焦作市春季大气降水化学特征及来源研究
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摘要
为研究典型矿业城市焦作市春季大气降水水化学特征及来源信息,选取具有代表性的采样点5个,采集大气降水水样30个,测试大气降水中主要离子成分.研究表明,焦作市降水阳离子的浓度变化规律为NH_4~+>Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)>K~+>Na~+,阴离子的变化规律为SO_4~(2-)>NO_3~->Cl~->F~-. NH_4~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、Cl~-是降水中主要的离子占离子总量的87.08%,且降雨对其有一定的冲刷作用.降水中Ca~(2+)、NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-贡献比率变化表明随着降雨时间的持续NO_3~-酸化的作用逐渐增强,Ca~(2+)的中和作用也逐渐增强.相关性分析表明典型碱性阳离子Ca~(2+)、NH_4~+、Mg~(2+)和典型致酸阴离子SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-的相关性显著.在降水过程中发生酸性物质与碱性物质间的中和反应,硝酸盐和硫酸盐是降水中主要的致酸物质,NH_4~+、Ca~(2+)作为主要的阳离子,对降水中的酸性物质有着较强的中和能力.富集因子表明Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K~+绝大部分来自地壳源,Cl~-的42.6%来自海洋源,57%来自人为源;SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-来自人为源的输入.
In order to study the chemical characteristics and source information of atmospheric precipitation in the typical mining city of Jiaozuo City,five representative sampling points were selected,and 30 atmospheric precipitation water samples were collected to test the main ionic components of atmospheric precipitation. The results show that the concentration variation of precipitation cations in Jiaozuo City is NH_4~+>Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)>K~+>Na~+,and the variation of anions is SO_4~(2-)>NO_3~->Cl~->F~-. NH_4~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,and Cl~- are the main ions in precipitation,accounting for87.08% of the total amount of ions,and rainfall has a certain scouring effect. The change of contribution ratios of Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- in precipitation indicates that the effect of NO_3~- acidification increases with the duration of rainfall,and the neutralization of Ca~(2+) is gradually enhanced. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between typical alkaline cations Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,Mg~(2+)and typical acidogenic anions SO_4~(2-)and NO_3~-was significant,and neutralization reaction between acidic and basic substances occurred during precipitation,nitrate and sulfate.It is the main acid-producing substance in precipitation,and NH_4~+ and Ca~(2+) are the main cations,which have strong neutralization ability for acidic substances in precipitation. The enrichment factor indicates that most of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),and K~+ are from the crust source,42.6% of Cl~- is from marine source,57% is from anthropogenic source,and SO_4~(2-)and NO_3~- are inputs from anthropogenic source.
In order to study the chemical characteristics and source information of atmospheric precipitation in the typical mining city of Jiaozuo City,five representative sampling points were selected,and 30 atmospheric precipitation water samples were collected to test the main ionic components of atmospheric precipitation. The results show that the concentration variation of precipitation cations in Jiaozuo City is NH_4~+>Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)>K~+>Na~+,and the variation of anions is SO_4~(2-)>NO_3~->Cl~->F~-. NH_4~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,and Cl~- are the main ions in precipitation,accounting for87.08% of the total amount of ions,and rainfall has a certain scouring effect. The change of contribution ratios of Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- in precipitation indicates that the effect of NO_3~- acidification increases with the duration of rainfall,and the neutralization of Ca~(2+) is gradually enhanced. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between typical alkaline cations Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,Mg~(2+)and typical acidogenic anions SO_4~(2-)and NO_3~-was significant,and neutralization reaction between acidic and basic substances occurred during precipitation,nitrate and sulfate.It is the main acid-producing substance in precipitation,and NH_4~+ and Ca~(2+) are the main cations,which have strong neutralization ability for acidic substances in precipitation. The enrichment factor indicates that most of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),and K~+ are from the crust source,42.6% of Cl~- is from marine source,57% is from anthropogenic source,and SO_4~(2-)and NO_3~- are inputs from anthropogenic source.
引文
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[3]黎彬,王峰.上海青浦地区大气降水的化学特征[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(5):24-29.
[4]RASTOGI N,SARIN M M.Chemical characteristics of individual rain events from a semi-arid region in India:three-year study[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(18):3313-3323.
[5]YI L,XIAOLAN Y,HONGBING C,et al.Chemical characteristics of precipitation at three Chinese regional background stations from 2006 to 2007[J].Atmospheric Research,2010,96(1):173-183.
[6]秦翔,李传金,效存德,等.东南极中山站-格罗夫山考察沿线海源物质空间分布特征研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014(9):1997-2005.
[7]刘进.北京城区大气降水水质特征分析[D].济南:济南大学,2016.
[8]XU Z F,LI Y S,YANG T,et al.Chemical and strontium isotope characterization of rainwater at an urban site in Loess Plateau,northwest China[J].Atmospheric Research,2009,94(3):481-490.
[9]魏宸,黄虹,邹长伟,等.南昌市新城区大气降水化学特征与主要成分来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(11):1582-1589.
[10]艾东升,郑祥民,周立旻,等.近2年上海市夏季降水地球化学特征研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(9):2002-2009.
[11]牛彧文,何凌燕,胡敏.深圳大气降水的化学组成特征[J].环境科学,2008,29(4):1014-1019.
[12]任玉芬,王效科,欧阳志云,等.北京城市典型下垫面降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):373-378.
[13]肖红伟,龙爱民,谢露华,等.中国南海大气降水化学特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):475-480.
[14]XIAO H W,XIAO H Y,LONG A M,et al.Chemical composition and source apportionment of rainwater at Guiyang,SW China[J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,2013,70(3):269-281.
[15]XIAO H W,XIAO H Y,LUO L,et al.Atmospheric aerosol compositions over the South China Sea:temporal variability and source apportionment[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2017,17(4):1-39.
[16]李宗杰,李宗省,田青,等.祁连山中段降水化学的环境意义研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4465-4474.
[17]KEENE W C,PSZENNY A A P,GALLOWAY J N,et al.Sea-salt corrections and interpretation of constituent ratios in marine precipitation[J].J geophys res,1986,91(D6):6647-6658.
[18]TAYLOR S R.Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust:a new table[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1964,28(8):1273-1285.