基于Perlin噪声的花卉仿真方法
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摘要
花卉植物具有复杂的形态结构和生理特性,传统的欧式几何难以表现其几何造型.为满足花卉建模的高效性和真实感,提出一种基于Perlin噪声的花卉仿真方法.通过Catmull-Rom样条曲线绘制叶片和花瓣的草图轮廓,利用二维Perlin噪声生成草图的深度值,用噪声x轴和y轴缩放参数控制叶片和花瓣的卷曲程度,实现了通用、高效的片状器官三维重建.同时,采用Vogel模型构建花卉的形态结构,引入基于双向反射分布函数(bidirectional reflectance distribution function,BRDF)的物理光照渲染真实感.与分形几何、Bézier曲面的对比分析结果表明,该方法在绘制草图时使用控制点少、建模效率高,且花卉模型仿真度高,渲染光照真实感强.
Flowers have complex morphological structures and physiological characteristic,and traditional Euclidean geometry is difficult to represent their geometric modeling. To satisfy the high efficiency and reality of flower modeling,a flower simulation method based on Perlin noise is proposed. The sketch contours of leaves and petals are drawn by Catmull-Rom spline curve,the depth value of sketch is generated by two-dimensional Perlin noise,and the degree of curling is controlled by the x-axis and y-axis scaling parameters of noise. Hence,the universal and efficient three-dimensional reconstruction of sheet organs is achieved. In addition,Vogel model is used to construct the morphological structure of flowers and the physical illumination based on bidirectional reflectance distribution function( BRDF) is introduced to render the reality. Compared with fractal geometry and Bézier surface,the proposed method uses fewer control points and obtains the higher modeling efficiency in sketch drawing. Moreover,the modeled flower has the high simulation degree and the rendered illumination has the strong sense of reality.
Flowers have complex morphological structures and physiological characteristic,and traditional Euclidean geometry is difficult to represent their geometric modeling. To satisfy the high efficiency and reality of flower modeling,a flower simulation method based on Perlin noise is proposed. The sketch contours of leaves and petals are drawn by Catmull-Rom spline curve,the depth value of sketch is generated by two-dimensional Perlin noise,and the degree of curling is controlled by the x-axis and y-axis scaling parameters of noise. Hence,the universal and efficient three-dimensional reconstruction of sheet organs is achieved. In addition,Vogel model is used to construct the morphological structure of flowers and the physical illumination based on bidirectional reflectance distribution function( BRDF) is introduced to render the reality. Compared with fractal geometry and Bézier surface,the proposed method uses fewer control points and obtains the higher modeling efficiency in sketch drawing. Moreover,the modeled flower has the high simulation degree and the rendered illumination has the strong sense of reality.
引文
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[16]李婵,王俊杰,邬国锋,等.基于叶片光谱特征的农业区域植物分类[J].深圳大学学报理工版,2018,35(3):307-315.LI Chan,WANG Junjie,WU Guofeng,et al. Classification of agricultural plants based on leaf spectral features[J]. Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering,2018,35(3):307-315.(in Chinese)
[2]PRUSINKIEWICZ P,LINDENMAYER A. The algorithmic beauty of plants[M]. New York,USA:Springer,1990:1-228.
[3]IJIRI T,OWADA S,OKABE M,et al. Floral diagrams and inflorescences:interactive flower modeling using botanical structural constraints[J]. ACM Transactions on Graph,2005,24(3):720-726.
[4]OWENS A,CIESLAK M,HART J A,et al. Modeling dense inflorescences[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics,2016,35(4):1-14.
[5]IJIRI T,YOSHIZAWA S,YOKOTA H,et al. Flower modeling via X-ray computed tomography[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics,2014,33(4):1-10.
[6]ZHENG Qian,FAN Xiaochen,GONG Minglun,et al. 4D reconstruction of blooming flowers[J]. Computer Graphics Forum,2017,36(6):1-12.
[7]DEROSE T D,BARSKY B A. Geometric continuity,shape parameters,and geometric constructions for CatmullRom splines[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics,1988,7(1):1-41.
[8]ACOSTA M G,DíAZ J V,CASTRO N S. An innovative image-processing model for rust detection using Perlin noise to simulate oxide textures[J]. Corrosion Science,2014,88(6):141-151.
[9]PERLIN K. Improving noise[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics,2002,21(3):681-682.
[10]VOGEL H. A better way to construct the sunflower head[J]. Mathematical Biosciences,1979,44(3):179-189.
[11]DUPUY J,HEITZ E,IEHL J C,et al. Linear efficient antialiased displacement and reflectance mapping[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics,2013,32(6):1-11.
[12]GUO Jie,QIAN Jinghui,GUO Yanwen,et al. Rendering thin transparent layers with extended normal distribution functions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2017,23(9):2108-2119.
[13]TORRANCE K E,SPARROW E M. Theory for offspecular reflection from roughened surfaces[J]. JOSA,1967,57(9):1105-1112.
[14]AKENINE-MLLER T,HAINES E,HOFFMAN N,et al.Real-time rendering[M]. 4 ed. Natick,USA:A K Peters Press,2018:340-370.
[15]BECKMANN P,SPIZZICHINO A. The scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces[M]. New York,USA:Pergamon,1963.
[16]李婵,王俊杰,邬国锋,等.基于叶片光谱特征的农业区域植物分类[J].深圳大学学报理工版,2018,35(3):307-315.LI Chan,WANG Junjie,WU Guofeng,et al. Classification of agricultural plants based on leaf spectral features[J]. Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering,2018,35(3):307-315.(in Chinese)