三七超窄行气吸式精密排种器设计与试验
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摘要
三七播种行株距均为50 mm左右,属于密集型精密播种。为实现三七超窄行精密播种,设计一种超窄行气吸式精密排种器。通过理论计算与数值模拟,确定主要结构参数;以云南文山三七种子为播种对象,基于EDEM离散元软件,对水滴形窝眼孔加工倾角影响充种性能进行仿真模拟试验,得出较佳加工倾角为50°;以吸孔负压、排种轮转速和种层高度为影响因素,以合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数和各行排量一致性变异系数为试验指标,进行三因素二次回归正交旋转组合试验。试验结果表明:影响合格指数的主次顺序为吸孔负压、排种轮转速、种层高度;当种层高度为50 mm、排种轮转速为34～48 r/min、吸孔负压为560～660 Pa时,合格指数大于93. 0%,重播指数小于3. 5%,漏播指数小于3. 5%,各行排量一致性变异系数小于3. 0%,满足三七播种要求。
Panax notoginseng is mainly grown in Yunnan Province. The planting area of Panax notoginseng has reached 672 km~2 until December 2017. The row spacing and plant spacing of the seedlings of Panax notoginseng are only 50 mm. In order to achieve high-density precision seeding of Panax notoginseng,an air-suction ultra-narrow-row device was designed for precise seed metering. Based on mechanical-pneumatic seed filling technology,the seed metering wheel had water drop-shaped holes on both sides. The seed metering device was compact. Compared with the air-suction cylinder seed metering device,the air chamber was smaller,which had lower requirements for air volume and wind pressure stability. The Wenshan Panax notoginseng seeds were chosen for seeding object. The simulation test of mechanical filling performance was based on the discrete element method,and the machining angle of water drop-shaped hole was taken as the single experimental factor. And the optimum of processing angle was obtained as 50°. Based on the three-factor quadratic orthogonal rotating combination test method,the influences of rotation speed of seed metering wheel,negative pressure of sucking hole and height of seed layer on seeding performance were explored. The experimental results showed that the affecting order of the qualified index was negative pressure of sucking hole,rotation speed of seed metering wheel and height of seed layer. Based on the results of examination,it was found that the fitting of the equations was good,the best parameter combination was pricking height of seed layer of 50 mm,rotation speed of seed metering wheel of 34 ～ 48 r/min and negative pressure of sucking hole of 560 ～660 Pa,and under the optimal condition,the qualified index was greater than 93. 0%,the missing index was less than 3. 5%,the multiple index was less than 3. 5% and variation coefficient of each row displacement consistency was less than 3. 0%. The air-suction ultra-narrow-row device for precise seed metering met the standard and requirements by comparing the results with the national standard and Panax notoginseng planting requirements. The approach of research was suitable for the exploitation of Panax notoginseng seed-metering device.
Panax notoginseng is mainly grown in Yunnan Province. The planting area of Panax notoginseng has reached 672 km~2 until December 2017. The row spacing and plant spacing of the seedlings of Panax notoginseng are only 50 mm. In order to achieve high-density precision seeding of Panax notoginseng,an air-suction ultra-narrow-row device was designed for precise seed metering. Based on mechanical-pneumatic seed filling technology,the seed metering wheel had water drop-shaped holes on both sides. The seed metering device was compact. Compared with the air-suction cylinder seed metering device,the air chamber was smaller,which had lower requirements for air volume and wind pressure stability. The Wenshan Panax notoginseng seeds were chosen for seeding object. The simulation test of mechanical filling performance was based on the discrete element method,and the machining angle of water drop-shaped hole was taken as the single experimental factor. And the optimum of processing angle was obtained as 50°. Based on the three-factor quadratic orthogonal rotating combination test method,the influences of rotation speed of seed metering wheel,negative pressure of sucking hole and height of seed layer on seeding performance were explored. The experimental results showed that the affecting order of the qualified index was negative pressure of sucking hole,rotation speed of seed metering wheel and height of seed layer. Based on the results of examination,it was found that the fitting of the equations was good,the best parameter combination was pricking height of seed layer of 50 mm,rotation speed of seed metering wheel of 34 ～ 48 r/min and negative pressure of sucking hole of 560 ～660 Pa,and under the optimal condition,the qualified index was greater than 93. 0%,the missing index was less than 3. 5%,the multiple index was less than 3. 5% and variation coefficient of each row displacement consistency was less than 3. 0%. The air-suction ultra-narrow-row device for precise seed metering met the standard and requirements by comparing the results with the national standard and Panax notoginseng planting requirements. The approach of research was suitable for the exploitation of Panax notoginseng seed-metering device.
引文
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[13]陈美舟,刁培松,张银平,等.大豆窄行密植播种机单盘双行气吸式排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(21):8-16.CHEN Meizhou,DIAO Peisong,ZHANG Yinping,et al.Design of pneumatic seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row in soybean narrow-row-dense-planting seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(21):8-16.(in Chinese)
[14]李杞超,陈海涛,纪文义.大豆窄行密植平作高速气吸式精密播种机性能试验[J].农机化研究,2013,35(4):163-167.LI Qichao,CHEN Haitao,JI Wenyi.Experiment of high-speed vacuum precision planter matched with soybean narrow-rowflat-dense seeding technique[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2013,35(4):163-167.(in Chinese)
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[16]倪向东,徐国杰,王琦,等.气吸滚筒阵列式棉花精密排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):58-67.NI Xiangdong,XU Guojie,WANG Qi,et al.Design and experiment of pneumatic cylinder array precision seed-metering device for cotton[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):58-67.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20171207&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.12.007.(in Chinese)
[17]张昆,衣淑娟.气吸滚筒式玉米排种器充种性能仿真与试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):78-86.ZHANG Kun,YI Shujuan.Simulation and experimental optimization on filling seeds performance of seed metering device with roller of air-suction[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):78-86.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170710&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.07.010.(in Chinese)
[18]GUARELLA P,PELLERANO A,PASCUZZI S.Experimental and theoretical performance of a vacuum seeder nozzle for vegetable seeds[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1996,64(1):29-36.
[19]BARUT Z B,OZMERZI A.Effect of different operating parameters on seed holding in the single seed metering unit of a pneumatic planter[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture&Forestry,2004,28(6):435-441.
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