中国北方白桦自然群体比较选择及子代测定
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摘要
以中国北方分布的白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)自然群体及其子代测定林为对象,采用固定标准地定位观测的方法,基于群体选择、变异分析和遗传效应评价,探讨自然群体及其子代树高、胸径和冠幅等性状的遗传变异,系统分析生长性状的遗传力和遗传增益,并从中选择生长势、抗逆性和适应能力兼优的群体或个体.结果表明:中国北方白桦自然群体间的生长性状存在极显著差异,树高变异最小,冠幅变异较大,胸径变异最大,平均变异系数分别为20.56%,32.25%和33.00%,且群体内子代间性状差异极显著.白桦生长性状受遗传基因的控制程度较强,遗传增益较大,树高、胸径和冠幅的遗传力分别为0.971,0.816和0.576,遗传增益分别为15.97%,21.54%和13.87%,因此,以生长性状为主要评价指标,兼顾各种影响因素,确定山西群体(SX)、河北群体(HB)和辽宁群体(LN)为优异群体,LN305,SX516和HB403为优良个体,可广泛应用于多世代遗传改良育种中.
The natural population and its forest of progenies were regarded as objects by using positional observation method of fixed standard fields,this thesis performed on discussing the genetic variation of the tree height,DBH and its crown breath from the natural populations and its progenies,and analyzing systematically the heritability and the genetic gains in quantity characters,and electing the superior populations or individual which had excellent growth potential,resistance and adaptability on the basis of selection of populations,the analysis of genetic variation and evaluation on its heredity effects. The research results showed that there were greatly significant difference on the quantitative characters among the natural populations of Betula platyphylla in the northern China,and the coefficient of variance from the tree height( 20. 56%) were smallest followed by its crown breath( 32. 25%),but its DBH( 33. 00%) were largest. On the other hand,there was greatly significant difference among its progenies on the tree height,DBH and crown breath within natural populations. Meanwhile,the growth characters had strong heritability,high genetic gain and remarkable heredity effects. The heritability of tree height,DBH and its crown breath were 0. 971,0. 816 and 0. 576,and the genetic gain were 15. 97%,21. 54% and 13. 87%,respectively. Therefore,SX,HB and LN were determined to be excellent natural populations,and LN305,SX516 and HB403 were determined to be excellent individuals,which were applied in the advanced generation improvement breeding.
The natural population and its forest of progenies were regarded as objects by using positional observation method of fixed standard fields,this thesis performed on discussing the genetic variation of the tree height,DBH and its crown breath from the natural populations and its progenies,and analyzing systematically the heritability and the genetic gains in quantity characters,and electing the superior populations or individual which had excellent growth potential,resistance and adaptability on the basis of selection of populations,the analysis of genetic variation and evaluation on its heredity effects. The research results showed that there were greatly significant difference on the quantitative characters among the natural populations of Betula platyphylla in the northern China,and the coefficient of variance from the tree height( 20. 56%) were smallest followed by its crown breath( 32. 25%),but its DBH( 33. 00%) were largest. On the other hand,there was greatly significant difference among its progenies on the tree height,DBH and crown breath within natural populations. Meanwhile,the growth characters had strong heritability,high genetic gain and remarkable heredity effects. The heritability of tree height,DBH and its crown breath were 0. 971,0. 816 and 0. 576,and the genetic gain were 15. 97%,21. 54% and 13. 87%,respectively. Therefore,SX,HB and LN were determined to be excellent natural populations,and LN305,SX516 and HB403 were determined to be excellent individuals,which were applied in the advanced generation improvement breeding.
引文
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[3]刘桂丰,蒋学彬,刘吉春,等.白桦多点种源试验联合分析[J].东北林业大学学报,1999,27(5):9-14.
[4]朱翔,刘桂丰,杨传平,等.白桦种源区划及优良种源的初步选择[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(5):11-14.
[5]姜静,杨传平,刘桂丰,等.利用RAPD标记技术对白桦种源遗传变异的分析及种源区划[J].植物研究,2001,21(1):126-130.
[6]刘欣欣,惠楠.白桦种源与子代生长性状的遗传变异与早期初步选择[J].林业科技,2004,29(6):6-7,23.
[7]祝泽兵,刘桂丰,姜静,等.小兴安岭地区白桦纸浆材优良家系选择[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(11):1-3.
[8]宁坤,刘笑平,林永红,等.白桦子代遗传变异与纸浆材优良种质选择[J].植物研究,2015,35(1):39-46.
[9]高玉池.白桦种源遗传多样性研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010.
[10]张晓磊.利用RAPD,ISSR,SRAP标记方法对白桦遗传多样性的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2011.
[11]詹亚光,曾凡锁,李彩华.转基因白桦的遗传变异分析[J].中国生物工程杂志,2005,25(1):59-64.
[12]贾洪柏.白桦天然种群材质性状的变异与遗传相关[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2005.
[13]兰士波,罗旭,罗玉亮.天然杨桦林的生长进程[J].东北林业大学学报,2005,33(5):9-12.
[14]兰士波.小兴安岭山杨白桦次生林高效经营技术研究与示范[J].中国科技成果,2011(24):76,78.
[15]兰士波.东北白桦遗传效应分析与优异群体选择[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(20):8505-8507,8511.
[16]余建英,何旭宏.数据统计分析与SPSS应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003:148-154.
[17]胡延吉.植物育种学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:122-125.
[18]沈熙环.林木育种学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990:54-65.
[19]兰士波.水曲柳自然群体子代测定及优异群体选择[J].林业世界,2016,5(3):21-31.