三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组二段混积岩致密油地质特征及勘探潜力
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摘要
依据三塘湖盆地致密油勘探最新资料,对二叠系芦草沟组二段混积岩系统开展了致密油"七性"关系评价。芦二段发育一套新型的优质烃源岩层系,呈楔状分布,厚度大,有机质丰度高、类型好、整体处于生油窗内;芦二段岩性复杂,为一套由陆源碎屑、空落火山灰、碳酸盐3大类按不同比例频繁混积而成的纹层构造混积岩组合;宏观电性特征为低自然伽马、高电阻率;储集层物性非均质性强,基质孔隙以微孔为主,具有特低孔、超低渗的特点,裂缝提供了一定储集空间,对渗流贡献巨大;芦二段含油性好,常规取心分析含油饱和度在15%~80%;芦二段脆性矿物含量高(80%~90%),黏土矿物含量普遍小于10%;岩心敏感实验显示芦二段水敏及速敏差异变化大,酸敏普遍较弱。通过对芦二段的"七性"关系评价,认为这套源储一体的致密油的"成藏"主控因素是烃源岩成熟度和储集层物性,优选出芦草沟组二段有利混积岩致密油"甜点区",即凹陷成熟烃源岩范围内的储集层物性优越区。
Based on the latest exploration data of tight oil, the evaluation of the "seven properties" relation of diamictite tight oil in the second Member of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin was carried out. The second Member of the Lucaogou Formation developed a new suit of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks, which are characterized by wedging distribution, big thickness, high organic content and good organic type, and the overall being in the oil-generating window. Complex in lithology, the second Member of the Lucaogou Formation is a set of laminated structure diamictite combination composed of detrital material of terrigenous origin, dust fall, carbonate rock in variable proportions. With low natural gamma and high electrical resistivity, strong heterogeneity, micropores as main matrix porosity, it has features of ultra-low porosity and extra-low permeability; the fractures in it provide some reservoir space, and make great contribution to permeability. The Member has good oiliness(oil saturation from conventional core analysis is 15%-80%), high content of brittle minerals(80%?90%), clay mineral content of less than 10% in general; core sensitivity test shows that it varies widely in water sensitivity and velocity sensitivity, and is weak in acid sensitivity. Through evaluating the "seven properties" relation, it is concluded that the main control factors of the tight oil layer are the maturity of hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir physical property. The "sweet spots" of diamictite tight oil in the second Member of the Lucaogou Formation were selected, that is, the areas with favorable reservoir physical properties in the mature hydrocarbon source rock of the sag.
Based on the latest exploration data of tight oil, the evaluation of the "seven properties" relation of diamictite tight oil in the second Member of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin was carried out. The second Member of the Lucaogou Formation developed a new suit of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks, which are characterized by wedging distribution, big thickness, high organic content and good organic type, and the overall being in the oil-generating window. Complex in lithology, the second Member of the Lucaogou Formation is a set of laminated structure diamictite combination composed of detrital material of terrigenous origin, dust fall, carbonate rock in variable proportions. With low natural gamma and high electrical resistivity, strong heterogeneity, micropores as main matrix porosity, it has features of ultra-low porosity and extra-low permeability; the fractures in it provide some reservoir space, and make great contribution to permeability. The Member has good oiliness(oil saturation from conventional core analysis is 15%-80%), high content of brittle minerals(80%?90%), clay mineral content of less than 10% in general; core sensitivity test shows that it varies widely in water sensitivity and velocity sensitivity, and is weak in acid sensitivity. Through evaluating the "seven properties" relation, it is concluded that the main control factors of the tight oil layer are the maturity of hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir physical property. The "sweet spots" of diamictite tight oil in the second Member of the Lucaogou Formation were selected, that is, the areas with favorable reservoir physical properties in the mature hydrocarbon source rock of the sag.
引文
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[2]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.致密油与页岩油内涵、特征、潜力及挑战[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(1):3-17.Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,et al.Significance,geologic characteristics,resource potential and future challenges of tight oil and shale oil[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2015,34(1):3-17.
[3]梁浩,李新宁,马强,等.三塘湖盆地条湖组致密油地质特征及勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):563-572.Liang Hao,Li Xinning,Ma Qiang,et al.Geological features and exploration potential of Permian Tiaohu formation tight oil,Santanghu Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):563-572.
[4]孟元林,梁世君,李新宁,等.三塘湖盆地芦草沟组沉凝灰岩有机地化特征与生烃机理[R].珠海:第十四届全国有机地球化学学术会议,2013.Meng Yuanlin,Liang Shijun,Li Xinning,et al.Organic chemical characteristics and petroleum generation mechanism of the sedimentary tuff in the Lucaogou Formation of Santanghu Basin[R].Zhuhai:The14th National Meeting on Organic Geochemistry in China,2013.
[5]朱国华,张杰,姚根顺,等.沉火山尘凝灰岩:一种赋存油气资源的重要岩类:以新疆北部中二叠统芦草沟组为例[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(1):1-7.Zhu Guohua,Zhang Jie,Yao Genshun,et al.Sedimentary volcanic dust tuff,an important kind of rock storing hydrocarbon resources:Discussion on the lithology of middle Permian Lucaogou oil-bearing rocks in the north of Xinjiang[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(1):1-7.
[6]尤继元.三塘湖盆地中二叠世沉积相及沉积环境研究[D].西安:西北大学,2011.You Jiyuan.Study on sedimentary facies and sedimentary environment in mid-Permian,Santanghu Basin[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2011.
[7]Zhao H,Givens N B,Curtis B.Thermal maturity of the Barnett shale determined from well-log analysis[J].AAPG,2007,91(4):535-549.
[8]李吉君,史颖琳,章新文,等.页岩油富集可采主控因素分析:以泌阳凹陷为例[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2014,39(7):848-857.Li Jijun,Shi Yinglin,Zhang Xinwen,et al.Control factors of enrichment and producibility of shale oil:A case study of Biyang Depression[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(7):848-857.
[9]Glumac B,Walker K R.Carbonate deposition and sequence stratigraphy of the terminal Cambrian grand cycle in the southern Appalachians[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70(4):952-963.
[10]张锋,敬章龙,崔娥.马朗凹陷上二叠统芦草沟组储层裂缝特征[J].吐哈油气,2002,7(2):124-129.Zhang Feng,Jing Zhanglong,Cui E.The fracture characteristics of the Permian Lucaogou formation,Malang Sag[J].Tuha Oil and Gas,2002,7(2):124-129.
[11]孟元林,祝恒东,李新宁.白云岩溶蚀的热力学分析与次生孔隙带预测:以三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组二段致密凝灰质白云岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):690-696.Meng Yuanlin,Zhu Hengdong,Li Xinning.Thermodynamic analyses of dolomite dissolution and prediction of the secondary porosity zones:A case study of tight tuffaceous dolomites of the second member,Permian Lucaogou formation reservoir,Santanghu Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):690-696.
[12]王晓琦,孙亮,朱如凯,等.利用电子束荷电效应评价致密储集层储集空间:以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(4):472-480.Wang Xiaoqi,Sun Liang,Zhu Rukai,et al.Application of charging effects in evaluating storage space of tight reservoirs:A case study from Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar sag,Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(4):472-480.
[13]蒲秀刚,周立宏,韩文中,等.歧口凹陷沙一下亚段斜坡区重力流沉积与致密油勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):138-149.Pu Xiugang,Zhou Lihong,Han Wenzhong,et al.Gravity flow sedimentation and tight oil exploration in lower first member of Shahejie Formation in slope area of Qikou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):138-149.