwake Interaction[C]∥68th American Helicopter Society Annual Forum Fort Worth,Texas,2012
[19]方振平,陈万春,张曙光.航空飞行器飞行动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005FANG Zhenping,CHEN Wanchun,ZHANG Shuguang. The Flight Dynamics of Aerodynamic Aircraft[M]. Beijing,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press,2005(in Chinese)
[20]MENTER F R,RUMSEY L C. Assessment of Two-Equation Turbulence Models for Transonic Flows[C]∥25th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference,Colorado,1994
[21]MENTER F R. Two Equation Eddy Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(8):1598-1605
[2]赵永振.大型舰船定常与非定常气流场数值模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2012ZHAO Yongzhen. Numerical Simulation of Steady and Unsteady Air Flow Field Around Large Ship[D]. Harbin,Harbin Engineering University,2012(in Chinese)
[3]安军.航母尾流模拟及舰载机着舰控制的初步研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012AN Jun. Numerical Simulation of Aircraft Carrier Airwake and Preliminary Study on Control Law for Automatic Carrier Landing[D]. Wuhan,Huazhong University of Science&Technology,2012(in Chinese)
[4]段萍萍.舰载飞机着舰过程动力学特性分析[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2011DUAN Pingping. Investigation on Dynamic Performance Analysis for Carrier-Based Aircraft during Landing Process[D]. Nanjing,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012(in Chinese)
[5]贺少华,刘东岳,谭大力,等.载机舰船气流场相关研究综述[J].舰船科学技术,2014,36(2):1-7HE Shaohua,Liu Dongyue,Tan Dali,et al. A Review of Researches on Ship Airwakes[J]. Ship Science and Technology,2014,36(2):1-7(in Chinese)
[6] SUSAN A P. CFD Prediction of Airwake Flow Fields for Ships Experiencing Beam Winds[C]∥21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Orlando,2003:23-26
[7] SUSAN Polsky,STEPHEN Naylor. CVN Airwake Modeling and Integration:Initial Steps in the Creation and Implementation of a Virtual Burble for F-18 Carrier Landing Simulations[C]∥Proceedings of AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit,2005:1-9
[8] ANUPAM S,LYLE N L. Airwake Simulations on an LPD 17 Ship[C]∥15th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference,Anaheim,California,2001
[9]洪伟宏,姜治芳,王涛.上层建筑形式及布局对舰船空气流场的影响[J].中国舰船研究,2009,4(2):53-58HONG Weihong,JIANG Zhifang,WANG Tao. Influence on Air-Wake with Different Layout of Ship Superstructure[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2009,4(2):54-68(in Chinese)
[10]王金玲,郜冶,刘长猛.适用于复杂船型的网格类型研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2015(11):99-103WANG Jinling,GAO Ye,LIU Changmeng. Research on Mesh Type for Complex Ship[J]. Journal Huazhong University of Science&Technology,2015(11):99-103(in Chinese)
[11]郜冶.大尺度船舶构造物湍流风场数值研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2014GAO Ye. Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Wind Field around Large-Scale Marine Structures[D]. Harbin,Harbin Engineering University,2014(in Chinese)
[12]郜冶,刘长猛,贺征.风向变化产生的航母甲板涡结构特征研究[J].空气动力学学报,2013,31(3):310-315GAO Ye,LIU Changmeng,HE Zheng. Research on CVN Deck Vortices Structure Characteristics Caused by Wind Direction Changes[J]. Acta Aerodynamic Sinica,2013,31(3):310-315(in Chinese)
[13]郜冶,谢辉松.滑跃起飞过程舰体周围流场的数值模拟[J].空气动力学报,2008,26(4):513-518GAO Ye,XIE Huisong. The Numerical Simulation of Flow around the Warship during Ramp Ski-Jump Take-Off[J]. Acta Aerodynamic Sinica,2008,26(4):513-518(in Chinese)
[14]顾璇.近地/海运动过程中的空气动力学分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2009GU Xuan. Aerodynamic Analysis on Near-Ground/Sea Motion[D]. Harbin,Harbin Engineering University,2009(in Chinese)
[15]程捷.基于DES的舰船空气尾流场特性和旋翼气动特性分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015CHENG Jie. Investigation of Ship Airwake and Rotor Aerodynamics Based on DES[D]. Wuhan,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015(in Chinese)
[16]苏大成,史勇杰,徐国华,等.直升机/舰船耦合流场的数值模拟研究[J].航空学报,2017,38(7):75-86SU Dacheng,SHI Yongjie,XU Guohua,et al. Numerical Study of the Coupled Flowfield of Ship/Helicopter[D]. Acta Aeronautica Astronautica Sinica,2017,38(7):75-86(in Chinese)
[17]黄斌.直升机/舰船耦合流场的CFD模拟及风限图计算[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2015HUANG Bin. Numerical Study of Coupled Flowfield and Flight Envelop for Shipborne Helicopters[D]. Nanjing,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015(in Chinese)
[18]RAJMOHAN Nischint,ZHAO Jinggen,HE Chengjian. An Efficient POD Technique to Model Rotor/Ship Airwake Interaction[C]∥68th American Helicopter Society Annual Forum Fort Worth,Texas,2012
[19]方振平,陈万春,张曙光.航空飞行器飞行动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005FANG Zhenping,CHEN Wanchun,ZHANG Shuguang. The Flight Dynamics of Aerodynamic Aircraft[M]. Beijing,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press,2005(in Chinese)
[20]MENTER F R,RUMSEY L C. Assessment of Two-Equation Turbulence Models for Transonic Flows[C]∥25th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference,Colorado,1994
[21]MENTER F R. Two Equation Eddy Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(8):1598-1605