水氮耦合对烤烟生长、产量和品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨贵州省黔东南州烤烟种植适宜的水氮耦合模式。【方法】采用田间小区试验,设置4种灌水水平,分别为0水平(W_0:0 L/株)、1水平(W_1:0.5 L/株)、2水平(W_2:1.0 L/株)、3水平(W_3:2.0 L/株),2种施氮水平,分别为1水平(N_1:90 kg/hm~2)、2水平(N_2:120 kg/hm~2),研究了不同施氮量和灌水量8个耦合处理对烤烟生长、烟叶产量和品质的影响。【结果】在试验范围内,烤烟成熟期,施氮量相同时,与W_0N_2处理相比,W_3N_2处理烟株的株高、最大叶面积、叶片数、茎围、节间距和根体积分别增加了13.22%、13.77%、14.36%、10.91%、10.63%和19.95%;当灌水量相同时,与W_3N_1处理相比,W_3N_2处理烟株的株高、最大叶面积、叶片数、茎围、节间距和根体积分别增加了5.39%、7.27%、7.43%、7.45%、0.74%和23.84%,烟叶产量提高2.06%;各等级烟叶中总糖、还原糖、总氮和总钾量均与灌水量极显著正相关,烟碱、蛋白质和含氯量均与灌水量负相关,灌水量和施氮量对烟叶中的化学成分存在显著交互作用;水氮耦合处理各等级烟叶的外观质量和评吸品质均表现较好。【结论】总体来看,以灌水量1.0～2.0 L/株,施氮量120 kg/hm~2的水氮耦合处理烟株生长状况较佳,烟叶产量较高,品质较好。
【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to experimentally elucidate the response of growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco to different fertigation schedules.【Method】The experiment was conducted in field,and we compared four irrigation rates: no irrigation(W_0), 0.5 L per plant(W_1), 1.0 L per plant(W_1) and 2.0 L per plant(W_3), and two nitrogen applications: 90 kg/hm~2(N1) and 120 kg/hm~2(N2). In each treatment, we measured the growth, yield and leaf quality of the tobacco.【Result】Compared with W0N2, W3N2 increased plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf area, stem girth, internodal length and root volume by 13.22%, 13.77%, 14.36%,10.91%, 10.63% and 19.95%, respectively. Compared with W3N1, W3N2 increased plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf area, stem girth, internodal length, root volume and yield by 5.39%, 7.27%, 7.43%, 7.45%, 0.74% and23.84% and 2.06% respectively. Total sugar, reduced sugar, total nitrogen and potassium content in all grade tobacco leaf were positively correlated to irrigation amount, contrasting to alkaloid, protein and chlorine content in tobacco leaf that decreased as the irrigation amount increased. Irrigation amount and nitrogen application interactively impacted chemical components of the tobacco leaf, and all treatments improved visual and tasting quality of all grade leaf, compared to the control.【Conclusion】Irrigating 1.0～2.0 L per plant coupled with 120 kg/hm~2 of nitrogen application gave the best yield and tobacco leaf quality in less fertile soils in Qiandongnan prefecture of Guizhou province. This could be disseminated to other areas to provide guidance for rational use of water and fertilizer resources and in the meantime improving tobacco quality.
【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to experimentally elucidate the response of growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco to different fertigation schedules.【Method】The experiment was conducted in field,and we compared four irrigation rates: no irrigation(W_0), 0.5 L per plant(W_1), 1.0 L per plant(W_1) and 2.0 L per plant(W_3), and two nitrogen applications: 90 kg/hm~2(N1) and 120 kg/hm~2(N2). In each treatment, we measured the growth, yield and leaf quality of the tobacco.【Result】Compared with W0N2, W3N2 increased plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf area, stem girth, internodal length and root volume by 13.22%, 13.77%, 14.36%,10.91%, 10.63% and 19.95%, respectively. Compared with W3N1, W3N2 increased plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf area, stem girth, internodal length, root volume and yield by 5.39%, 7.27%, 7.43%, 7.45%, 0.74% and23.84% and 2.06% respectively. Total sugar, reduced sugar, total nitrogen and potassium content in all grade tobacco leaf were positively correlated to irrigation amount, contrasting to alkaloid, protein and chlorine content in tobacco leaf that decreased as the irrigation amount increased. Irrigation amount and nitrogen application interactively impacted chemical components of the tobacco leaf, and all treatments improved visual and tasting quality of all grade leaf, compared to the control.【Conclusion】Irrigating 1.0～2.0 L per plant coupled with 120 kg/hm~2 of nitrogen application gave the best yield and tobacco leaf quality in less fertile soils in Qiandongnan prefecture of Guizhou province. This could be disseminated to other areas to provide guidance for rational use of water and fertilizer resources and in the meantime improving tobacco quality.
引文
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[31]刘钰,邵孝侯,陈丹艳,等.盆栽条件下水氮耦合对烤烟光合特性及产量的影响研究[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(2):99-102.
[32]付蕾,魏珉,李岩,等.不同灌溉施肥方式对日光温室甜椒生长、产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):8-14.
[33]CAKIR R,CEBI U.The effect of irrigation scheduling and water stress on the maturity and chemical composition of virginia tobacco leaf[J].Field Crops Research,2010,119(2/3):269-276.
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[2]余小芬,张晨东,解燕,等.水氮耦合对烟株生长、产量及主要化学成分的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(4):955-958.
[3]张海伟,何宽信,程小强,等.水氮运筹对紫色土旱地烤烟碳代谢、生长及品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(2):227-231.
[4]王李芳,刘国顺,张永辉,等.水氮耦合对烤烟干物质积累及产质量的影响[J].作物研究,2011,25(1):51-55.
[5]袁有波,李继新,苏贤坤,等.节水灌溉条件下水氮耦合对烤烟生长发育及生理性状的影响[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(6):781-785.
[6]李琰琰.水氮耦合对宜宾植烟土壤理化性状及烟叶产质量影响的研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.
[7]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[8]段亮,段增强,夏四清.农田氮、磷向水体迁移原因及对策[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007(4):6-11.
[9]杜连凤,赵同科,张成军,等.京郊地区3种典型农田系统硝酸盐污染现状调查[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2 837-2 843.
[10]刘新永,田长彦.棉花膜下滴灌水氮耦合效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):286-291.
[11]ERTEK A,ERDAL I,YILMAZ H I.Water and nitrogen application levels for the optimum tomato yield and water use efficiency[J].Journal of Agricultural Science&Technology,2012,14(4):889-902.
[12]范凤翠,李志宏,张立峰,等.日光温室番茄灌水量与根层硝态氮淋溶特征及渗漏关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1 161-1 169.
[13]CHAPIN F S,WLTER C H S,CLARKSON D T.Growth response of barley and tomato to nitrogen stress and its control by abscisic acid,water relations and photosynthesis[J].Planta,1988,173(3):352-366.
[14]张学科,李惠霞,张倓,等.滴灌条件下水氮减量对番茄氮素利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(3):45-50.
[15]毕晓庆,山楠,杜连凤,等.氮肥用量对设施滴灌栽培番茄产量品质及土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(11):2 246-2 250.
[16]国家烟草专卖局.烟草农艺性状调查方法:YC/T 142-1998[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998:227-231.
[17]国家烟草专卖局.烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法:YC/T 159-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:399-401.
[18]国家烟草专卖局.烟草及烟草制品总植物碱的测定连续流动法:YC/T 160-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:403-407.
[19]国家烟草专卖局.烟草及烟草制品钾的测定火焰光度法:YC/T 173-2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003:1-3.
[20]国家烟草专卖局.烟草及烟草制品氯的测定连续流动法:YC/T 162-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011:1-4.
[21]国家烟草专卖局.烟草及烟草制品感官评价方法:YC/T 138-1998[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998:175-188.
[22]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.烤烟国家分级标准:GB2635-1992[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992:2-14.
[23]刁朝强,钱晓刚,黄宁,等.水氮耦合对烤烟生长发育的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(32):11 270-11 271,11 281.
[24]张晨东,邱学礼,王攀磊,等.水氮耦合对香料烟生长发育、产量及主要化学成分的影响[J].热带农业科技,2016,39(3):37-40,46.
[25]肖金香,李立新,何宽信,等.水氮互作对烤烟农艺性状的影响研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(12):56-60.
[26]马振奇.水氮耦合对烤烟生长发育以及土壤养分的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.
[27]史宏志,范艺宽,刘国顺,等.烟草水肥耦合机理研究现状和展望[J].河南农业科学,2008,37(10):5-10.
[28]韦歆娜,姜俊红,李就好,等.水肥耦合对烤烟叶面积积累量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(5):85-90.
[29]徐国伟,王贺正,翟志华,等.不同水氮耦合对水稻根系形态生理、产量与氮素利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):132-141.
[30]杨慧,曹红霞,刘世和,等.水氮耦合对温室番茄光合特性与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):58-62.
[31]刘钰,邵孝侯,陈丹艳,等.盆栽条件下水氮耦合对烤烟光合特性及产量的影响研究[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(2):99-102.
[32]付蕾,魏珉,李岩,等.不同灌溉施肥方式对日光温室甜椒生长、产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):8-14.
[33]CAKIR R,CEBI U.The effect of irrigation scheduling and water stress on the maturity and chemical composition of virginia tobacco leaf[J].Field Crops Research,2010,119(2/3):269-276.
[34]PARKER R G.Evaluation of nitrogen sources and rates on yield and quality of modern flue-cured tobacco cultivars[D].Raleigh,NC:North Carolina State University,2009.
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