杭锦旗区块防塌防漏钻井液技术
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摘要
杭锦旗区块具有丰富的天然气资源,但在钻井施工中井壁失稳及漏失问题严重,严重影响钻井进度。为此,在充分认识该区块地质特征的基础上,开展了钻井液防塌防漏技术研究。地层物性分析表明,该区块属于典型断层发育区域,地层存在泥岩混层、胶结强度低、微裂缝发育、极易受到损害等问题,导致井壁失稳及漏失问题严重。基于此,通过研发温敏变形型封堵剂SMSHIELD-2、高效润滑剂SMLUB-E、随钻防漏堵漏材料SMGF-1,形成了针对该地区的井壁稳定防塌技术和随钻堵漏技术。室内实验表明,SMSHIELD-2加量为1%时,钻井液高温高压滤失量降至15 mL,并且增强了滤饼韧性;润滑剂SMLUB-E可使极压润滑系数降至0.033;堵漏剂SMGF-1由不同粒径大小材料复合而成,显著提高地层承压能力,降低漏失量;通过配方优选,形成了防塌、防漏钻井液。该技术在杭锦旗区块2口试验井成功应用,一次性钻穿易漏地层,钻遇泥岩井段未发生坍塌问题,井径扩大率小于5%。
The Block Hangjinqi has abundant natural gas reserves, the drilling of which was seriously affected by borehole wall instability and mud losses. Studies have been conducted on the prevention and control of these problems with drilling fluids based on the understanding of the geological nature of the area. Analyses of the physical properties of the formation showed that faults were developed in this area. Existence of mudstones with low cementing strength and developed microfractures leads to borehole wall instability and mud losses. To resolve these problems, a temperature sensitive deformable plugging agent SMSHIELD-2, a high efficiency lubricant SMLUB-E and a lost circulation material SMGF-1 were developed to formulate a drilling fluid that can maintain borehole wall stable and to control mud losses. Laboratory experimental results showed that a drilling fluid containing 1% SMSHIELD-2 had its HTHP filtration rate reduced to 15 mL, and the toughness of the mud cake was enhanced. Addition of SMLUB-E into the drilling fluid reduced its extreme-pressure coefficient of friction to 0.033. SMGF-1 is made of particulate materials of different sizes and can remarkably increase the pressure bearing capacity of the formation and reduce the amount of lost mud. By carefully selecting drilling fluid additives an anti-sloughing drilling fluid and a mud loss control fluid were formulated. The drilling fluids were tested on two wells in Block Hangjinqi, and the fragile formations were drilled through successfully with no delay. No borehole wall instability has ever been encountered in drilling the mud stone formation, and the percent hole enlargement was less than 5%.
The Block Hangjinqi has abundant natural gas reserves, the drilling of which was seriously affected by borehole wall instability and mud losses. Studies have been conducted on the prevention and control of these problems with drilling fluids based on the understanding of the geological nature of the area. Analyses of the physical properties of the formation showed that faults were developed in this area. Existence of mudstones with low cementing strength and developed microfractures leads to borehole wall instability and mud losses. To resolve these problems, a temperature sensitive deformable plugging agent SMSHIELD-2, a high efficiency lubricant SMLUB-E and a lost circulation material SMGF-1 were developed to formulate a drilling fluid that can maintain borehole wall stable and to control mud losses. Laboratory experimental results showed that a drilling fluid containing 1% SMSHIELD-2 had its HTHP filtration rate reduced to 15 mL, and the toughness of the mud cake was enhanced. Addition of SMLUB-E into the drilling fluid reduced its extreme-pressure coefficient of friction to 0.033. SMGF-1 is made of particulate materials of different sizes and can remarkably increase the pressure bearing capacity of the formation and reduce the amount of lost mud. By carefully selecting drilling fluid additives an anti-sloughing drilling fluid and a mud loss control fluid were formulated. The drilling fluids were tested on two wells in Block Hangjinqi, and the fragile formations were drilled through successfully with no delay. No borehole wall instability has ever been encountered in drilling the mud stone formation, and the percent hole enlargement was less than 5%.
引文
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[7]张平.顺北蓬1井φ444.5mm长裸眼井筒强化钻井液技术[J].石油钻探技术,2018,46(3):27-33.ZHANG Ping.Wellbore enhancing technology forφ444.5mm openhole section in well SHBP1 by means of drilling fluid optimization[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2018,46(3):27-33.
[8]杨小华.提高井壁稳定性的途径及水基防塌钻井液研究与应用进展[J].中外能源,2012,17(5):53-57.YANG Xiaohua.The way of improving wellbore stability and progress of research and application of water-based anti-sloughing drilling fluid[J].Sino-Global Energy,2012,17(5):53-57.
[9]孙庆春.东胜气田刘家沟组井漏与堵漏措施分析[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(2):53-56.SUN Qingchun.Analysis on plugging measures for leakage in Liujiagou formation of Dongshen gas field[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2016,43(2):53-56.
[10]陈华.苏里格气田水平井斜井段防漏防塌钻井液技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(1):66-70.CHEN Hua.Drilling fluid technology for mud loss control and borehole wall stabilization in the slant section of horizontal wells in Sulige gas field[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(1):66-70.
[11]常兴浩.大牛地气田刘家沟组井漏控制技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,30(5):86-88.CHANG Xinghao.Lost circulation control technology in Liujiagou formation of Daniudi gas field[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2013,30(5):86-88.
[12]马文英.中国石化沥青类处理剂标准探析[J].石油工业技术监督,2015(1):29-33.MA Wenying.Analysis of standards of Sinopec for asphalt treatment agents[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2015(1):29-33.
[13]高永会,刘晓栋,谭文礼,等.提高聚醚多元醇钻井液性能的添加剂研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2014,31(6):5-8.GAO Yonghui,LIU Xiaodong,TAN Wenli.et al.Study on key additives for improving performance of polyether polyalcohol drilling fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014,31(6):5-8.
[14]王贵,蒲晓林,文志明,等.基于断裂力学的诱导裂缝性井漏控制机理分析[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(1):131-134.WANG Gui,PU Xiaolin,WEN Zhiming,et al.Mechanism of controlling lost circulation in induced fracture formation based on fracture mechanics[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2011,33(1):131-134.
[15]贾利春,陈勉,张伟,等.诱导裂缝性井漏止裂封堵机理分析[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,31(5):82-85.JIA Lichun,CHEN Mian,ZHANG Wei,et al.Plugging mechaism of induced fracture for controlling lost circulation[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2013,30(5):82-85.
[2]刘栋.杭锦旗地区上古生界天然气富集规律与成藏机理研究[D].成都理工大学,2016.LIU Dong.Research on gas enrichment regularity and accumulation mechanism of the Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir in Hangjinqi Area[D].Chengdu University of Technology,2016.
[3]朱宗良,李文厚,李克永,等.杭锦旗地区上古生界层序及沉积体系发育特征[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(6):1050-1054.ZHU Zongliang,LI Wenhou,LI Keyong,et al.The characteristic of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary systems of Taiyuan-Xiashihezi formation in Hangjinqi area[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2010,40(6):1050-1054.
[4]曹敬华,周文,邓礼正,等.鄂北杭锦旗地区下石盒子组储层物性特征及评价[J].物探化探计算技术,2007(1):30-34.CAO Jinghua,ZHOU Wen,DENG Lizheng,et al.Reservoir physical properties and evaluation of lower Shihezi formation in Hangjinqi area of northern Ordos basin[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2007(1):30-34.
[5]邱正松,暴丹,李佳,等.井壁强化机理与致密承压封堵钻井液技术新进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(4):1-6.QIU Zhengsong,BAO Dan,LI Jia,et al.Mechanisms of wellbore strengthening and new advances in lost circulation control with dense pressure bearing zone[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(4):1-6.
[6]陈富全,夏荣徽,聂强勇,等.专项封堵防塌技术在塔中油田的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(2):58-60.CHEN Fuquan,XIA Ronghui,NIE Qiangyong,et al.Application of special plugging and collapse prevention technology in Tazhong oilfield[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(2):58-60.
[7]张平.顺北蓬1井φ444.5mm长裸眼井筒强化钻井液技术[J].石油钻探技术,2018,46(3):27-33.ZHANG Ping.Wellbore enhancing technology forφ444.5mm openhole section in well SHBP1 by means of drilling fluid optimization[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2018,46(3):27-33.
[8]杨小华.提高井壁稳定性的途径及水基防塌钻井液研究与应用进展[J].中外能源,2012,17(5):53-57.YANG Xiaohua.The way of improving wellbore stability and progress of research and application of water-based anti-sloughing drilling fluid[J].Sino-Global Energy,2012,17(5):53-57.
[9]孙庆春.东胜气田刘家沟组井漏与堵漏措施分析[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(2):53-56.SUN Qingchun.Analysis on plugging measures for leakage in Liujiagou formation of Dongshen gas field[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2016,43(2):53-56.
[10]陈华.苏里格气田水平井斜井段防漏防塌钻井液技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(1):66-70.CHEN Hua.Drilling fluid technology for mud loss control and borehole wall stabilization in the slant section of horizontal wells in Sulige gas field[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(1):66-70.
[11]常兴浩.大牛地气田刘家沟组井漏控制技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,30(5):86-88.CHANG Xinghao.Lost circulation control technology in Liujiagou formation of Daniudi gas field[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2013,30(5):86-88.
[12]马文英.中国石化沥青类处理剂标准探析[J].石油工业技术监督,2015(1):29-33.MA Wenying.Analysis of standards of Sinopec for asphalt treatment agents[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2015(1):29-33.
[13]高永会,刘晓栋,谭文礼,等.提高聚醚多元醇钻井液性能的添加剂研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2014,31(6):5-8.GAO Yonghui,LIU Xiaodong,TAN Wenli.et al.Study on key additives for improving performance of polyether polyalcohol drilling fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014,31(6):5-8.
[14]王贵,蒲晓林,文志明,等.基于断裂力学的诱导裂缝性井漏控制机理分析[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(1):131-134.WANG Gui,PU Xiaolin,WEN Zhiming,et al.Mechanism of controlling lost circulation in induced fracture formation based on fracture mechanics[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2011,33(1):131-134.
[15]贾利春,陈勉,张伟,等.诱导裂缝性井漏止裂封堵机理分析[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,31(5):82-85.JIA Lichun,CHEN Mian,ZHANG Wei,et al.Plugging mechaism of induced fracture for controlling lost circulation[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2013,30(5):82-85.