7种秋海棠叶片斑纹结构及遗传特性分析
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摘要
以7种(品种)秋海棠为材料,观察叶片斑区和非斑区组织结构、测定叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数F_v/F_m值,分析叶片斑纹的形成原因及银点秋海棠点状斑的遗传特性。结果显示:(1)银点秋海棠、铺地秋海棠、假厚叶秋海棠、‘皮卡’和‘非洲丛林’叶片斑区的上表皮细胞与栅栏组织细胞间存在空隙,非斑区则没有空隙,彩纹秋海棠和‘虎斑’的斑区与非斑区上表皮细胞和栅栏组织细胞间均紧密相连。(2)7种(品种)秋海棠叶片斑区和非斑区都具有完整的叶绿体超微结构,类囊体膜丰富,基质和基粒片层清晰;银点秋海棠、假厚叶秋海棠、‘皮卡’和‘非洲丛林’斑区的叶绿素a、b及总叶绿素含量均低于非斑区,而铺地秋海棠斑区和非斑区差别不大;除假厚叶秋海棠的斑区叶绿素荧光参数F_v/F_m值小于非斑区外,其余6种秋海棠均为斑区高于非斑区。(3)银点秋海棠与无斑种类杂交,杂交后代叶片有斑和无斑的植株约为1∶1,而其自交后代中有斑和无斑的植株比例近3∶1。研究发现,银点秋海棠、铺地秋海棠、假厚叶秋海棠、‘皮卡’和‘非洲丛林’的叶斑属于空隙结构型,彩纹秋海棠和‘虎斑’叶斑属于色素型。银点秋海棠点状叶斑与无斑是1对可遗传的相对性状,白色点状斑为显性性状。
7 Begoniaspecies(cultivars)were used as materials.The leaf tissue structure,chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_v/F_mwere observed to analyze the causes of leaf variegation formation and silver spots genetic characteristics by hybridization test.The results showed:(1)there were intercellular spaces between the abaxial epidermis cells and palisade tissue cells in variegated areas of B.deliciosa,B.handelii var.prostrata,B.pseudodryadis, 'Oeympica'and 'African Jungle',while no intercellular spaces in non-variegated areas,the abaxial epidermis cells and palisade tissue cells were linked tightly in B.masonianavar.maculataand 'Tiger'.(2)Chloroplasts in both variegated areas and non-variegated areas were intact of 7 Begoniaspecies(cultivars),the thylakoid membrane was rich,and the stroma lamella and grana lamella were clear.The chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophyll contents in the varie-gated areas were lower than the non-variegated areas' in B.deliciosa,B.pseudodryadis, 'Oeympica'and 'African Jungle',while in B.handelii var.prostratathere were no differences.The fluorescence parameter F_v/F_mwere higher in the variegated areas than that in the non-variegated areas of 6 Begonia species(cultivars)except B.pseudodryadis.(3)B.deliciosahybridized with other species without variegation,the ratio of plants with variegation and without variegation was nearly 3∶1,while the ratio of plants was close to 1∶1 in its self-hybrid offsprings.The research found that the variegations of B.deliciosa,B.handelii var.prostrata,B.pseudodryadis, 'Oeympica'and 'African Jungle'were belonged to structure variegation,the variegations of B.masonianavar.maculataand 'Tiger'were belonged to pigment variegation.The leaf with silver spots and without silver spots were a pair of characters which can be heritable,silver spots was a dominant character.
7 Begoniaspecies(cultivars)were used as materials.The leaf tissue structure,chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_v/F_mwere observed to analyze the causes of leaf variegation formation and silver spots genetic characteristics by hybridization test.The results showed:(1)there were intercellular spaces between the abaxial epidermis cells and palisade tissue cells in variegated areas of B.deliciosa,B.handelii var.prostrata,B.pseudodryadis, 'Oeympica'and 'African Jungle',while no intercellular spaces in non-variegated areas,the abaxial epidermis cells and palisade tissue cells were linked tightly in B.masonianavar.maculataand 'Tiger'.(2)Chloroplasts in both variegated areas and non-variegated areas were intact of 7 Begoniaspecies(cultivars),the thylakoid membrane was rich,and the stroma lamella and grana lamella were clear.The chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophyll contents in the varie-gated areas were lower than the non-variegated areas' in B.deliciosa,B.pseudodryadis, 'Oeympica'and 'African Jungle',while in B.handelii var.prostratathere were no differences.The fluorescence parameter F_v/F_mwere higher in the variegated areas than that in the non-variegated areas of 6 Begonia species(cultivars)except B.pseudodryadis.(3)B.deliciosahybridized with other species without variegation,the ratio of plants with variegation and without variegation was nearly 3∶1,while the ratio of plants was close to 1∶1 in its self-hybrid offsprings.The research found that the variegations of B.deliciosa,B.handelii var.prostrata,B.pseudodryadis, 'Oeympica'and 'African Jungle'were belonged to structure variegation,the variegations of B.masonianavar.maculataand 'Tiger'were belonged to pigment variegation.The leaf with silver spots and without silver spots were a pair of characters which can be heritable,silver spots was a dominant character.
引文
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[5]欧静,杨成华,耿连娟.贵州省野生秋海棠属植物观赏特性及应用研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2011,30(4):21-26.OU J,YANG C H,GENG L J.The ornamental characteristic and their applied research of wild Begoniain Guizhou province.[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2011,30(4):21-26.
[6]邹玲俐,钟树华,刘演,等.广西野生秋海棠属植物资源调查与园林应用[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(1):101-106.ZOU L L,ZHONG S H,LIU Y,et al.Investigation and landscape application of wild Begoniaplant resources in Guangxi[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2015,46(1):101-106.
[7]税玉民,李启任,黄素华.云南秋海棠属叶表皮及毛被的扫描电镜观察[J].云南植物研究,1999,21(3):309-316.SHUI Y M,LI Q R,HUANG S H.Obervation of leaf epidermis and its hair of Begoniafrom Yunnan[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1999,21(3):309-316.
[8]张嵘梅,陈文红,税玉民,等.中国秋海棠属植物的叶表皮特征及其分类学意义[J].云南植物研究,2008,30(6):665-678.ZHANG R M,CHEN W H,SHUI Y M,et al.Characters of leaf epidermis of Begonia(Begoniaceae)from China and their taxonomic significance[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2008,30(6):665-678.
[9]OGINUMA K,PENG C I.Karyomorphology of Taiwanese Begonia(Begoniaceae):taxonomic implications[J].Journal of Plant Research,2002,115(3):225-235.
[10]田代科,管开云,周其兴,等.云南八种秋海棠属植物的染色体数目[J].云南植物研究,2002,24(2):245-249.TIAN D K,GUAN K Y,ZHOU Q X,et al.Chromosome numbers of eight taxa of Begoniafrom Yunnan[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2002,24(2):245-249.
[11]BRENNAN A C,BRIDGETTS,ALI M S,et al.Genomic resources for evolutionary studies in the large,diverse,tropical genus,Begonia[J].Tropical Plant Biology,2012,5(4):261-276.
[12]ZHANG Y,HAYASHI T,HOSOKAWA M,et al.Metallic lustre and the optical mechanism generated from the leaf surface of Begonia rex Putz[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,121(2):213-217.
[13]SHEUE C R,PAO S H,CHIEN L F,et al.Natural foliar variegation without costs?The case of Begonia[J].Annals of Botany,2012,109(6):1 065-1 074.
[14]巩玥,陈海苗,姜闯道,等.植物叶片解剖结构的量化及其在C4植物高粱中的应用[J].植物学报,2014,49(2):173-182.GONG Y,CHEN H M,JIANG C D,et al.Quantification of leaf anatomical structure and its application in a C4plant,sorghum[J].Bulletin of Botany,2014,49(2):173-182.
[15]李合生,石群,赵世杰,等.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:134-137.
[16]HARA N.Study of the variegated leaves with special reference to those caused by air spaces[J].Journal of Japanese Botany,1957,117(6):86-101.
[17]杜文文,崔光芬,王继华,等.古林箐秋海棠叶斑结构对叶色的影响[J].广西植物,(2018-05-21).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1134.Q.20180515.1637.004.html DU W W,CUI G F,WANG J H,et al.Effect of foliar variegation structure on leaf color in Begoniagulinqingensis[J].Guihaia,(2018-05-21).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1134.Q.20180515.1637.004.html
[18]TSUKAYA H,OKADA H,MOHAMED M.A novel feature of structural variegation in leaves of the tropical plant Schismatoglottis calyptrate[J].Journal of Plant Research,2004,117(6):477-480.
[19]KONOPLYVA A,PRTROPOULOU Y,YIOTIS C,et al.The fine structure and photosynthetic cost of structural leaf variegation[J].Flora,2008,203(8):653-662.
[20]王振兴,曹建冉,秦红艳,等.狗枣猕猴桃彩叶色素含量和结构共同影响叶色[J].植物生理学报,2016,52(12):1 921-1 926.WANG Z X,CAO J R,QIN H Y,et al.Common effect of pigment content and leaf structure on leaf color in Actinidia kolomikta[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2016,52(12):1 921-1 926.
[21]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学通报,2005,22(s1):118-127.LI F L,BAO W K.Responses of the morphological and anatomical structure of the plant leaf to environmental change[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2005,22(s1):118-127.
[22]CHEN Y S,CHESSON P,WU H W,et al.Leaf structure affects a plant's appearance:combined multiple mechanisms intensify remarkable foliar variegation[J].Journal of Plant Research,2017,130(2):1-15.
[23]LA ROCCA N,RASCIO N,PUPILLO P.Variegation in Arum italicum leaves.a structural-functional study[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2011,49(12):1 392-1 398.
[24]HENNY R J.Inheritance of foliar varigation in three Aglaonemaspecies[J].Journal of Heredity,1983,74(5):475-476.
[25]HENNY R J.Single locus,multiallelic inheritance of follar variegation in Aglaonema[J].Journal of Heredity,1986,77(3):214-215.
[26]HENNY R J.Inheritance of the foliar variegation pattern fromAglaonema nitidum(Jack)Kunth‘Ernesto’s favorite’[J].Hortscience,1992,27(3):274-274.
[27]李景秀,管开云.毛叶秋海棠的杂交遗传特性[J].园艺学报,2001,28(5):440-444.LI J X,GUAN K Y.The genetic property of hybridization on Begonia rex[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2001,28(5):440-444.
[2]丁友芳,张万旗.野生秋海棠的引种栽培与鉴赏[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2017:1-9.
[3]崔卫华,管开云.中国秋海棠属植物叶片斑纹多样性研究[J].植物分类与资源学报,2013,35(2):119-127.CUI W F,GUAN K Y.Diversity of leaf variegation in Chinese Begonias[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2013,35(2):119-127.
[4]管开云,李景秀,李宏哲.云南秋海棠属植物资源调查研究[J].园艺学报,2005,32(1):74-80.GUAN K Y,LI J X,LI H Z.Summarization of Begoniaresources from Yunnan province[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(1):74-80.
[5]欧静,杨成华,耿连娟.贵州省野生秋海棠属植物观赏特性及应用研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2011,30(4):21-26.OU J,YANG C H,GENG L J.The ornamental characteristic and their applied research of wild Begoniain Guizhou province.[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2011,30(4):21-26.
[6]邹玲俐,钟树华,刘演,等.广西野生秋海棠属植物资源调查与园林应用[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(1):101-106.ZOU L L,ZHONG S H,LIU Y,et al.Investigation and landscape application of wild Begoniaplant resources in Guangxi[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2015,46(1):101-106.
[7]税玉民,李启任,黄素华.云南秋海棠属叶表皮及毛被的扫描电镜观察[J].云南植物研究,1999,21(3):309-316.SHUI Y M,LI Q R,HUANG S H.Obervation of leaf epidermis and its hair of Begoniafrom Yunnan[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1999,21(3):309-316.
[8]张嵘梅,陈文红,税玉民,等.中国秋海棠属植物的叶表皮特征及其分类学意义[J].云南植物研究,2008,30(6):665-678.ZHANG R M,CHEN W H,SHUI Y M,et al.Characters of leaf epidermis of Begonia(Begoniaceae)from China and their taxonomic significance[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2008,30(6):665-678.
[9]OGINUMA K,PENG C I.Karyomorphology of Taiwanese Begonia(Begoniaceae):taxonomic implications[J].Journal of Plant Research,2002,115(3):225-235.
[10]田代科,管开云,周其兴,等.云南八种秋海棠属植物的染色体数目[J].云南植物研究,2002,24(2):245-249.TIAN D K,GUAN K Y,ZHOU Q X,et al.Chromosome numbers of eight taxa of Begoniafrom Yunnan[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2002,24(2):245-249.
[11]BRENNAN A C,BRIDGETTS,ALI M S,et al.Genomic resources for evolutionary studies in the large,diverse,tropical genus,Begonia[J].Tropical Plant Biology,2012,5(4):261-276.
[12]ZHANG Y,HAYASHI T,HOSOKAWA M,et al.Metallic lustre and the optical mechanism generated from the leaf surface of Begonia rex Putz[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,121(2):213-217.
[13]SHEUE C R,PAO S H,CHIEN L F,et al.Natural foliar variegation without costs?The case of Begonia[J].Annals of Botany,2012,109(6):1 065-1 074.
[14]巩玥,陈海苗,姜闯道,等.植物叶片解剖结构的量化及其在C4植物高粱中的应用[J].植物学报,2014,49(2):173-182.GONG Y,CHEN H M,JIANG C D,et al.Quantification of leaf anatomical structure and its application in a C4plant,sorghum[J].Bulletin of Botany,2014,49(2):173-182.
[15]李合生,石群,赵世杰,等.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:134-137.
[16]HARA N.Study of the variegated leaves with special reference to those caused by air spaces[J].Journal of Japanese Botany,1957,117(6):86-101.
[17]杜文文,崔光芬,王继华,等.古林箐秋海棠叶斑结构对叶色的影响[J].广西植物,(2018-05-21).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1134.Q.20180515.1637.004.html DU W W,CUI G F,WANG J H,et al.Effect of foliar variegation structure on leaf color in Begoniagulinqingensis[J].Guihaia,(2018-05-21).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1134.Q.20180515.1637.004.html
[18]TSUKAYA H,OKADA H,MOHAMED M.A novel feature of structural variegation in leaves of the tropical plant Schismatoglottis calyptrate[J].Journal of Plant Research,2004,117(6):477-480.
[19]KONOPLYVA A,PRTROPOULOU Y,YIOTIS C,et al.The fine structure and photosynthetic cost of structural leaf variegation[J].Flora,2008,203(8):653-662.
[20]王振兴,曹建冉,秦红艳,等.狗枣猕猴桃彩叶色素含量和结构共同影响叶色[J].植物生理学报,2016,52(12):1 921-1 926.WANG Z X,CAO J R,QIN H Y,et al.Common effect of pigment content and leaf structure on leaf color in Actinidia kolomikta[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2016,52(12):1 921-1 926.
[21]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学通报,2005,22(s1):118-127.LI F L,BAO W K.Responses of the morphological and anatomical structure of the plant leaf to environmental change[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2005,22(s1):118-127.
[22]CHEN Y S,CHESSON P,WU H W,et al.Leaf structure affects a plant's appearance:combined multiple mechanisms intensify remarkable foliar variegation[J].Journal of Plant Research,2017,130(2):1-15.
[23]LA ROCCA N,RASCIO N,PUPILLO P.Variegation in Arum italicum leaves.a structural-functional study[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2011,49(12):1 392-1 398.
[24]HENNY R J.Inheritance of foliar varigation in three Aglaonemaspecies[J].Journal of Heredity,1983,74(5):475-476.
[25]HENNY R J.Single locus,multiallelic inheritance of follar variegation in Aglaonema[J].Journal of Heredity,1986,77(3):214-215.
[26]HENNY R J.Inheritance of the foliar variegation pattern fromAglaonema nitidum(Jack)Kunth‘Ernesto’s favorite’[J].Hortscience,1992,27(3):274-274.
[27]李景秀,管开云.毛叶秋海棠的杂交遗传特性[J].园艺学报,2001,28(5):440-444.LI J X,GUAN K Y.The genetic property of hybridization on Begonia rex[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2001,28(5):440-444.