四川牡丹种实性状与环境因子的关系
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摘要
四川牡丹作为中国特有的野生牡丹种质资源,目前已处于濒危状态。为揭示四川牡丹种实性状特征,采用了方差分析、冗余分析和相关性分析的方法,研究了不同种源地四川牡丹的种实性状差异,以及种实性状与环境因子的关系。结果表明:种子成熟率、种子质量、种皮厚度和果实长宽比在样地间差异显著,生活力差异不显著。四川牡丹种实性状平均变异系数较大(21.27%),其中种子成熟率平均变异系数最大(41.95%),种皮厚度(23.71%)、种子质量(17.11%)和果实长宽比(14.6%)次之,生活力平均变异系数最小(8.99%);种实性状主要受海拔、土壤速效钾和有机碳质量分数的影响,其中种子成熟率随海拔的升高而显著下降,生活力随土壤速效钾质量分数的升高而显著增强,种皮厚度随土壤速效钾质量分数的升高而显著升高,果实长宽比随土壤速效钾质量分数的升高而显著降低,种子质量随土壤有机碳质量分数的降低而增加;种实性状变异主要受海拔和土壤速效养分质量分数的影响,其中种子成熟率变异随海拔的升高而显著升高,生活力变异随铵态氮质量分数的增加而降低,种子质量变异随速效磷质量分数的增加而增加,种皮厚度变异随速效磷质量分数的增加而降低,果实长宽比变异随速效钾质量分数的增加而降低。
In order to reveal the traits of follicles and seeds,we studied follicles and seeds traits of Paeonia decomposita from different provenances,then examined that of relationship with environmental factors by variance analysis,redundancy analysis and correlation analysis. The seed maturity,the quality of each seed,pericarp thickness and ratio of follicle length to width were differed significantly among sample plots. The averaged coefficient of variation for the five traits were larger(21.27%). The averaged variation coefficient of seed maturity was highest( 41. 95%),then were pericarp thickness(23.71%),the quality of each seed(17.11%) and ratio of follicle length to width(14.6%),that of viability was lowest(8.99%). Altitude,available potassium mass fraction and organic matter mass fraction contributed largely to follicles and seeds traits of P. decomposita. Seed maturity was decreased with the increase of altitude. With the increase of available potassium mass fraction,viability,pericarp thickness and ratio of follicle length to width were increased,increased and decreased,respectively. The quality of each seed was increased with the decrease of organic content. Altitude and soil available nutrients contributed largely to follicles and seeds traits variance of P. decomposita. Seed maturity variance was increased with the increase of altitude. Viability variance was decreased with the increase of available nitrogen content. With the increase of available phosphorous content,the quality of each seed variance and pericarp thickness were increased and decreased,respectively. Ratio of follicle length to width variance was increased with the decrease of available potassium content.
In order to reveal the traits of follicles and seeds,we studied follicles and seeds traits of Paeonia decomposita from different provenances,then examined that of relationship with environmental factors by variance analysis,redundancy analysis and correlation analysis. The seed maturity,the quality of each seed,pericarp thickness and ratio of follicle length to width were differed significantly among sample plots. The averaged coefficient of variation for the five traits were larger(21.27%). The averaged variation coefficient of seed maturity was highest( 41. 95%),then were pericarp thickness(23.71%),the quality of each seed(17.11%) and ratio of follicle length to width(14.6%),that of viability was lowest(8.99%). Altitude,available potassium mass fraction and organic matter mass fraction contributed largely to follicles and seeds traits of P. decomposita. Seed maturity was decreased with the increase of altitude. With the increase of available potassium mass fraction,viability,pericarp thickness and ratio of follicle length to width were increased,increased and decreased,respectively. The quality of each seed was increased with the decrease of organic content. Altitude and soil available nutrients contributed largely to follicles and seeds traits variance of P. decomposita. Seed maturity variance was increased with the increase of altitude. Viability variance was decreased with the increase of available nitrogen content. With the increase of available phosphorous content,the quality of each seed variance and pericarp thickness were increased and decreased,respectively. Ratio of follicle length to width variance was increased with the decrease of available potassium content.
引文
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[3]洪德元,周世良,何兴金,等.野生牡丹的生存状况和保护[J].生物多样性,2017,25(7):781-793.
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[7]杨勇,刘佳坤,曾秀丽,等.四川牡丹部分野生居群种子脂肪酸组分比较[J].园艺学报,2015,42(9):1807-1814.
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[9]童芬,谢登峰,曾心美,等.四川牡丹和圆裂四川牡丹遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(10):1968-1976.
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[11]林启冰,周志钦,赵宣,等.基于Adh基因家族序列的牡丹组(Sect.Moutan DC.)种间关系[J].园艺学报,2004,31(5):627-632.
[12]王士泉,张大明.四川牡丹和块根芍药第五号染色体异常的减数分裂证据[J].植物分类学报,2008,46(2):155-162.
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[14]JING X,ZHENG G.The characteristics in seed germination and dormancy of four wild species of tree peonies and their bearing on endangerment[J].Acta Photophysiologica Sinica,1999,25(3):214-221.
[15]杨勇,刘光立,宋会兴,等.四川牡丹胚乳浸提液对油菜种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(1):89-92.
[16]宋会兴,刘光立,高素萍,等.四川牡丹种子浸提液内源抑制物活性初探[J].园艺学报,2012,39(2):370-374.
[17]夏小梅,王娟,彭培好,等.四川牡丹生境群落的数量分类与排序[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(1):37-40.
[18]杨旭,杨志玲,王洁,等.濒危植物凹叶厚朴种实特性[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(5):1077-1081.
[19]WHEELER N C,GURIES R P.Population structure,genic diversity,and morphological variation in Pinus contorta Dougl.[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1982,12(3):595-606.
[20]张雷,金志农,黎祖尧,等.生境和地理因子对樟树种子性状及结构模型的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(5):15-20.
[21]毛建丰,李悦,刘玉军,等.高山松种实性状与生殖适应性[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(2):291-299.
[22]乔谦,丰震,任红剑,等.元宝枫天然种群种实表型多样性[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2707-2715.
[23]马莘,夏颖,马庆庆,等.四川牡丹群落物种生态位及空间关联度分析[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,28(4):57-61.
[24]PERRY D A.Seed vigour in peas(Pisum sativum L.)[J].Int Seed Testing Ass Proc,1969,34(2):221-232.
[25]白成科,曹博,李桂双.植物种子传播途径与基因组值和千粒重的相关性[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(4):832-837.
[26]HAMRICK J L,GODT M J W,SHERMAN-BROYLES S L.Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species[J].New Forests,1992,6(1):95-124.
[27]CORNELISSEN J H C,LAVOREL S,GARNIER E,et al.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide[J].Australian Journal of Botany,2003,51(4):335-380.
[28]傅家瑞.种子生理[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[29]刘世梁,马克明,傅伯杰,等.北京东灵山地区地形土壤因子与植物群落关系研究[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(4):496-502.
[30]窦全丽,何平,肖宜安,等.濒危植物缙云卫矛果实、种子形态分化研究[J].广西植物,2005,25(3):219-225.
[31]林丽,张德罡,曹广民,等.放牧强度对高寒嵩草草甸土壤养分特性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4664-4671.
[32]牛钰杰,杨思维,王贵珍,等.放牧作用下高寒草甸群落物种分布与土壤因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3891-3898.
[33]REICH P B,OLEKSYN J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11001.
[34]FREDEEN A L,RAAB T K,RAO I M,et al.Effects of phosphorus nutrition on photosynthesis in Glycine max(L.)Merr[J].Planta,1990,181(3):399-405.
[35]童贯和.不同供钾水平对小麦旗叶光合速率日变化的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(4):547-553.
[2]傅立国.中国植物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1991,533-538.
[3]洪德元,周世良,何兴金,等.野生牡丹的生存状况和保护[J].生物多样性,2017,25(7):781-793.
[4]冯正波.四川牡丹种子育苗[J].植物杂志,2002,4(2):37-37.
[5]中国牡丹全书编纂委员会.中国牡丹全书(上)[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002.
[6]成仿云,李嘉珏,陈德忠.中国野生牡丹自然繁殖特性研究[J].园艺学报,1997,24(2):180-184.
[7]杨勇,刘佳坤,曾秀丽,等.四川牡丹部分野生居群种子脂肪酸组分比较[J].园艺学报,2015,42(9):1807-1814.
[8]景新明,裴颜龙.野生紫斑牡丹和四川牡丹种子萌发特性及其致濒的关系[J].生物多样性,1995,3(2):84-87.
[9]童芬,谢登峰,曾心美,等.四川牡丹和圆裂四川牡丹遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(10):1968-1976.
[10]于玲,何丽霞,李嘉珏,等.牡丹野生种间蛋白质谱带的比较研究[J].园艺学报,1998,25(1):99-101.
[11]林启冰,周志钦,赵宣,等.基于Adh基因家族序列的牡丹组(Sect.Moutan DC.)种间关系[J].园艺学报,2004,31(5):627-632.
[12]王士泉,张大明.四川牡丹和块根芍药第五号染色体异常的减数分裂证据[J].植物分类学报,2008,46(2):155-162.
[13]JI L J,WANG Q,SILVA J A T D,et al.The genetic diversity of Paeonia L.[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2012,143(1):62-74.
[14]JING X,ZHENG G.The characteristics in seed germination and dormancy of four wild species of tree peonies and their bearing on endangerment[J].Acta Photophysiologica Sinica,1999,25(3):214-221.
[15]杨勇,刘光立,宋会兴,等.四川牡丹胚乳浸提液对油菜种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(1):89-92.
[16]宋会兴,刘光立,高素萍,等.四川牡丹种子浸提液内源抑制物活性初探[J].园艺学报,2012,39(2):370-374.
[17]夏小梅,王娟,彭培好,等.四川牡丹生境群落的数量分类与排序[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(1):37-40.
[18]杨旭,杨志玲,王洁,等.濒危植物凹叶厚朴种实特性[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(5):1077-1081.
[19]WHEELER N C,GURIES R P.Population structure,genic diversity,and morphological variation in Pinus contorta Dougl.[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1982,12(3):595-606.
[20]张雷,金志农,黎祖尧,等.生境和地理因子对樟树种子性状及结构模型的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(5):15-20.
[21]毛建丰,李悦,刘玉军,等.高山松种实性状与生殖适应性[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(2):291-299.
[22]乔谦,丰震,任红剑,等.元宝枫天然种群种实表型多样性[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2707-2715.
[23]马莘,夏颖,马庆庆,等.四川牡丹群落物种生态位及空间关联度分析[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,28(4):57-61.
[24]PERRY D A.Seed vigour in peas(Pisum sativum L.)[J].Int Seed Testing Ass Proc,1969,34(2):221-232.
[25]白成科,曹博,李桂双.植物种子传播途径与基因组值和千粒重的相关性[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(4):832-837.
[26]HAMRICK J L,GODT M J W,SHERMAN-BROYLES S L.Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species[J].New Forests,1992,6(1):95-124.
[27]CORNELISSEN J H C,LAVOREL S,GARNIER E,et al.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide[J].Australian Journal of Botany,2003,51(4):335-380.
[28]傅家瑞.种子生理[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[29]刘世梁,马克明,傅伯杰,等.北京东灵山地区地形土壤因子与植物群落关系研究[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(4):496-502.
[30]窦全丽,何平,肖宜安,等.濒危植物缙云卫矛果实、种子形态分化研究[J].广西植物,2005,25(3):219-225.
[31]林丽,张德罡,曹广民,等.放牧强度对高寒嵩草草甸土壤养分特性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4664-4671.
[32]牛钰杰,杨思维,王贵珍,等.放牧作用下高寒草甸群落物种分布与土壤因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3891-3898.
[33]REICH P B,OLEKSYN J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11001.
[34]FREDEEN A L,RAAB T K,RAO I M,et al.Effects of phosphorus nutrition on photosynthesis in Glycine max(L.)Merr[J].Planta,1990,181(3):399-405.
[35]童贯和.不同供钾水平对小麦旗叶光合速率日变化的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(4):547-553.