异常低压背景下储集层成岩特征——以渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷南段古近系为例
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摘要
应用大量压力、物性、试油测试数据,分析渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷南段古近系低压和异常低压对储集层成岩作用和物性的影响。当地层压力为低压或异常低压时,孔隙流体压力较小,上覆静岩压力主要由砂岩骨架颗粒承担,有时甚至出现"过压实"现象,导致储集层致密,促进机械压实作用;地层剩余压力与碳酸盐胶结物含量之间呈负相关关系,具有低压或异常低压的致密砂岩碳酸盐胶结物含量比处于静水压力—弱超压条件下的砂岩更高;低压区和异常低压区的砂体孔隙流体中含有较多的Si4+,有利于硅质胶结作用的进行;处于低压或异常低压背景下的储集层,当溶蚀作用发生时,其原始物性已经相对较差,不利于溶蚀流体的注入和溶解物质的排出,溶蚀作用相对较弱。因此,发育低压或异常低压的储集层物性较差。
The effect of low pressure and abnormally low pressure on reservoir diagenesis and physical property of the Paleocene in southern part of Western Sag of Liaohe Depression,Bohai Bay Basin have been analyzed using large amounts of pressure,physical property and formation testing data.When formation pressure is low or abnormally low,the pore fluid has lower pressure,the overburden litho-static pressure is largely born by the sandstone framework,sometimes over compaction occurs,leading to densification of reservoir and stronger mechanical compaction;residual formation pressure has a negative correlation with carbonate cement content,low pressure or abnormally low pressure tight sandstone formations have higher carbonate cement content than sandstone formations with hydrostatic pressure or weak overpressure;pore fluid in sandstones with low pressure or abnormally low pressure has higher Si4+,conducive to the siliceous cementation;when dissolution happens,reservoirs with low pressure or abnormally low pressure,poor in original physical properties,are not favorable for the injection of dissolution fluid and the expulsion of dissolution products,so they have weaker dissolution.In summary,reservoirs with low pressure or abnormally low pressure have poorer physical properties.
The effect of low pressure and abnormally low pressure on reservoir diagenesis and physical property of the Paleocene in southern part of Western Sag of Liaohe Depression,Bohai Bay Basin have been analyzed using large amounts of pressure,physical property and formation testing data.When formation pressure is low or abnormally low,the pore fluid has lower pressure,the overburden litho-static pressure is largely born by the sandstone framework,sometimes over compaction occurs,leading to densification of reservoir and stronger mechanical compaction;residual formation pressure has a negative correlation with carbonate cement content,low pressure or abnormally low pressure tight sandstone formations have higher carbonate cement content than sandstone formations with hydrostatic pressure or weak overpressure;pore fluid in sandstones with low pressure or abnormally low pressure has higher Si4+,conducive to the siliceous cementation;when dissolution happens,reservoirs with low pressure or abnormally low pressure,poor in original physical properties,are not favorable for the injection of dissolution fluid and the expulsion of dissolution products,so they have weaker dissolution.In summary,reservoirs with low pressure or abnormally low pressure have poorer physical properties.
引文
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[18]李士祥,施泽进,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界异常低压成因定量分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):528-533.LI Shixiang,SHI Zejin,LIU Xianyang,et al.Quantitative analysis of the Mesozoic abnormal low pressure in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):528-533.
[19]蒋凌志,牛嘉玉,张庆昌,等.渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):73-78.JIANG Lingzhi,NIU Jiayu,ZHANG Qingchang,et al.Major factors analysis on controlling the formation of favorable reservoir in deep level of Bohai Bay Basin[J].Geological Review,2009,55(1):73-78.
[2]肖丽华,孟元林,张连雪,等.超压地层中镜质组反射率的计算[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):9-12.XIAO Lihua,MENG Yuanlin,ZHANG Lianxue,et al.Vitrinite reflectance modeling in the over-pressured formations[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(1):9-12.
[3]孟元林,魏巍,王维安,等.超压背景下粘土矿物转化的优化模型[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(S1):145-153.MENG Yuanlin,WEI Wei,WANG Wei’an,et al.An optimization model of clay mineral transformation under overpressure setting[J].Journal of Jinlin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(Supp.1):145-153.
[4]GLUYAS J,CADE C A.Prediction of porosity in compacted sands[C]//KUPECZ J A,GLUYAS J G,BLOCH S.Reservoir quality prediction in sandstones and carbonates:An Overview.Tulsa:AAPG,1997:19-27.
[5]肖丽华,高煜婷,田伟志,等.超压对碎屑岩机械压实作用的抑制与孔隙度预测[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2011,30(4):400-406.XIAO Lihua,GAO Yuting,TIAN Weizhi,et al.The retardation of mechanical compaction in clastic rocks by overpressure and the prediction model for porosity[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2011,30(4):400-406.
[6]孟元林,许丞,谢洪玉,等.超压背景下自生石英形成的化学动力学模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):701-707.MENG Yuanlin,XU Cheng,XIE Hongyu,et al.A new kinetic model for authigenic quartz formation under overpressure[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):701-707.
[7]邹才能.非常规油气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013:41.ZOU Caineng.Unconventional petroleum[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013:41.
[8]胡安文,孟元林,孙洪斌,等.辽河西部凹陷南段异常低压体系及其成因机制[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(9):3150-3157.HU Anwen,MENG Yuanlin,SUN Hongbin,et al.Underpressure system and forming mechanisms in southern part of Liaohe West Sag[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(9):3150-3157.
[9]孟元林,郭日鑫,于英华,等.辽河西部凹陷南段沙河街组致密砂岩储层特征分析及优质储层预测[R].大庆:东北石油大学,2012.MENG Yuanlin,GUO Rixin,YU Yinghua,et al.Tight sandstone reservoir analysis and quality reservoir prediction in the Southern Western Sag of Liaohe Depression,Shahejie Formation[R].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2012.
[10]解习农,李思田,刘晓峰,等.异常压力盆地流体动力学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2006:46-68.XIE Xinong,LI Sitian,LIU Xiaofeng,et al.Fluid dynamics of abnormal pressure basin[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2006:46-48.
[11]魏巍.西部凹陷南段沙河街组储层孔隙度计算与有利区预测[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2013:43-58.WEI Wei.The calculation of reservoir porosity and the prediction of the favorable exploration areas in the southern of western depression[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2013:43-58.
[12]徐晓明,刘震,肖伟,等.二连盆地异常低压成因机理探讨[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(2):13-18.XU Xiaoming,LIU Zhen,XIAO Wei,et al.Investigation on genetic mechanism of subnormal pressure in Erlian Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2007,31(2):13-18.
[13]孟元林,祝恒东,李新宁,等.白云岩溶蚀的热力学分析与次生孔隙带预测:以三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组二段致密凝灰质白云岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):690-696.MENG Yuanlin,ZHU Hengdong,LI Xinning,et al.Thermodynamic analyses of dolomite dissolution and prediction of the secondary porosity zones:A case study of tight tuffaceous dolomites of the second member,Permian Lucaogou Formation reservoir,Santanghu Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):690-696.
[14]杨智,邹才能,何生,等.准噶尔盆地腹部超压顶面附近碳酸盐胶结带的成因机理[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(4):439-451.YANG Zhi,ZOU Caineng,HE Sheng,et al.Formation mechanism of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the central Junggar Basin NW China[J].SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,2010,53(4):529-540.
[15]孟元林,高建军,牛嘉玉,等.扇三角洲体系沉积微相对成岩的控制作用:以辽河坳陷西部凹陷南段扇三角洲沉积体系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):36-39.MENG Yuanlin,GAO Jianjun,NIU Jiayu,et al.Controls of the fan-delta sedimentary microfacies on the diageneses in the south of western Liaohe Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):36-39.
[16]WALDERHAUG O.Modeling quartz cementation and porosity in middle Jurassic Brent Group sandstones of the Kvitebjφrn field Northern North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(9):1325-1339.
[17]孟元林,吴琳,孙宏斌,等.辽河西部凹陷南段异常低压背景下的成岩动力学研究与成岩相预测[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):206-214.MENG Yuanlin,WU Lin,SUN Hongbin,et al.Dynamics of diagenesis and prediction of diagenetic facies under abnormally low pressure in the Southern Liaohe West Sag[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2015,22(1):206-214.
[18]李士祥,施泽进,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界异常低压成因定量分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):528-533.LI Shixiang,SHI Zejin,LIU Xianyang,et al.Quantitative analysis of the Mesozoic abnormal low pressure in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):528-533.
[19]蒋凌志,牛嘉玉,张庆昌,等.渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):73-78.JIANG Lingzhi,NIU Jiayu,ZHANG Qingchang,et al.Major factors analysis on controlling the formation of favorable reservoir in deep level of Bohai Bay Basin[J].Geological Review,2009,55(1):73-78.