白云岩溶蚀的热力学分析与次生孔隙带预测——以三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组二段致密凝灰质白云岩为例
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摘要
针对三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组二段致密凝灰质白云岩,研究其次生孔隙发育带的纵向分布规律与地质成因,利用热力学方法预测次生孔隙发育带横向展布。三塘湖盆地马朗—条湖凹陷纵向上存在3个次生孔隙发育带,主要是干酪根脱羧形成的有机酸和黏土矿物转化产生的无机酸共同溶蚀储集层而成。通过计算盆地内不同温度和压力条件下各种矿物溶蚀反应的自由能增量,并结合芦二段岩相分布,预测芦二段白云岩次生孔隙发育带的横向展布。计算结果表明,马朗—条湖凹陷深层白云石最易溶蚀,芦二段凝灰质白云岩溶蚀形成次生孔隙,其中马朗—条湖凹陷中央为有利溶蚀带,与半深湖—深湖相优质烃源岩重叠,有利于致密油聚集。图6表1参28
The vertical distribution and geological origin of secondary porosity zones have been studied in the tight tuffaceous dolomites of the second member of Permian Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin, Xinjiang, China, and the lateral distribution of secondary porosity zones is predicted using the thermodynamic method. There are three secondary porosity zones in Malang-Tiaohu Sag, formed by reservoir dissolution by the acids including the organic acids generated from decarboxylation of kerogen and the inorganic acids generated from the clay mineral transformations. Gibbs free energy increments of dissolution reactions for different minerals are calculated under various pressures and temperatures to investigate the lateral distribution of secondary porosity zones, combined with litho-facies distribution of the second member of the Lucaogou Formation. Calculation result shows deeply buried dolomite strata are most prone to be dissolved and secondary pores in the second member of the Lucaogou Formation have been formed by tuffaceous dolomites. In general, the most developed secondary porosity zones with favorable tight oil reservoir potentials are located in the central Malang-Tiaohu Sag, overlapped with the high-quality source rocks that are semi-deep to deep lacustrine facies in origin.
The vertical distribution and geological origin of secondary porosity zones have been studied in the tight tuffaceous dolomites of the second member of Permian Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin, Xinjiang, China, and the lateral distribution of secondary porosity zones is predicted using the thermodynamic method. There are three secondary porosity zones in Malang-Tiaohu Sag, formed by reservoir dissolution by the acids including the organic acids generated from decarboxylation of kerogen and the inorganic acids generated from the clay mineral transformations. Gibbs free energy increments of dissolution reactions for different minerals are calculated under various pressures and temperatures to investigate the lateral distribution of secondary porosity zones, combined with litho-facies distribution of the second member of the Lucaogou Formation. Calculation result shows deeply buried dolomite strata are most prone to be dissolved and secondary pores in the second member of the Lucaogou Formation have been formed by tuffaceous dolomites. In general, the most developed secondary porosity zones with favorable tight oil reservoir potentials are located in the central Malang-Tiaohu Sag, overlapped with the high-quality source rocks that are semi-deep to deep lacustrine facies in origin.
引文
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[14]应凤祥,罗平,何东博,等.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:61-76.Ying Fengxiang,Luo Ping,He Dongbo,et al.Diagenesis and numerical modeling in Chinese petroliferous basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:61-76.
[15]冯增昭.中国沉积学[M].二版.北京:石油工业出版社,2013.Feng Zengzhao.Sedimentology of China[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
[16]孟元林,梁世君,李新宁,等.三塘湖盆地芦草沟组沉凝灰岩有机地化特征与生烃机理[R].珠海:第十四届全国有机地球化学学术会议,2013.Meng Yuanlin,Liang Shijun,Li Xinning,et al.Organic chemical characteristics and petroleum generation mechanism of the sedimentary tuff in the Lucaogou Formation of Santanghu Basin[R].Zhuhai:The 14th National Meeting on Organic Geochemistry in China,2013.
[17]Price L C,Barker C E.Suppression of vitrinite reflectance in amorphous rich kerogen:A major unrecognized problem[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1985,8(1):59-84.
[18]郑浚茂,庞明.碎屑储集岩的成岩作用研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989:53-85.Zheng Junmao,Pang Ming.The diagenesis researches of the clastic reservoir rocks[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1989:53-85.
[19]崔黎丽,刘毅敏,刘坤,等.物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:57-62.Cui Lili,Liu Yimin,Liu Kun,et al.Physical chemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011:57-62.
[20]殷辉安.岩石学相平衡[M].北京:地质出版社,1988:78-110.Yin Huian.Petrological phase equilibrium[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988:78-110.
[21]Stefansson A.Dissolution of primary minerals of basalt in natural waters:I.Calculation of mineral solubilities from 0℃to 350℃[J].Chemical Geology,2001,172:225-250.
[22]Helgeson H C,Delany J M,Nesbitt H W,et a1.Summary and critique of the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals[J].American Journal of Science,1978,278A:1-299.
[23]Helgeson H C,Kirkham D H,Flowers G C.Theoretical prediction of the thermodynamic behavior of aqueous electrolytes at high pressures and temperatures:IV.Calculation of activity coefficients,osmotic coefficients,and apparent molal standard and relative partial molal properties to 600℃and 5 kb[J].American Journal of Science,1981,281:1249-1516.
[24]林传仙,白正华,张哲儒.矿物及有关化合物热力学数据手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1-180.Lin Chuanxian,Bai Zhenghua,Zhang Zheru.The thermodynamic data handbook of mineral and related compounds[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:1-180.
[25]王盛鹏.三塘湖盆地致密油地质评价及有利探区[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2013.Wang Shengpeng.The geological evaluation and prospective exploration of tight oil in Santanghu Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Mining&Technology,2013.
[26]柳波.三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系源岩油形成机理与分布规律[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2011.Liu Bo.The formation mechanism and distribution rules of source rock oil in the Malang Sag,Santanghu Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2011.
[27]伍新和,王成善,伊海生,等.新疆三塘湖盆地烃源岩特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(5):511-516.Wu Xinhe,Wang Chengshan,Yi Haisheng,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon source rock in the Santanghu Basin of Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2004,31(5):511-516.
[28]冯乔,柳益群,郝建荣.三塘湖盆地芦草沟组烃源岩及其古环境[J].沉积学报,2004,22(3):513-517.Feng Qiao,Liu Yiqun,Hao Jianrong.The source rock and its palaeo-environment of Lucaogou Formation,Permian in Santanghu Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(3):513-517.
[2]黄志龙,马剑,吴红烛,等.马朗凹陷芦草沟组页岩油流体压力与初次运移特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(5):7-11.Huang Zhilong,Ma Jian,Wu Hongzhu,et al.Fluid pressure and primary migration characteristics of shale oil of Lucaogou formation in Malang sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2012,36(5):7-11.
[3]Bloch S,Lander R H,Bonnell L.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs:Origin and predictability[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(2):301-328.
[4]Ehrenberg S N,Nadeau P H,Steen O A.A megascale view of reservoir quality in producing sandstones from the offshore Gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(2):145-164.
[5]Meng Yuanlin,Liang Hongwei,Meng Fanjin,et al.Distribution and genesis of the anomalously high porosity zones in the middle-shallow horizons of the northern Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Science,2010,7(3):302-310.
[6]肖丽华,孟元林,侯创业,等.松辽盆地升平地区深层成岩作用数值模拟与次生孔隙带预测[J].地质论评,2003,49(5):544-551.Xiao Lihua,Meng Yuanlin,Hou Chuangye,et al.Diagenetic modeling and prediction of secondary pore in deep of the Shengping Area in the Songliao Basin[J].Geological Review,2003,49(5):544-551.
[7]孟元林,高建军,刘德来,等.辽河坳陷鸳鸯沟地区成岩相分析与异常高孔带预测[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(2):227-233.Meng Yuanlin,Gao Jianjun,Liu Delai,et al.Diagenetic facies analysis and anomalously high porosity zone prediction of the Yuanyanggou Area in the Liaohe Depression[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(2):227-233.
[8]孟元林,刘文慧,孟凡晋,等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层异常高孔带分布特征与成因分析[J].古地理学报,2011,13(1):75-84.Meng Yuanlin,Liu Wenhui,Meng Fanjin,et al.Distribution and origin of anomalously high porosity zones of the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression in Songliao Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(1):75-84.
[9]孟元林,丁桂霞,吴河勇,等.松辽盆地北部泉三、四段异常高孔隙带预测[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(4):8-13.Meng Yuanlin,Ding Guixia,Wu Heyong,et al.Prediction of anomalously high porosity zones of K1q3 and K1q4 in Northern Songliao Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2011,35(4):8-13.
[10]蒋凌志,牛嘉玉,张庆昌,等.渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):73-78.Jiang Lingzhi,Niu Jiayu,Zhang Qingchang,et al.Major factors analysis on controlling the formation of favorable reservoir in deep level of Bohai Bay Basin[J].Geological Review,2009,55(1):73-78.
[11]王艳忠,操应长,葸克来.次生孔隙发育带的概念及石油地质意义新认识[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2013,43(3):659-668.Wang Yanzhong,Cao Yingchang,Xi Kelai.New view on the concept of secondary pore developing zones and its significance of petroleum geology[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2013,43(3):659-668.
[12]国建英,钟宁宁,梁浩,等.三塘湖盆地中二叠统原油的来源及其分布特征[J].地球化学,2012,41(3):266-277.Guo Jianying,Zhong Ningning,Liang Hao,et al.Study on the source and distribution of Middle Permian oils in the Santanghu Basin[J].Geochimica,2012,41(3):266-277.
[13]孟元林,修洪文,孟凡晋,等.用泥岩热解资料预测储层次生孔隙发育带[J].天然气工业,2008,28(10):41-43.Meng Yuanlin,Xiu Hongwen,Meng Fanjin,et al.Prediction of secondary pore zone in reservoirs with Rock-Eval data of mudstone[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(10):41-43.
[14]应凤祥,罗平,何东博,等.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:61-76.Ying Fengxiang,Luo Ping,He Dongbo,et al.Diagenesis and numerical modeling in Chinese petroliferous basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:61-76.
[15]冯增昭.中国沉积学[M].二版.北京:石油工业出版社,2013.Feng Zengzhao.Sedimentology of China[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
[16]孟元林,梁世君,李新宁,等.三塘湖盆地芦草沟组沉凝灰岩有机地化特征与生烃机理[R].珠海:第十四届全国有机地球化学学术会议,2013.Meng Yuanlin,Liang Shijun,Li Xinning,et al.Organic chemical characteristics and petroleum generation mechanism of the sedimentary tuff in the Lucaogou Formation of Santanghu Basin[R].Zhuhai:The 14th National Meeting on Organic Geochemistry in China,2013.
[17]Price L C,Barker C E.Suppression of vitrinite reflectance in amorphous rich kerogen:A major unrecognized problem[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1985,8(1):59-84.
[18]郑浚茂,庞明.碎屑储集岩的成岩作用研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989:53-85.Zheng Junmao,Pang Ming.The diagenesis researches of the clastic reservoir rocks[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1989:53-85.
[19]崔黎丽,刘毅敏,刘坤,等.物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:57-62.Cui Lili,Liu Yimin,Liu Kun,et al.Physical chemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011:57-62.
[20]殷辉安.岩石学相平衡[M].北京:地质出版社,1988:78-110.Yin Huian.Petrological phase equilibrium[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988:78-110.
[21]Stefansson A.Dissolution of primary minerals of basalt in natural waters:I.Calculation of mineral solubilities from 0℃to 350℃[J].Chemical Geology,2001,172:225-250.
[22]Helgeson H C,Delany J M,Nesbitt H W,et a1.Summary and critique of the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals[J].American Journal of Science,1978,278A:1-299.
[23]Helgeson H C,Kirkham D H,Flowers G C.Theoretical prediction of the thermodynamic behavior of aqueous electrolytes at high pressures and temperatures:IV.Calculation of activity coefficients,osmotic coefficients,and apparent molal standard and relative partial molal properties to 600℃and 5 kb[J].American Journal of Science,1981,281:1249-1516.
[24]林传仙,白正华,张哲儒.矿物及有关化合物热力学数据手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1-180.Lin Chuanxian,Bai Zhenghua,Zhang Zheru.The thermodynamic data handbook of mineral and related compounds[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:1-180.
[25]王盛鹏.三塘湖盆地致密油地质评价及有利探区[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2013.Wang Shengpeng.The geological evaluation and prospective exploration of tight oil in Santanghu Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Mining&Technology,2013.
[26]柳波.三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系源岩油形成机理与分布规律[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2011.Liu Bo.The formation mechanism and distribution rules of source rock oil in the Malang Sag,Santanghu Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2011.
[27]伍新和,王成善,伊海生,等.新疆三塘湖盆地烃源岩特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(5):511-516.Wu Xinhe,Wang Chengshan,Yi Haisheng,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon source rock in the Santanghu Basin of Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2004,31(5):511-516.
[28]冯乔,柳益群,郝建荣.三塘湖盆地芦草沟组烃源岩及其古环境[J].沉积学报,2004,22(3):513-517.Feng Qiao,Liu Yiqun,Hao Jianrong.The source rock and its palaeo-environment of Lucaogou Formation,Permian in Santanghu Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(3):513-517.