唐五代敦煌壁画弥勒经变所见农作图研究
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摘要
唐五代敦煌壁画弥勒经变中绘制的大量农作图,虽然是为迎合弥勒经变"一种七收"的内容所作,但画工却以现实生活为蓝本,体现当时农作的真实状况。不仅具有相当的艺术性与可观赏性,而且直观地展现了当时敦煌地区的农业生产场景。农作图中出现的农业生产工具,如曲辕犁、三脚耧犁、锄、镰刀、连枷、杈、木锨、簸箕、扫帚、牛车等,是研究唐五代农业发展史的重要形象资料。通过唐五代弥勒经变中的农作图的内容,可窥见这一时期农业发展的大体水平。
Although a large number of agricultural drawings in the Maitreya Illustrations of Dunhuang frescoes in the Tang and Five Dynasties were designed to cater to the "seven harvest" content, the painters took real life as the blueprint and reflected the real situation of farming at that time. It not only had considerable artistry and ornamentality, but also intuitively showed the agricultural production scene in Dunhuang area at that time. Agricultural production tools such as curved plough,three-legged plough, hoe, sickle, flail, spade, dustpan, broom, bullock cart, etc. appeared in agricultural drawings are important image materials for studying the history of agricultural development in Tang and Five Dynasties. The general level of agricultural development in this period can be seen from the content of the agricultural drawings in the illustrations of Maitreya of the Tang and Five Dynasties.
Although a large number of agricultural drawings in the Maitreya Illustrations of Dunhuang frescoes in the Tang and Five Dynasties were designed to cater to the "seven harvest" content, the painters took real life as the blueprint and reflected the real situation of farming at that time. It not only had considerable artistry and ornamentality, but also intuitively showed the agricultural production scene in Dunhuang area at that time. Agricultural production tools such as curved plough,three-legged plough, hoe, sickle, flail, spade, dustpan, broom, bullock cart, etc. appeared in agricultural drawings are important image materials for studying the history of agricultural development in Tang and Five Dynasties. The general level of agricultural development in this period can be seen from the content of the agricultural drawings in the illustrations of Maitreya of the Tang and Five Dynasties.
引文
[1]王进玉.敦煌学和科技史[M].兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2011.
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[8]王进玉.敦煌石窟全集·科学技术画卷[M].香港:商务印书馆,2001.
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[10]阮海峰.从壁画墓看魏晋时期敦煌农业[J].农业考古,2018,(4).
[11]宋兆麟.唐代曲辕犁研究[J].中国历史博物馆馆刊,1979,(1).
[12]史苇湘.敦煌历史与莫高窟艺术研究[M].兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2002.
[2]王进玉.敦煌壁画中农作图实地调查[J].农业考古,1985,(2).
[3]郝二旭.略论唐五代敦煌地区的农业生产工具[J].敦煌学辑刊,2008,(2).
[4]李永宁,蔡伟堂.敦煌壁画中的弥勒经变[M]//敦煌研究文集·敦煌石窟经变篇.兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2000.
[5]谭蝉雪主编.敦煌石窟全集·民俗画卷[M].香港:商务印书馆,1999.
[6]段文杰.形象的历史:谈敦煌壁画的历史价值[J].敦煌学辑刊,1980,(1).
[7]冻国栋.唐代农业领域内商品经济的发展与经营管理试探———兼论唐代的农业雇佣问题[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1989,(4).
[8]王进玉.敦煌石窟全集·科学技术画卷[M].香港:商务印书馆,2001.
[9]陈文华.从出土文物看汉代农业生产技术[J].文物,1985,(8).
[10]阮海峰.从壁画墓看魏晋时期敦煌农业[J].农业考古,2018,(4).
[11]宋兆麟.唐代曲辕犁研究[J].中国历史博物馆馆刊,1979,(1).
[12]史苇湘.敦煌历史与莫高窟艺术研究[M].兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2002.