行为振荡:揭示心理过程动态变化的新现象
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摘要
行为振荡是心理加工过程中行为反应表现出的周期性动态变化现象,其研究方法主要包含以下3个构成因素:重置相位事件、重置事件和目标刺激时间间隔的周期性变化、目标刺激.在注意与知觉领域,研究发现其加工过程出现alpha节律和theta节律的行为振荡现象,为注意和知觉过程的动态变化理论提供了有效的证据补充与支持.同时,注意过程中的行为振荡与神经振荡同源于神经元抑制作用以及知觉过程中后者相位信息对行为反应结果的预测作用,揭示了心理加工过程中内在机制与外在表现相互影响、同步变化的现象.本文首先介绍了行为振荡现象研究方法的构成因素,随后梳理了近年来注意与知觉领域中的相关研究,讨论了其与神经振荡的关系.最后基于行为振荡能够揭示心理加工过程的动态变化这一特性,提出未来一些可能的研究方向.
Recently, psychologists have found the regular and repetitive activities during individuals' behavioral responses, which is called behavioral oscillation. Behavioral oscillation is dynamic changes of mental processes and might become a new indicator for researchers to explore the time courses of human's mental processing. Traditional behavioral approaches cannot describe behavioral oscillation well until a method with the following three factors was established: reset phase event, periodic changed time interval and target stimulus. These factors can amplify the oscillation of mental processes at behavioral level. Firstly, the reset phase event, as a time reference, restarts the mental process and the corresponding neuron activities before each target stimulus occurs. Secondly, the periodic changed time interval refers to the time variations between the reset phase event and the target stimuli. It provides high temporal resolution for the behavioral experiments and presents the rhythmic target stimuli to simulate real environment as much as possible. Finally, the target stimulus can be used for probing the oscillating state of the mental processes by analyzing individuals' responses. Researchers have already used the above methods to explore behavioral oscillation of mental processes. Then, the current review discussed behavioral oscillation during the processes of attention and perception. Behavioral oscillation during attention processing did reveal the attention's rhythm. And space-based attentional selection and object-based attentional selection have the same rhythm(i.e., alpha rhythm). Besides, theta rhythm has been confirmed for the attention transfer processing. Behavioral oscillation during perception such as the simple visual searching, perceptual integration and separation could all be found along with the corresponding alpha and theta rhythms. And there is an inverse phase relationship between the rhythms of the integration and separation processes. Therefore, behavioral oscillation leads to further understanding for mental processing mechanism, which approved the dynamic of mental processing and provided new evidences to support relevant theories. Behavioral oscillation and neural oscillation are both rhythmic patterns of mental processing. Although some studies have shown some connections between them, there is no direct evidences to support neural oscillation underlying the behavioral oscillation. To build a bridge between behavior and brain, researchers should explore the relationship between behavioral oscillation and neural oscillation. Evidences from the attention processing suggest that behavioral oscillation and neural oscillation might be the two manifestations for mental dynamic processes at the behavioral and neural level. The mutual inhibition between neurons caused by the attentional selection processes leads to the generation of neural oscillation. And inhibiting the return in attention processing leads to rhythmic attentional selection by reducing the neuron activities. Thus, the neuron suppression may lead to the oscillations of behavior responses as well as neuron responses, namely two sides of a coin. The conclusion is also supported by the perceptual researches. What researchers found is the significant correlation between the phases of behavioral oscillation and neural oscillation. And the neural oscillation's phase could also predict the behavioral responses, which suggested that neural oscillations and behavioral oscillations might have the same origins and organizational bases. This paper specifically described the behavioral oscillation and discussed possible directions for future behavioral oscillation researches. First, it is necessary to explore the relationship between behavioral oscillations and neural oscillations. Second, behavioral oscillations might provide new indicators for cognitive impairment group's diagnosis. Totally, exploring behavioral oscillations in mental processes could help researchers to further understand humans' cognition.
Recently, psychologists have found the regular and repetitive activities during individuals' behavioral responses, which is called behavioral oscillation. Behavioral oscillation is dynamic changes of mental processes and might become a new indicator for researchers to explore the time courses of human's mental processing. Traditional behavioral approaches cannot describe behavioral oscillation well until a method with the following three factors was established: reset phase event, periodic changed time interval and target stimulus. These factors can amplify the oscillation of mental processes at behavioral level. Firstly, the reset phase event, as a time reference, restarts the mental process and the corresponding neuron activities before each target stimulus occurs. Secondly, the periodic changed time interval refers to the time variations between the reset phase event and the target stimuli. It provides high temporal resolution for the behavioral experiments and presents the rhythmic target stimuli to simulate real environment as much as possible. Finally, the target stimulus can be used for probing the oscillating state of the mental processes by analyzing individuals' responses. Researchers have already used the above methods to explore behavioral oscillation of mental processes. Then, the current review discussed behavioral oscillation during the processes of attention and perception. Behavioral oscillation during attention processing did reveal the attention's rhythm. And space-based attentional selection and object-based attentional selection have the same rhythm(i.e., alpha rhythm). Besides, theta rhythm has been confirmed for the attention transfer processing. Behavioral oscillation during perception such as the simple visual searching, perceptual integration and separation could all be found along with the corresponding alpha and theta rhythms. And there is an inverse phase relationship between the rhythms of the integration and separation processes. Therefore, behavioral oscillation leads to further understanding for mental processing mechanism, which approved the dynamic of mental processing and provided new evidences to support relevant theories. Behavioral oscillation and neural oscillation are both rhythmic patterns of mental processing. Although some studies have shown some connections between them, there is no direct evidences to support neural oscillation underlying the behavioral oscillation. To build a bridge between behavior and brain, researchers should explore the relationship between behavioral oscillation and neural oscillation. Evidences from the attention processing suggest that behavioral oscillation and neural oscillation might be the two manifestations for mental dynamic processes at the behavioral and neural level. The mutual inhibition between neurons caused by the attentional selection processes leads to the generation of neural oscillation. And inhibiting the return in attention processing leads to rhythmic attentional selection by reducing the neuron activities. Thus, the neuron suppression may lead to the oscillations of behavior responses as well as neuron responses, namely two sides of a coin. The conclusion is also supported by the perceptual researches. What researchers found is the significant correlation between the phases of behavioral oscillation and neural oscillation. And the neural oscillation's phase could also predict the behavioral responses, which suggested that neural oscillations and behavioral oscillations might have the same origins and organizational bases. This paper specifically described the behavioral oscillation and discussed possible directions for future behavioral oscillation researches. First, it is necessary to explore the relationship between behavioral oscillations and neural oscillations. Second, behavioral oscillations might provide new indicators for cognitive impairment group's diagnosis. Totally, exploring behavioral oscillations in mental processes could help researchers to further understand humans' cognition.
引文
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2 Wan X H,Lu X F.Diagnostics(in Chinese).Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,2013[万学红,卢雪峰.诊断学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013]
3 Venables P H.Periodicity in reaction time.Br J Psychol,1960,51:37-43
4 Latour P L.Evidence of internal clocks in the human operator.Acta Psychol,1967,27:341-348
5 Womelsdorf T,Fries P,Mitra P P,et al.Gamma-band synchronization in visual cortex predicts speed of change detection.Nature,2006,439:733-736
6 Wang Y,Luo H.Behavioral oscillation in face priming:Prediction about face identity is updated at a theta-band rhythm.Prog Brain Res,2017,236:211-224
7 Huang Y,Chen L,Luo H.Behavioral oscillation in priming:Competing perceptual predictions conveyed in alternating theta-band rhythms.J Neurosci,2015,35:2830-2837
8 Song K,Meng M,Chen L,et al.Behavioral oscillations in attention:Rhythmicαpulses mediated throughθband.J Neurosci,2014,34:4837-4844
9 Ren D D,Luo W,Wang B,et al.A case of dopamine dysfunction syndrome with serotonin syndrome(in Chinese).Chin J Neurol,2012,45:286-287[任冬冬,罗巍,王波,等.多巴胺失调综合征伴5-羟色胺综合征一例.中华神经科杂志,2012,45:286-287]
10 Peng Y L.General Psychology(in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2012[彭聃龄.普通心理学.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2012]
11 DuguéL,VanRullen R.The dynamics of attentional sampling during visual search revealed by fourier analysis of periodic noise interference.J Vision,2014,14:109
12 VanRullen R.Perceptual cycles.Trends Cogn Sci,2016,20:723-735
13 Landau A N,Fries P.Attention samples stimuli rhythmically.Curr Biol,2012,22:1000-1004
14 Mathewson K E,Fabiani M,Gratton G,et al.Rescuing stimuli from invisibility:Inducing a momentary release from visual masking with pre-target entrainment.Cognition,2010,115:186-191
15 Lakatos P,Karmos G,Mehta A D,et al.Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection.Science,2008,320:110-113
16 Zhang X,Yuan P J,Wang Y,et al.Neural entrainment and perception(in Chinese).Prog Biochem Biophys,2016,43:308-315[张雪,袁佩君,王莹,等.知觉相关的神经振荡-外界节律同步化现象.生物化学与生物物理进展,2016,43:308-315]
17 Buschman T J,Kastner S.From behavior to neural dynamics:An integrated theory of attention.Neuron,2015,88:127-144
18 Zhu X.Experimental Psychology(in Chinese).Beijing:Peking University Press,2014[朱滢.实验心理学.北京:北京大学出版社,2014]
19 White C T.Temporal numerosity and the psychological unit of duration.Psychol Monogr,1963,77:1-37
20 Posner M I.Orienting of attention.Quart J Exp Psychol,1980,32:3-25
21 Remington R,Pierce L.Moving attention:Evidence for time-invariant shifts of visual selective attention.Percept Psychol,1984,35:393-399
22 Schroeder C E,Lakatos P.Low-frequency neuronal oscillations as instruments of sensory selection.Trends Cogn Sci,2009,32:9-18
23 Mirzaei A,Kumar A,Leventhal D,et al.Sensorimotor processing in the basal ganglia leads to transient beta oscillations during behavior.J Neurosci,2017,37:11220-11232
24 Rohenkohl G,Coull J T,Nobre A C.Behavioural dissociation between exogenous and endogenous temporal orienting of attention.PLoSOne,2011,6:e14620
25 Simoncelli E P,Olshausen B A.Natural image statistics and neural representation.Ann Rev Neurosci,2001,24:1193-1216
26 Mathewson K E,Gratton G,Fabiani M,et al.To see or not to see:Prestimulus alpha phase predicts visual awareness.J Neurosci,2009,29:2725-2732
27 Han B,VanRullen R.The rhythms of predictive coding?Pre-stimulus phase modulates the influence of shape perception on luminance judgments.Sci Rep,2017,7:43573
28 Neuling T,Rach S,Wagner S,et al.Good vibrations:Oscillatory phase shapes perception.NeuroImage,2012,63:771-778
29 Drewes J,VanRullen R.This is the rhythm of your eyes:The phase of ongoing electroencephalogram oscillations modulates saccadic reaction time.J Neurosci,2011,31:4698-4708
30 Ronconi L,Melcher D.The role of oscillatory phase in determining the temporal organization of perception:Evidence from sensory entrainment.J Neurosci,2017,37:10636-10644
31 James W C.Principles of Psychology.Hoboken:John Wiley&Sons Inc,1984
32 Zimbardo P G,Johnson R L,McCann V,et al.Psychology:Core Concepts.New York:Pearson Education US,2006
33 Sauseng P.Brain oscillations:Phase-locked EEG alpha controls perception.Curr Biol,2012,22:R306-R308
34 Treisman A M,Treisman A.A feature-integration theory of attention.Cogn Psychol,1980,12:97-146
35 Moore C M,Wolfe J M.Getting beyond the serial/parallel debate in visual search:A hybrid approach.In:The limits of attention:Temporal constraints on human information processing.New York:Oxford University Press,2001.178-198
36 VanRullen R,Carlson T,Cavanagh P.The blinking spotlight of attention.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104:19204-19209
37 Fiebelkorn I C,Saalmann Y B,Kastner S.Rhythmic sampling within and between objects despite sustained attention at a cued location.Curr Biol,2013,23:2553-2558
38 Landau A N,Schreyer H M,van Pelt S,et al.Distributed attention is implemented through theta-rhythmic gamma modulation.Curr Biol,2015,25:2332-2337
39 DuguéL,Mclelland D,Lajous M,et al.Attention searches nonuniformly in space and in time.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2015,112:15214-15219
40 White C T,Cheatham P G,Armington J C.Temporal numerosity.II.Evidence for central factors influencing perceived number.J Exp Psychol,1953,46:283-287
41 Macdonald J S,Cavanagh P,VanRullen R.Attentional sampling of multiple wagon wheels.Atten Percept Psychophys,2014,76:64-72
42 VanRullen R,Reddy L,Koch C.Attention-driven discrete sampling of motion perception.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2005,102:5291-5296
43 de Graaf T A,Gross J,Paterson G,et al.Alpha-band rhythms in visual task performance:Phase-locking by rhythmic sensory stimulation.PLoS One,2013,8:e60035
44 Blais C,Arguin M,Gosselin F.Human visual processing oscillates:Evidence from a classification image technique.Cognition,2013,128:353-362
45 Benedetto A,Spinelli D,Morrone M C.Rhythmic modulation of visual contrast discrimination triggered by action.Proc R Soc B,2016,283,pii:20160692
46 Andreas W,Evelyn M,van Koningsbruggen M G,et al.Temporal integration windows in neural processing and perception aligned to saccadic eye movements.Curr Biol,2016,26:1659-1668
47 Buzsaki G.Rhythms of the Brain.New York:Oxford University Press,2006
48 Jia J,Liu L,Fang F,et al.Sequential sampling of visual objects during sustained attention.PLoS Biol,2017,15:e2001903
49 Korotkova T,Ponomarenko A,Monaghan C K,et al.Reconciling the different faces of hippocampal theta:The role of theta oscillations in cognitive,emotional and innate behaviors.Neurosci Biobehav Rev,2017,37:11220-11232
50 Feng W,St?rmer V S,Martinez A,et al.Involuntary orienting of attention to a sound desynchronizes the occipital alpha rhythm and improves visual perception.NeuroImage,2017,150:318-328
51 Busch N A,VanRullen R.Spontaneous EEG oscillations reveal periodic sampling of visual attention.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2010,107:16048-16053
52 Klein R M.Inhibition of return.Trends Cogn Sci,2000,4:138-147
53 Haegens S,H?ndel B F,Jensen O.Top-down controlled alpha band activity in somatosensory areas determines behavioral performance in a discrimination task.J Neurosci,2011,31:5197-5207
54 Sherman M T,Kanai R,Seth A K,et al.Rhythmic influence of top-down perceptual priors in the phase of prestimulus occipital alpha oscillations.J Cogn Neurosci,2016,28:1318-1330
55 Busch N A,Dubois J,VanRullen R.The phase of ongoing EEG oscillations predicts visual perception.J Neurosci,2014,29:7869-7876
56 Monto S,Palva S,Voipio J,et al.Very slow EEG fluctuations predict the dynamics of stimulus detection and oscillation amplitudes in humans.J Neurosci,2008,28:8268-8272
57 DuguéL,Marque P,VanRullen R.The phase of ongoing oscillations mediates the causal relation between brain excitation and visual perception.J Neurosci,2011,31:11889-11893
58 VanRullen R,Dubois J.The psychophysics of brain rhythms.Front Psychol,2011,2:203
59 DuguéL,Roberts M,Carrasco M.Attention reorients periodically.Curr Biol,2016,26:1595-1601
60 Sankaraleengam A,Schmidt S L,Jérémie L,et al.Modulation of cortical oscillations by low-frequency direct cortical stimulation is state-dependent.PLoS Biol,2016,14:e1002424
61 Uhlhaas P J,Roux F,Rodriguez E,et al.Neural synchrony and the development of cortical networks.Trends Cogn Sci,2010,14:72-80
62 Weinreich A,Stephani T,Schubert T.Emotion effects within frontal alpha oscillation in a picture oddball paradigm.Int J Psychophys,2016,110:200-206
63 Balconi M.Frontal brain oscillation modulation in facial emotion comprehension:The role of reward and inhibitory systems in subliminal and supraliminal processing.J Cogn Psychol,2011,23:723-735
64 Chien J H,Colloca L,Korzeniewska A,et al.Oscillatory eeg activity induced by conditioning stimuli during fear conditioning reflects salience and valence of these stimuli more than expectancy.Neuroscience,2017,346:81-93
2 Wan X H,Lu X F.Diagnostics(in Chinese).Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,2013[万学红,卢雪峰.诊断学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013]
3 Venables P H.Periodicity in reaction time.Br J Psychol,1960,51:37-43
4 Latour P L.Evidence of internal clocks in the human operator.Acta Psychol,1967,27:341-348
5 Womelsdorf T,Fries P,Mitra P P,et al.Gamma-band synchronization in visual cortex predicts speed of change detection.Nature,2006,439:733-736
6 Wang Y,Luo H.Behavioral oscillation in face priming:Prediction about face identity is updated at a theta-band rhythm.Prog Brain Res,2017,236:211-224
7 Huang Y,Chen L,Luo H.Behavioral oscillation in priming:Competing perceptual predictions conveyed in alternating theta-band rhythms.J Neurosci,2015,35:2830-2837
8 Song K,Meng M,Chen L,et al.Behavioral oscillations in attention:Rhythmicαpulses mediated throughθband.J Neurosci,2014,34:4837-4844
9 Ren D D,Luo W,Wang B,et al.A case of dopamine dysfunction syndrome with serotonin syndrome(in Chinese).Chin J Neurol,2012,45:286-287[任冬冬,罗巍,王波,等.多巴胺失调综合征伴5-羟色胺综合征一例.中华神经科杂志,2012,45:286-287]
10 Peng Y L.General Psychology(in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2012[彭聃龄.普通心理学.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2012]
11 DuguéL,VanRullen R.The dynamics of attentional sampling during visual search revealed by fourier analysis of periodic noise interference.J Vision,2014,14:109
12 VanRullen R.Perceptual cycles.Trends Cogn Sci,2016,20:723-735
13 Landau A N,Fries P.Attention samples stimuli rhythmically.Curr Biol,2012,22:1000-1004
14 Mathewson K E,Fabiani M,Gratton G,et al.Rescuing stimuli from invisibility:Inducing a momentary release from visual masking with pre-target entrainment.Cognition,2010,115:186-191
15 Lakatos P,Karmos G,Mehta A D,et al.Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection.Science,2008,320:110-113
16 Zhang X,Yuan P J,Wang Y,et al.Neural entrainment and perception(in Chinese).Prog Biochem Biophys,2016,43:308-315[张雪,袁佩君,王莹,等.知觉相关的神经振荡-外界节律同步化现象.生物化学与生物物理进展,2016,43:308-315]
17 Buschman T J,Kastner S.From behavior to neural dynamics:An integrated theory of attention.Neuron,2015,88:127-144
18 Zhu X.Experimental Psychology(in Chinese).Beijing:Peking University Press,2014[朱滢.实验心理学.北京:北京大学出版社,2014]
19 White C T.Temporal numerosity and the psychological unit of duration.Psychol Monogr,1963,77:1-37
20 Posner M I.Orienting of attention.Quart J Exp Psychol,1980,32:3-25
21 Remington R,Pierce L.Moving attention:Evidence for time-invariant shifts of visual selective attention.Percept Psychol,1984,35:393-399
22 Schroeder C E,Lakatos P.Low-frequency neuronal oscillations as instruments of sensory selection.Trends Cogn Sci,2009,32:9-18
23 Mirzaei A,Kumar A,Leventhal D,et al.Sensorimotor processing in the basal ganglia leads to transient beta oscillations during behavior.J Neurosci,2017,37:11220-11232
24 Rohenkohl G,Coull J T,Nobre A C.Behavioural dissociation between exogenous and endogenous temporal orienting of attention.PLoSOne,2011,6:e14620
25 Simoncelli E P,Olshausen B A.Natural image statistics and neural representation.Ann Rev Neurosci,2001,24:1193-1216
26 Mathewson K E,Gratton G,Fabiani M,et al.To see or not to see:Prestimulus alpha phase predicts visual awareness.J Neurosci,2009,29:2725-2732
27 Han B,VanRullen R.The rhythms of predictive coding?Pre-stimulus phase modulates the influence of shape perception on luminance judgments.Sci Rep,2017,7:43573
28 Neuling T,Rach S,Wagner S,et al.Good vibrations:Oscillatory phase shapes perception.NeuroImage,2012,63:771-778
29 Drewes J,VanRullen R.This is the rhythm of your eyes:The phase of ongoing electroencephalogram oscillations modulates saccadic reaction time.J Neurosci,2011,31:4698-4708
30 Ronconi L,Melcher D.The role of oscillatory phase in determining the temporal organization of perception:Evidence from sensory entrainment.J Neurosci,2017,37:10636-10644
31 James W C.Principles of Psychology.Hoboken:John Wiley&Sons Inc,1984
32 Zimbardo P G,Johnson R L,McCann V,et al.Psychology:Core Concepts.New York:Pearson Education US,2006
33 Sauseng P.Brain oscillations:Phase-locked EEG alpha controls perception.Curr Biol,2012,22:R306-R308
34 Treisman A M,Treisman A.A feature-integration theory of attention.Cogn Psychol,1980,12:97-146
35 Moore C M,Wolfe J M.Getting beyond the serial/parallel debate in visual search:A hybrid approach.In:The limits of attention:Temporal constraints on human information processing.New York:Oxford University Press,2001.178-198
36 VanRullen R,Carlson T,Cavanagh P.The blinking spotlight of attention.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104:19204-19209
37 Fiebelkorn I C,Saalmann Y B,Kastner S.Rhythmic sampling within and between objects despite sustained attention at a cued location.Curr Biol,2013,23:2553-2558
38 Landau A N,Schreyer H M,van Pelt S,et al.Distributed attention is implemented through theta-rhythmic gamma modulation.Curr Biol,2015,25:2332-2337
39 DuguéL,Mclelland D,Lajous M,et al.Attention searches nonuniformly in space and in time.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2015,112:15214-15219
40 White C T,Cheatham P G,Armington J C.Temporal numerosity.II.Evidence for central factors influencing perceived number.J Exp Psychol,1953,46:283-287
41 Macdonald J S,Cavanagh P,VanRullen R.Attentional sampling of multiple wagon wheels.Atten Percept Psychophys,2014,76:64-72
42 VanRullen R,Reddy L,Koch C.Attention-driven discrete sampling of motion perception.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2005,102:5291-5296
43 de Graaf T A,Gross J,Paterson G,et al.Alpha-band rhythms in visual task performance:Phase-locking by rhythmic sensory stimulation.PLoS One,2013,8:e60035
44 Blais C,Arguin M,Gosselin F.Human visual processing oscillates:Evidence from a classification image technique.Cognition,2013,128:353-362
45 Benedetto A,Spinelli D,Morrone M C.Rhythmic modulation of visual contrast discrimination triggered by action.Proc R Soc B,2016,283,pii:20160692
46 Andreas W,Evelyn M,van Koningsbruggen M G,et al.Temporal integration windows in neural processing and perception aligned to saccadic eye movements.Curr Biol,2016,26:1659-1668
47 Buzsaki G.Rhythms of the Brain.New York:Oxford University Press,2006
48 Jia J,Liu L,Fang F,et al.Sequential sampling of visual objects during sustained attention.PLoS Biol,2017,15:e2001903
49 Korotkova T,Ponomarenko A,Monaghan C K,et al.Reconciling the different faces of hippocampal theta:The role of theta oscillations in cognitive,emotional and innate behaviors.Neurosci Biobehav Rev,2017,37:11220-11232
50 Feng W,St?rmer V S,Martinez A,et al.Involuntary orienting of attention to a sound desynchronizes the occipital alpha rhythm and improves visual perception.NeuroImage,2017,150:318-328
51 Busch N A,VanRullen R.Spontaneous EEG oscillations reveal periodic sampling of visual attention.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2010,107:16048-16053
52 Klein R M.Inhibition of return.Trends Cogn Sci,2000,4:138-147
53 Haegens S,H?ndel B F,Jensen O.Top-down controlled alpha band activity in somatosensory areas determines behavioral performance in a discrimination task.J Neurosci,2011,31:5197-5207
54 Sherman M T,Kanai R,Seth A K,et al.Rhythmic influence of top-down perceptual priors in the phase of prestimulus occipital alpha oscillations.J Cogn Neurosci,2016,28:1318-1330
55 Busch N A,Dubois J,VanRullen R.The phase of ongoing EEG oscillations predicts visual perception.J Neurosci,2014,29:7869-7876
56 Monto S,Palva S,Voipio J,et al.Very slow EEG fluctuations predict the dynamics of stimulus detection and oscillation amplitudes in humans.J Neurosci,2008,28:8268-8272
57 DuguéL,Marque P,VanRullen R.The phase of ongoing oscillations mediates the causal relation between brain excitation and visual perception.J Neurosci,2011,31:11889-11893
58 VanRullen R,Dubois J.The psychophysics of brain rhythms.Front Psychol,2011,2:203
59 DuguéL,Roberts M,Carrasco M.Attention reorients periodically.Curr Biol,2016,26:1595-1601
60 Sankaraleengam A,Schmidt S L,Jérémie L,et al.Modulation of cortical oscillations by low-frequency direct cortical stimulation is state-dependent.PLoS Biol,2016,14:e1002424
61 Uhlhaas P J,Roux F,Rodriguez E,et al.Neural synchrony and the development of cortical networks.Trends Cogn Sci,2010,14:72-80
62 Weinreich A,Stephani T,Schubert T.Emotion effects within frontal alpha oscillation in a picture oddball paradigm.Int J Psychophys,2016,110:200-206
63 Balconi M.Frontal brain oscillation modulation in facial emotion comprehension:The role of reward and inhibitory systems in subliminal and supraliminal processing.J Cogn Psychol,2011,23:723-735
64 Chien J H,Colloca L,Korzeniewska A,et al.Oscillatory eeg activity induced by conditioning stimuli during fear conditioning reflects salience and valence of these stimuli more than expectancy.Neuroscience,2017,346:81-93