青藏高原沙棘属植物种实表型多样性和发芽特性研究
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摘要
为研究沙棘属植物云南沙棘、江孜沙棘和肋果沙棘各采集点种实表型性状、种子发芽特性及其相关性,通过测定果实的鲜果长、宽、干果长、宽、果实含水量和种子的长度、宽度、长宽比、百粒重、种子含水量等表型性状,以及种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数等发芽特性,并比较浸种时间(12,24,48h)和培养温度(20,25,30℃)对种子发芽的影响。结果表明:青藏高原沙棘属3种植物各采集点种实表型性状和种子发芽特性存在显著差异;浸种24h,30℃发芽条件下,青藏高原沙棘属3个种9个采集地点种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均存在显著差异,其中类乌齐县肋果沙棘发芽率(95.68%)最高,白朗县江孜沙棘(86.00%)最低;温度设定在20～30℃之间,3种沙棘植物种子发芽势和发芽指数差异显著;浸种时间12～48h时,沙棘属植物种子发芽率差异显著;浸种24h,在温度25℃和30℃条件下,沙棘属植物种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高;种子发芽势与种子发芽指数呈极显著正相关,与鲜果宽呈极显著负相关,发芽指数与鲜果宽呈极显著负相关,种子百粒重与鲜果长、种子宽呈极显著正相关。
In order to study the seed phenotypic traits and seeds germination characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoidessubsp.Yunnanensis,Hippophae neurocarpaand Hippophae gyantsensis,and their correlation.The seeds germination were compared by measuring the phenotypic characteristics of seeds and fruits,germination rate,germination potential,germination index and other germination characteristics,and the soaking time(12,24,48 h)and culture temperature(20,25,30℃).The results showed that there were significant differences in seed phenotypic traits and seed germination characteristics among the three species of Hippophae in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Under the condition of soaking seeds for 24 hand 30℃germination,there were significant differences in seeds germination characteristics among the three species of Hippophae and the nine collection sites in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The highest germination rate was 95.68% of Hippophae neurocarpain LeiWuqi County,and the lowest was 86.8% of Hippophae gyantsensisinin Bailang County.When the temperature was 20-30℃,the difference of germination potential and germination index of three Hippophae plants was significant.When the soaking time was 12-48 h,there were significantly difference in the seeds germination rate of Hippophae.The seeds germination rate,germination potential and germination index of Hippophae were the highest 30℃for 24 h.The seed germination potential and germination index was negatively correlated with the fresh fruit width.The 100-grain weight of the seeds was significantly positively correlated with the length of fruit and the seeds width.
In order to study the seed phenotypic traits and seeds germination characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoidessubsp.Yunnanensis,Hippophae neurocarpaand Hippophae gyantsensis,and their correlation.The seeds germination were compared by measuring the phenotypic characteristics of seeds and fruits,germination rate,germination potential,germination index and other germination characteristics,and the soaking time(12,24,48 h)and culture temperature(20,25,30℃).The results showed that there were significant differences in seed phenotypic traits and seed germination characteristics among the three species of Hippophae in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Under the condition of soaking seeds for 24 hand 30℃germination,there were significant differences in seeds germination characteristics among the three species of Hippophae and the nine collection sites in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The highest germination rate was 95.68% of Hippophae neurocarpain LeiWuqi County,and the lowest was 86.8% of Hippophae gyantsensisinin Bailang County.When the temperature was 20-30℃,the difference of germination potential and germination index of three Hippophae plants was significant.When the soaking time was 12-48 h,there were significantly difference in the seeds germination rate of Hippophae.The seeds germination rate,germination potential and germination index of Hippophae were the highest 30℃for 24 h.The seed germination potential and germination index was negatively correlated with the fresh fruit width.The 100-grain weight of the seeds was significantly positively correlated with the length of fruit and the seeds width.
引文
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[22]张鹏,何梦雅,张宇,等.温度与浸种处理对沙棘种子萌发的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):130-133,138.
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[25]吴忠锋,杨锦昌,尹光天,等.海南岛油楠天然群体种子表型变异及其对种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(4):64-69.
[26]孙鹏,傅建敏,周道顺,等.柿属植物种子表型多样性及其萌发与幼苗生长研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(11):19-25.
[27]苏世平,李毅,种培芳,等.河西走廊不同红砂天然群体种子表型性状相关性研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):87-94.
[2]侯冬岩,回瑞华,李铁纯.沙棘的研究进展[J].鞍山师范学院学报,2002,4(1):49-53.
[3]李霓,蒋严妃,苏雪,等.肋果沙棘北缘居群的遗传多样性与遗传结构[J].广西植物,2016,36(5):557-563.
[4]郭柯.综谈沙棘的开发利用[J].植物杂志,198,6(2):15-16.
[5]舒媛媛.沙棘的研究进展[J].福建农业,2015(1):49-50.
[6]黄铨,佟金权.中国沙棘的表型结构与种群变异[J].林业科学研究,1993(2):175-182.
[7]Luhua Zhao,Ying Tu,Zhengyu Zhao,et al.Determination of alpha-tocopherol in the Traditional Chinese Medicinal preparation Sea buckthorn oil capsule by non-aqueous reversed phase-HPLC.[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2004,52(1).
[8]温江波.青藏高原东缘西藏沙棘、肋果沙棘遗传多样性[D].西北师范大学,2010.
[9]拉琼,张文驹,欧朗,等.珠穆朗玛峰绒布沟西藏沙棘生境类型及海拔梯度下表型变异[J].应用与环境生物学报,2010,16(2):173-178.
[10]吴琼.中国沙棘、云南沙棘表型多样性研究[D].西北师范大学,2007.
[11]赵曦阳,王军辉,张金凤,等.梓树属4个种种子表型性状和发芽特性的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2008,36(12):150-154.
[12]塔依尔,杨梅花.不同温度对沙棘种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2004,23(9):32-34.
[13]应叶青,申亚梅,李浪.3种阔叶树种子生活力四唑法测定研究[J].种子,2005,24(1):32-35.
[14]彭云霞,张东佳,武伟国,等.四唑染色法快速测定小叶黑柴胡种子生活力研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(12):1-4.
[15]宋松泉.种子生物学研究指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:57-61.
[16]林玲,段二龙,罗建.云杉属植物种子形态及萌发特征的种间变异[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(1):62-66.
[17]于淑兰.《林木种子质量分级》国家标准的研制及其实用价值[J].林业实用技术,2014(12):3-7.
[18]赵翾,赵树进.白木香群体的表型多样性分析[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007(4):117-122.
[19]WiltonP.S.da Silva,Jürgen W.Precker,Cleide M.D.P.S.Silva,et al.Calculation of the Uncertainty in the Determination of the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Pumpkin Seed Flour[J].International Journal of Food Engineering,2011,3(1).
[20]Nikolay D Menkov,Albena G Durakova.Equilibrium Moisture Content of Semi-Defatted Pumpkin Seed Flour[J].International Journal of Food Engineering,2011,1(3).
[21]陈民生,赵京岚,徐守国.玉米种子发芽特性与温度的相关性研究[J].山东农业科学,2007(2):40-43.
[22]张鹏,何梦雅,张宇,等.温度与浸种处理对沙棘种子萌发的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):130-133,138.
[23]马庆庆,丁继军.不同浸种措施对紫萼种子萌发的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(36):12 862-12 864.
[24]王红俊,陈志飞,张莹,等.浸种时间和浸种剂对草地早熟禾种子发芽的影响[J].草业科学,2014,31(11):2095-2104.
[25]吴忠锋,杨锦昌,尹光天,等.海南岛油楠天然群体种子表型变异及其对种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(4):64-69.
[26]孙鹏,傅建敏,周道顺,等.柿属植物种子表型多样性及其萌发与幼苗生长研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(11):19-25.
[27]苏世平,李毅,种培芳,等.河西走廊不同红砂天然群体种子表型性状相关性研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):87-94.