鲜水河断裂带虾拉沱盆地断面地下水化学特征及控制因素
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摘要
为研究鲜水河断裂带内地下水水化学特征及离子来源,在采集虾拉沱盆地内降水、地表水、地下水、温泉水样品的基础上,综合运用离子比值、相关性分析、Gibbs图、Piper三线图和饱和指数等方法,分析了地下水中主要离子特征,并结合氢氧同位素信息分析了地下水的补给来源.结果表明,虾拉沱盆地地下水均为弱碱性,阳离子以Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Na~+为主,Ca~(2+)占总离子2. 6%～53. 6%,平均为28. 84%,Mg~(2+)占总离子2. 7%～57%,平均为40. 6%,Na~+占总离子6. 2%～93. 1%,平均为28. 6%;阴离子以HCO_3~-为主,占总离子82. 4%～98%,平均为89. 6%,而章谷温泉主要以HCO_3~-和Na~+为主,分别占阴阳离子的93. 1%和98%,TDS介于116. 11～372. 75 mg·L~(-1),均值281. 91 mg·L~(-1);地下水水化学类型为HCO_3~-Mg·Ca和HCO_3~-Ca·Mg型,水文地球化学过程受碳酸盐岩风化溶解控制;温泉受断裂带控制明显,主要发育在鲜水河主断层附近,水化学类型为HCO_3~-Na型,水文地球化学过程受硅酸盐岩溶解控制.
In order to study the characteristics of groundwater chemistry and groundwater flow system in the Xianshui River fault zone,samples of precipitation,surface water,groundwater,and hot spring samples in the Xialatuo Basin were collected and tested. Through the test data,the main ions and the sources of recharge were analyzed by means of ionic relations,correlation analysis,Gibbs plot,Piper triangular diagrams,and saturation index. The groundwater recharge sources in the basin were studied using combined hydrogen and oxygen isotope information. Results show that all the water samples in the study area were weakly alkaline. The predominant cations were Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),and Na~+. Among these,Ca~(2+)accounted for 2. 6%-53. 6%,with an average value of 28. 84%,Mg~(2+)accounted for 2. 7%-57%,with an average value of 40. 6%,and Na~+accounted for 6. 2%-93. 1%,with an average value of 28. 6%.The anions were mainly HCO_3~-,accounting for 82. 4%-98% of the total anions and with an average value of 89. 6%. HCO_3~-and Na~+accounted for most of the ions with 93. 1% and 98%,respectively,in the Zhanggu hot spring. The total dissolved solids( TDS) of the groundwater ranged from 116. 11 to 372. 75 mg·L~(-1),and with an average value of 281. 91 mg·L~(-1). The hydrogeochemical type of groundwater was HCO_3~-Mg·Ca and HCO_3~-Ca·Mg. It is controlled by carbonatite dissolution with a circulatory depth range in dozens of meters. The hot springs are controlled by the fault zone and are mainly distributed along the main stem of the Xianshui River fault.Their water is of the HCO_3~-Na type. The hydrogeochemical process is controlled by silicate dissolution with a circulatory depth range in thousands of meters.
In order to study the characteristics of groundwater chemistry and groundwater flow system in the Xianshui River fault zone,samples of precipitation,surface water,groundwater,and hot spring samples in the Xialatuo Basin were collected and tested. Through the test data,the main ions and the sources of recharge were analyzed by means of ionic relations,correlation analysis,Gibbs plot,Piper triangular diagrams,and saturation index. The groundwater recharge sources in the basin were studied using combined hydrogen and oxygen isotope information. Results show that all the water samples in the study area were weakly alkaline. The predominant cations were Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),and Na~+. Among these,Ca~(2+)accounted for 2. 6%-53. 6%,with an average value of 28. 84%,Mg~(2+)accounted for 2. 7%-57%,with an average value of 40. 6%,and Na~+accounted for 6. 2%-93. 1%,with an average value of 28. 6%.The anions were mainly HCO_3~-,accounting for 82. 4%-98% of the total anions and with an average value of 89. 6%. HCO_3~-and Na~+accounted for most of the ions with 93. 1% and 98%,respectively,in the Zhanggu hot spring. The total dissolved solids( TDS) of the groundwater ranged from 116. 11 to 372. 75 mg·L~(-1),and with an average value of 281. 91 mg·L~(-1). The hydrogeochemical type of groundwater was HCO_3~-Mg·Ca and HCO_3~-Ca·Mg. It is controlled by carbonatite dissolution with a circulatory depth range in dozens of meters. The hot springs are controlled by the fault zone and are mainly distributed along the main stem of the Xianshui River fault.Their water is of the HCO_3~-Na type. The hydrogeochemical process is controlled by silicate dissolution with a circulatory depth range in thousands of meters.
引文
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[3]曹剑锋,徐耀德.断裂带水文地质作用的研究与评价[J].长春地质学院学报,1996,26(2):202-205.Cao J F,Xu Y D.Evaluating the hydrogeological process taking place in fractare zone[J].Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,1996,26(2):202-205.
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[8]李永格,李宗省,冯起,等.托来河流域不同海拔降水稳定同位素的环境意义[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2661-2672.Li Y G,Li Z S,Feng Q,et al.Environmental significance of the stable isotopes in precipitation at different altitudes in the Tuolai River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2661-2672.
[9]许乃政,刘红樱,魏峰,等.江苏洋口港地区地下水的环境同位素组成及其形成演化研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):3862-3871.Xu N Z,Liu H Y,Wei F,et al.Study on the environmental isotope compositions and their evolution in groundwater of Yoco port in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(12):3862-3871.
[10]蔡月梅,王文祥,张明江,等.基于环境同位素分析吐鲁番盆地地下水流系统[J].中国地质,2016,43(4):1439-1445.Cai Y M,Wang W X,Zhang M J,et al.An analysis of the groundwater flow system based on environmental isotopes in Turpan basin[J].Geology in China,2016,43(4):1439-1445.
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[13]张艳,吴勇,杨军,等.阆中市思依镇水化学特征及其成因分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3230-3237.Zhang Y,Wu Y,Yang J,et al.Hydrochemical characteristic and reasoning analysis in Siyi Town,Langzhong City[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3230-3237.
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[15]许琦,李建鸿,孙平安,等.西江水氢氧同位素组成的空间变化及环境意义[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2308-2316.Xu Q,Li J H,Sun P A,et al.Spatial variation and environmental significance ofδ18O andδD isotope composition in Xijiang River[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(6):2308-2316.
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[18]张涛,蔡五田,李颖智,等.尼洋河流域水化学特征及其控制因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4537-4545.Zhang,T,Cai W T,Li Y Z,et al.Major ionic features and their possible controls in the water of the Niyang River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(11):4537-4545.
[19]Xiao J,Jin Z D,Zhang F,et al.Solute geochemistry and its sources of the groundwaters in the Qinghai Lake catchment,NWChina[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,52:21-30.
[20]Gibbs R J.Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,1970,170(3962):1088-1090.
[21]左禹政,安艳玲,吴起鑫,等.贵州省都柳江流域水化学特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(7):2684-2690.Zuo Y Z,An Y L,Wu Q X,et al.Study on the hydrochemical characteristics of Duliu River basin in Guizhou Province[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(7):2684-2690.
[22]Xing L N,Guo H M,Zhan Y H.Groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and processes along flow paths in the North China Plain[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,70-71:250-264.
[23]董维红,孟莹,王雨山,等.三江平原富锦地区浅层地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(2):542-553.Dong W H,Meng Y,Wang Y S,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and formation of the shallow groundwater in Fujin,Sanjiang Plain[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2017,47(2):542-553.
[24]文冬光,沈照理,钟佐燊.地球化学模拟及其在水文地质中的应用[J].地质科技情报,1995,14(1):99-104.Wen D G,Shen Z L,Zhong Z S,et al.Geochemical modeling and its applications in hydrogeology[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1995,14(1):99-104.
[25]张人权,梁杏,靳孟贵,等.当代水文地质学发展趋势与对策[J].水文地质工程地质,2005,(1):51-56Zhang R Q,Liang X,Jin M G,et al.The trends in contemporary hydrogeology[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2005,(1):51-56.
[26]Wu Y,Gibson C E.Mechanisms controlling the water chemistry of small lakes in Northern Ireland[J].Water Research,1996,30(1):178-182.
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