《疾病翻译者》:文化边界上的异化和失常欲望
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摘要
印度裔美国作家裘帕·拉希里的多数故事具有跨界这一后现代文化和文学的新特征,其短篇小说《疾病翻译者》通过讲述发生在文化交界处的假性浪漫故事,诠释了后现代语境中异化呈现出来的新形式。生长于美国的印度裔游客达斯夫人和印度当地导游卡帕西先生均是经历了重重异化的主体,二人在"压抑的复现"以及"受媒介操控的欲望"这两种欲望模式的作用下误解了对方意图,进而产生了短暂的相互吸引。通过讽刺这种假性浪漫,拉希里将批评的矛头直指异化这种疾病。
Most of the stories written by Jhumpa Lahiri,an Indian-American contemporary writer,are characterized by border-crossing,a new feature of post modern culture and literature. In his short novel Interpreter of Maladies,Lahiri exposes and explores new forms of alienation in the postmodern world through the representation of a pseudo-romantic encounter at the borders between nations and cultures. Both Mrs. Daz,an Indian-American tourist,and Mr. Kapasi,the Indian tour guide,are alienated subjects. It is with their traumatized desires such as the return of the repressed and mediated desire that they find in each other what appears to be a romantic euphoria. Lahiri not only satires the pseudo-romance but also critiques alienation as a modern disease.
Most of the stories written by Jhumpa Lahiri,an Indian-American contemporary writer,are characterized by border-crossing,a new feature of post modern culture and literature. In his short novel Interpreter of Maladies,Lahiri exposes and explores new forms of alienation in the postmodern world through the representation of a pseudo-romantic encounter at the borders between nations and cultures. Both Mrs. Daz,an Indian-American tourist,and Mr. Kapasi,the Indian tour guide,are alienated subjects. It is with their traumatized desires such as the return of the repressed and mediated desire that they find in each other what appears to be a romantic euphoria. Lahiri not only satires the pseudo-romance but also critiques alienation as a modern disease.
引文
(1)马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,刘丕坤译,人民出版社1979年版,第49页。
(2)马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,刘丕坤译,人民出版社1979年版,第48页。
(1)云玲,郭棲庆:《蒋帕·拉希莉<同名人>中的旅行书写与离散身份的建构》,《外国语文》2015年第5期。
(2)王丽亚:《讲故事的艺术:朱帕·拉西里及其<疾病讲解员>》,《外国文学》2013年第2期。
(3)Lahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999,p. 58.
(1)Lahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999, p. 45.
(2)Lahiri,Jhumpa.Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,1999,p. 47.
(3)Todorov,Tzvetan. On Human Diversity:Nationalism, Racism, and Exoticism in French Thought. Trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard University Press, 1993,p. 265.
(4)Derrida, Jacques. Positions. Trans. Alan Bass. University of Chicago Press, 1981,p. 41.
(5)阿马蒂亚·森:《身份与暴力——命运的幻象》,李风华,等译,中国人民大学出版社2009年版,第2页。
(1)Certeau, Michel de. Heterologies:Discourse on the Other. Trans. Brian Massumi. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1986,p. 3.
(2)童明:《暗恐/非家幻觉》,《外国文学》2011年第4期。
(3)Lahiri,Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999,p. 51.
(4)Lahiri,Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999, p. 54.
(5)Lahiri,Jhumpa.Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999,p. 65.
(1)Girard, Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Trans. Patrick Gregory. Baltimonre:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977, p. 146.
(2)Girard, Rene. Deceit, Desire and the Novel:Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, p. 2.
(3)Girard, Rene. Deceit, Desire and the Novel:Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, p. 1.
(4)Girard, Rene. Deceit, Desire and the Novel:Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, p. 2.
(1)Tyrell, Michael. Harvard Review. Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri, Review by Michael Tyrell, Harvard Review, 1999,17(fall):199.
(2)Bhabha,Homi. The Location of Culture. New York:Routledge,1994,p. 11.
(3)Quoted in Shankar, Lavina Dhingra."Not Too Spicy:Exotic Mistresses of Cultural Translation in the Fiction of Chitra Divakaruni and Jhtumpa Lahiri"in Nalini Iyer and Bonnie Zare, eds. Other Tongues:Rethinking the Language Debates in India, New York:Rodopi, 2009,p. 37.
(2)马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,刘丕坤译,人民出版社1979年版,第48页。
(1)云玲,郭棲庆:《蒋帕·拉希莉<同名人>中的旅行书写与离散身份的建构》,《外国语文》2015年第5期。
(2)王丽亚:《讲故事的艺术:朱帕·拉西里及其<疾病讲解员>》,《外国文学》2013年第2期。
(3)Lahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999,p. 58.
(1)Lahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999, p. 45.
(2)Lahiri,Jhumpa.Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,1999,p. 47.
(3)Todorov,Tzvetan. On Human Diversity:Nationalism, Racism, and Exoticism in French Thought. Trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard University Press, 1993,p. 265.
(4)Derrida, Jacques. Positions. Trans. Alan Bass. University of Chicago Press, 1981,p. 41.
(5)阿马蒂亚·森:《身份与暴力——命运的幻象》,李风华,等译,中国人民大学出版社2009年版,第2页。
(1)Certeau, Michel de. Heterologies:Discourse on the Other. Trans. Brian Massumi. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1986,p. 3.
(2)童明:《暗恐/非家幻觉》,《外国文学》2011年第4期。
(3)Lahiri,Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999,p. 51.
(4)Lahiri,Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999, p. 54.
(5)Lahiri,Jhumpa.Interpreter of Maladies. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999,p. 65.
(1)Girard, Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Trans. Patrick Gregory. Baltimonre:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977, p. 146.
(2)Girard, Rene. Deceit, Desire and the Novel:Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, p. 2.
(3)Girard, Rene. Deceit, Desire and the Novel:Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, p. 1.
(4)Girard, Rene. Deceit, Desire and the Novel:Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, p. 2.
(1)Tyrell, Michael. Harvard Review. Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri, Review by Michael Tyrell, Harvard Review, 1999,17(fall):199.
(2)Bhabha,Homi. The Location of Culture. New York:Routledge,1994,p. 11.
(3)Quoted in Shankar, Lavina Dhingra."Not Too Spicy:Exotic Mistresses of Cultural Translation in the Fiction of Chitra Divakaruni and Jhtumpa Lahiri"in Nalini Iyer and Bonnie Zare, eds. Other Tongues:Rethinking the Language Debates in India, New York:Rodopi, 2009,p. 37.