长期不同施肥下黄壤综合肥力演变及作物产量响应
|
摘要
【目的】评价长期不同施肥下黄壤综合肥力的演变特征及其与作物产量的响应关系,寻求黄壤综合肥力提升和作物高产、稳产和可持续生产的科学施肥模式,为黄壤耕地保育和地力提升提供依据。【方法】依托农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站的黄壤肥力与肥料效益长期定位试验,采集10个不同施肥处理2011～2016年的作物产量和耕层土壤样品,包括:不施肥(CK)、施氮肥(N)、施氮磷肥(NP)、施氮钾肥(NK)、施磷钾肥(PK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、3/4化肥+1/4有机肥(3/4NP+1/4M)、1/2化肥+1/2有机肥(1/2NP+1/2M)、有机肥(M)、氮磷钾肥+有机肥(NPK+M),运用改进的内梅罗指数法对土壤综合肥力进行评价。采用相关分析和通径分析评估土壤性质指标与土壤综合肥力的关联性。采用稳定性指数和可持续性指数评估不同施肥管理下土壤综合肥力对作物高产、稳产和可持续生产的影响。【结果】通过20年的不同施肥管理,黄壤综合肥力发生了显著(P <0.01)的变化,土壤综合肥力指数以NK处理最低,NPK+M处理最高;长期不施肥(CK)或者偏施化肥各处理(N、NP、NK、PK)土壤综合肥力指数显著低于施用有机肥的各处理(3/4NP+1/4M、1/2NP+1/2M、M、NPK+M)。相关分析和通径分析表明,土壤综合肥力指数与土壤性质指标均呈显著正相关关系,pH值、碱解氮、全磷和全钾含量极显著地直接影响土壤综合肥力指数的高低。土壤综合肥力指数与作物产量呈极显著的直接正相关,相关系数达0.704~(**),通径系数达0.716~*。分析不同施肥处理维持作物高产、稳产和可持续性表明,长期施用有机肥各处理具有高综合肥力和作物高产,不施肥或偏施化肥各处理具有低综合肥力和作物低产;NPK和NPK+M处理作物在获得高产的同时,能够维持产量的高稳定性和高可持续性;CK和PK处理作物低产,并且产量稳定性和可持续性低。【结论】土壤综合肥力指数能够客观反映黄壤生产力的高低,长期施用有机肥促进了黄壤综合肥力提升并维持作物高产。合理平衡施用化肥或与有机肥配合施用可以维持较高的产量和产量的稳定性和可持续性。
【Objectives】The changes of yellow soil fertility under long-term fertilization were studied and the fertilization patterns were compared, aiming to provide support for choosing scientific nutrient managements for a steady and sustainable agricultural production.【Methods】The study was based on the long-term fertilization experiment, which has been carried out for more than 20 years by the Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment(Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture. The ten fertilization treatments include CK, N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, 3/4 NP + 1/4 M, 1/2 NP + 1/2 M, M and MNPK. The crop yields and topsoil properties were measured, and the change trends of soil fertility was assessed using the improved Nemoro index(IFI), and the stability index and sustainability index were used to evaluate the effects of soil fertility and crop yield.【Results】Different fertilization treatments led to different trends of soil fertility after 20 years. The lowest IFI was in the treatment NK and the highest in the treatment NPK + M. The IFIs in CK and partially fertilized treatments N, NP, NK and PK were all lower than those in treatments 3/4 NP + 1/4 M,1/2 NP + 1/2 M, M, NPK + M. The IFI index was positively correlated with soil properties, soil pH and the contents of available N, total P and total K significantly affected the IFI index. The IFI was positively correlated with crop yield,with a correlation coefficient of 0.704~(**) and a path coefficient of 0.716~*. High yield and high IFI were found in manure application treatments(3/4 NP + 1/4 M, 1/2 NP + 1/2 M, M, NPK + M), while low yield and low IFI were found in CK and partially fertilized treatments(N, NP, NK and PK). NPK and NPK + M treatments maintained high yield and high stability and sustainability, while CK and PK treatments led to low yield and low stability and sustainability.【Conclusions】Soil fertility could be measured well by the Nemoro index, and longterm manure application increased both soil fertility and crops yields in yellow soils. Long-term balanced fertilization and manure application can maintain the high yield with high stability and sustainability.
【Objectives】The changes of yellow soil fertility under long-term fertilization were studied and the fertilization patterns were compared, aiming to provide support for choosing scientific nutrient managements for a steady and sustainable agricultural production.【Methods】The study was based on the long-term fertilization experiment, which has been carried out for more than 20 years by the Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment(Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture. The ten fertilization treatments include CK, N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, 3/4 NP + 1/4 M, 1/2 NP + 1/2 M, M and MNPK. The crop yields and topsoil properties were measured, and the change trends of soil fertility was assessed using the improved Nemoro index(IFI), and the stability index and sustainability index were used to evaluate the effects of soil fertility and crop yield.【Results】Different fertilization treatments led to different trends of soil fertility after 20 years. The lowest IFI was in the treatment NK and the highest in the treatment NPK + M. The IFIs in CK and partially fertilized treatments N, NP, NK and PK were all lower than those in treatments 3/4 NP + 1/4 M,1/2 NP + 1/2 M, M, NPK + M. The IFI index was positively correlated with soil properties, soil pH and the contents of available N, total P and total K significantly affected the IFI index. The IFI was positively correlated with crop yield,with a correlation coefficient of 0.704~(**) and a path coefficient of 0.716~*. High yield and high IFI were found in manure application treatments(3/4 NP + 1/4 M, 1/2 NP + 1/2 M, M, NPK + M), while low yield and low IFI were found in CK and partially fertilized treatments(N, NP, NK and PK). NPK and NPK + M treatments maintained high yield and high stability and sustainability, while CK and PK treatments led to low yield and low stability and sustainability.【Conclusions】Soil fertility could be measured well by the Nemoro index, and longterm manure application increased both soil fertility and crops yields in yellow soils. Long-term balanced fertilization and manure application can maintain the high yield with high stability and sustainability.
引文
[1]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:534-549.Office of National Soil Survey. Soils of China[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1998:534-549.
[2]Chen X P, Cui Z L, Vitousek P M, et al. Integrated soil-crop system management for food security[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2011,108(16):6399-6404.
[3]Lal R, Stewart B A. World soil resources and food security[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press, 2012.
[4]黄兴成,石孝均,李渝,等.基础地力对黄壤区粮油高产、稳产和可持续生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017, 50(2):300-312.Huang X C, Shi X J, Li Y, et al. Inherent soil productivity effect on high, steady and sustainable yield of grain and oil crops in yellow soil region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(2):300-312.
[5]Bai Z G, Dent D L, Olsson L, et al. Proxy global assessment of land degradation[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2008, 24(3):223-234.
[6]Oldeman L R, Hakkeling R T A, Sombroek W G. World map of the status of human-induced soil degradation:an explanatory note[M].New York:International Soil Reference and Information Centre,1990.
[7]Wall D H, Six J. Give soils their due[J]. Science, 2015, 347(6223):695-695.
[8]潘根兴,程琨,陆海飞,等.可持续土壤管理:土壤学服务社会发展的挑战[J].中国农业科学,2015, 48(23):4607-4620.Pan G X, Cheng K, Lu H F, et al. Sustainable soil management:an emerging soil science challenge for global development[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23):4607-4620.
[9]尹世久,吴林海,张勇.我国粮食产量波动影响因素的经验分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2009, 29(10):28-34.Yin S J, Wu L H, Zhang Y. Empirical analysis of the factors influencing grain yield[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2009, 29(10):28-34.
[10]李书田,金继运.中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4207-4229.Li S T, Jin J Y. Characteristics of nutrient input/output and nutrient balance in different regions of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(20):4207-4229.
[11] Huang Y, Sun W. Changes in topsoil organic carbon of croplands in mainland China over the last two decades[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(15):1785-1803.
[12] Ma J C, He P, Xu X P, et al. Temporal and spatial changes in soil available phosphorus in China(1990-2012)[J]. Field Crops Research,2016, 192:13-20.
[13] He P, Yang L P, Xu X P, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China(1990-2012)[J]. Field Crops Research,2015, 173:49-56.
[14]李学平,石孝均.长期不均衡施肥对紫色土肥力质量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007, 13(1):27-32.Li X P, Shi X J. Effect of long-term imbalanced fertilization on purple soil fertility[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2007,13(1):27-32.
[15]林治安,赵秉强,袁亮,等.长期定位施肥对土壤养分与作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009, 42(8):2809-2819.Lin Z A, Zhao B Q, Yuan L, et al. Effects of organic manure and fertilizers long-term located application on soil fertility and crop yield[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009,42(8):2809-2819.
[16]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008, 45(5):915-924.Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, et al. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008, 45(5):915-924.
[17]高祥照,马文奇,杜森,等.我国施肥中存在问题的分析[J].土壤通报,2001,32(6):258-261.Gao X Z, Ma W Q, Du S, et al. Current status and problems of fertilization in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2001, 32(6):258-261.
[18] Liu Q P, Guo Y L, Giesy J P. Assessment on ecological safety of farmland fertilization of China[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2014, 962-965:2170-2174.
[19]林葆,林继雄,李家康.长期施肥的作物产量和土壤肥力变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1994, 1(1):6-18.Lin B, Lin J X, Li J K. The changes of yield and soil fertility with long-term fertilizer application[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1994, 1(1):6-18.
[20]张国荣,李菊梅,徐明岗,等.长期不同施肥对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009, 42(2):543-551.Zhang G R, Li J M, Xu M G, et al. Effects of chemical fertilizer and organic manure on rice yield and soil fertility[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009, 42(2):543-551.
[21]骆东奇,白洁,谢德体.论土壤肥力评价指标和方法[J].生态环境学报,2002, 11(2):202-205.Luo D Q, Bai J, Xie D T. Research on evaluation norm and method of soil fertility[J]. Soil and Environmental Sciences, 2002, 11(2):202-205.
[22]包耀贤,徐明岗,吕粉桃,等.长期施肥下土壤肥力变化的评价方法[J].中国农业科学,2012, 45(20):4197-4204.Bao Y X, Xu M G, Lii F T, et al. Evaluation method on soil fertility under long-term fertilization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012,45(20):4197-4204.
[23]陈轩敬,赵亚南,柴冠群,等.长期不同施肥下紫色土综合肥力演变及作物产量响应[J].农业工程学报,2016, 32(z1):139-144.Chen X J, Zhao Y N, Chai G Q, et al. Integrated soil fertility and yield response to long-term different fertilization in purple soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016, 32(z1):139-144.
[24]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[四].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D. Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis(Third edition)[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[25] Pan G X, Smith P, Pan W N. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining the productivity and yield stability of cereals in China[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, 129(1-3):344-348.
[26]梁涛,陈轩敬,赵亚南,等.四川盆地水稻产量对基础地力与施肥的响应[J].中国农业科学,2015, 48(23):4759-4768.Liang T, Chen X J, Zhao Y N, et al. Response of rice yield to inherent soil productivity of paddies and fertilization in Sichuan basin[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23):4759-4768.
[27]蒋太明,罗龙皂,李渝,等.长期施肥对西南黄壤有机碳平衡的影响[J].土壤通报,2014, 45(3):666-671.Jiang T M, Luo L Z, Li Y et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon balance in a yellow soil of southwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2014, 45(3):666-671.
[28]李渝,刘彦伶,张雅蓉,等.长期施肥条件下西南黄壤旱地有效磷对磷盈亏的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016, 27(7):2321-2328.Li Y, Liu Y L, Zhang Y R, et al. Response of Olsen-P to P balance in yellow soil upland of southwestern China under long-term fertilization[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(7):2321-2328.
[29]温延臣,李燕青,袁亮,等.长期不同施肥制度土壤肥力特征综合评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2015, 31(7):91-99.Wen Y C, Li Y Q, Yuan L, et al. Comprehensive assessment methodology of characteristics of soil fertility under differentfertilization regimes in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(7):91-99.
[30]李忠芳.长期施肥下我国典型农田作物产量演变特征和机制[D].北京:中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2009.Li Z F. Characteristics and its mechanism of grain yield in typical cropland under long-term fertilization in China[D]. Beijing:PhD Dissertation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2009.
[31]马力,杨林章,沈明星,等.基于长期定位试验的典型稻麦轮作区作物产量稳定性研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):117-124.Ma L, Yang L Z, Shen M X, et al. Study on crop yield stability in a typical region of rice-wheat rotation based on long-term fertilization experiment[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 27(4):117-124.
[32]冀建华,刘光荣,李祖章,等.基于AMMI模型评价长期定位施肥对双季稻总产量稳定性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012, 45(4):685-696.Ji J H, Liu G R, Li Z Z, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on stability of double cropping rice yield based on AMMI model[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(4):685-696.
[33]魏猛,张爱君,诸葛玉平,等.长期不同施肥对黄潮土区冬小麦产量及土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(2):304-312.Wei M, Zhang A J, Zhuge Y P, et al. Effect of different long-term fertilization on winter wheat yield and soil nutrient contents in yellow Fluvo-aquic soil area[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017, 23(2):304-312.
[34]谢军,赵亚南,陈轩敬,等.有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率[J].中国农业科学,2016, 49(20):3934-3943.Xie J, Zhao Y N, Chen X J, et al. Nitrogen of organic manure replacing chemical nitrogenous fertilizer improve maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(20):3934-3943.
[35]刘艳,汪仁,邢月华,等.连续施氮对玉米产量稳定性及其增产潜力的调控[J].土壤通报,2016, 47(2):425-429.Liu Y, Wang R, Xing Y H, et al. Effects of continuous nitrogen application on yield stability and potential of corn[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 47(2):425-429.
[2]Chen X P, Cui Z L, Vitousek P M, et al. Integrated soil-crop system management for food security[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2011,108(16):6399-6404.
[3]Lal R, Stewart B A. World soil resources and food security[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press, 2012.
[4]黄兴成,石孝均,李渝,等.基础地力对黄壤区粮油高产、稳产和可持续生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017, 50(2):300-312.Huang X C, Shi X J, Li Y, et al. Inherent soil productivity effect on high, steady and sustainable yield of grain and oil crops in yellow soil region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(2):300-312.
[5]Bai Z G, Dent D L, Olsson L, et al. Proxy global assessment of land degradation[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2008, 24(3):223-234.
[6]Oldeman L R, Hakkeling R T A, Sombroek W G. World map of the status of human-induced soil degradation:an explanatory note[M].New York:International Soil Reference and Information Centre,1990.
[7]Wall D H, Six J. Give soils their due[J]. Science, 2015, 347(6223):695-695.
[8]潘根兴,程琨,陆海飞,等.可持续土壤管理:土壤学服务社会发展的挑战[J].中国农业科学,2015, 48(23):4607-4620.Pan G X, Cheng K, Lu H F, et al. Sustainable soil management:an emerging soil science challenge for global development[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23):4607-4620.
[9]尹世久,吴林海,张勇.我国粮食产量波动影响因素的经验分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2009, 29(10):28-34.Yin S J, Wu L H, Zhang Y. Empirical analysis of the factors influencing grain yield[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2009, 29(10):28-34.
[10]李书田,金继运.中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4207-4229.Li S T, Jin J Y. Characteristics of nutrient input/output and nutrient balance in different regions of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(20):4207-4229.
[11] Huang Y, Sun W. Changes in topsoil organic carbon of croplands in mainland China over the last two decades[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(15):1785-1803.
[12] Ma J C, He P, Xu X P, et al. Temporal and spatial changes in soil available phosphorus in China(1990-2012)[J]. Field Crops Research,2016, 192:13-20.
[13] He P, Yang L P, Xu X P, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China(1990-2012)[J]. Field Crops Research,2015, 173:49-56.
[14]李学平,石孝均.长期不均衡施肥对紫色土肥力质量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007, 13(1):27-32.Li X P, Shi X J. Effect of long-term imbalanced fertilization on purple soil fertility[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2007,13(1):27-32.
[15]林治安,赵秉强,袁亮,等.长期定位施肥对土壤养分与作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009, 42(8):2809-2819.Lin Z A, Zhao B Q, Yuan L, et al. Effects of organic manure and fertilizers long-term located application on soil fertility and crop yield[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009,42(8):2809-2819.
[16]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008, 45(5):915-924.Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, et al. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008, 45(5):915-924.
[17]高祥照,马文奇,杜森,等.我国施肥中存在问题的分析[J].土壤通报,2001,32(6):258-261.Gao X Z, Ma W Q, Du S, et al. Current status and problems of fertilization in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2001, 32(6):258-261.
[18] Liu Q P, Guo Y L, Giesy J P. Assessment on ecological safety of farmland fertilization of China[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2014, 962-965:2170-2174.
[19]林葆,林继雄,李家康.长期施肥的作物产量和土壤肥力变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1994, 1(1):6-18.Lin B, Lin J X, Li J K. The changes of yield and soil fertility with long-term fertilizer application[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1994, 1(1):6-18.
[20]张国荣,李菊梅,徐明岗,等.长期不同施肥对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009, 42(2):543-551.Zhang G R, Li J M, Xu M G, et al. Effects of chemical fertilizer and organic manure on rice yield and soil fertility[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009, 42(2):543-551.
[21]骆东奇,白洁,谢德体.论土壤肥力评价指标和方法[J].生态环境学报,2002, 11(2):202-205.Luo D Q, Bai J, Xie D T. Research on evaluation norm and method of soil fertility[J]. Soil and Environmental Sciences, 2002, 11(2):202-205.
[22]包耀贤,徐明岗,吕粉桃,等.长期施肥下土壤肥力变化的评价方法[J].中国农业科学,2012, 45(20):4197-4204.Bao Y X, Xu M G, Lii F T, et al. Evaluation method on soil fertility under long-term fertilization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012,45(20):4197-4204.
[23]陈轩敬,赵亚南,柴冠群,等.长期不同施肥下紫色土综合肥力演变及作物产量响应[J].农业工程学报,2016, 32(z1):139-144.Chen X J, Zhao Y N, Chai G Q, et al. Integrated soil fertility and yield response to long-term different fertilization in purple soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016, 32(z1):139-144.
[24]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[四].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D. Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis(Third edition)[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[25] Pan G X, Smith P, Pan W N. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining the productivity and yield stability of cereals in China[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, 129(1-3):344-348.
[26]梁涛,陈轩敬,赵亚南,等.四川盆地水稻产量对基础地力与施肥的响应[J].中国农业科学,2015, 48(23):4759-4768.Liang T, Chen X J, Zhao Y N, et al. Response of rice yield to inherent soil productivity of paddies and fertilization in Sichuan basin[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23):4759-4768.
[27]蒋太明,罗龙皂,李渝,等.长期施肥对西南黄壤有机碳平衡的影响[J].土壤通报,2014, 45(3):666-671.Jiang T M, Luo L Z, Li Y et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon balance in a yellow soil of southwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2014, 45(3):666-671.
[28]李渝,刘彦伶,张雅蓉,等.长期施肥条件下西南黄壤旱地有效磷对磷盈亏的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016, 27(7):2321-2328.Li Y, Liu Y L, Zhang Y R, et al. Response of Olsen-P to P balance in yellow soil upland of southwestern China under long-term fertilization[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(7):2321-2328.
[29]温延臣,李燕青,袁亮,等.长期不同施肥制度土壤肥力特征综合评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2015, 31(7):91-99.Wen Y C, Li Y Q, Yuan L, et al. Comprehensive assessment methodology of characteristics of soil fertility under differentfertilization regimes in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(7):91-99.
[30]李忠芳.长期施肥下我国典型农田作物产量演变特征和机制[D].北京:中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2009.Li Z F. Characteristics and its mechanism of grain yield in typical cropland under long-term fertilization in China[D]. Beijing:PhD Dissertation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2009.
[31]马力,杨林章,沈明星,等.基于长期定位试验的典型稻麦轮作区作物产量稳定性研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):117-124.Ma L, Yang L Z, Shen M X, et al. Study on crop yield stability in a typical region of rice-wheat rotation based on long-term fertilization experiment[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 27(4):117-124.
[32]冀建华,刘光荣,李祖章,等.基于AMMI模型评价长期定位施肥对双季稻总产量稳定性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012, 45(4):685-696.Ji J H, Liu G R, Li Z Z, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on stability of double cropping rice yield based on AMMI model[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(4):685-696.
[33]魏猛,张爱君,诸葛玉平,等.长期不同施肥对黄潮土区冬小麦产量及土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(2):304-312.Wei M, Zhang A J, Zhuge Y P, et al. Effect of different long-term fertilization on winter wheat yield and soil nutrient contents in yellow Fluvo-aquic soil area[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017, 23(2):304-312.
[34]谢军,赵亚南,陈轩敬,等.有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率[J].中国农业科学,2016, 49(20):3934-3943.Xie J, Zhao Y N, Chen X J, et al. Nitrogen of organic manure replacing chemical nitrogenous fertilizer improve maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(20):3934-3943.
[35]刘艳,汪仁,邢月华,等.连续施氮对玉米产量稳定性及其增产潜力的调控[J].土壤通报,2016, 47(2):425-429.Liu Y, Wang R, Xing Y H, et al. Effects of continuous nitrogen application on yield stability and potential of corn[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 47(2):425-429.