桂林岩溶石山青冈种群数量动态
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摘要
青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)是桂林岩溶石山常绿落叶阔叶混交林的优势种。以种群生命表和生存分析理论为基础,采用胸径大小分级法,编制了静态生命表,绘制了存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线和生存函数曲线,分析了青冈种群数量特征,同时结合种群动态量化方法和时间序列预测模型,进一步解析了青冈的种群数量动态变化特征。结果表明:青冈种群的年龄结构近似于倒"J"型,主要集中在Ⅰ龄级(个体数量比例占69.49%),但成功定植于下一龄级的个体比例较低;种群趋于DeeveyⅡ型,即稳定型;死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致,在第Ⅰ、Ⅵ龄级出现高峰期;生存率单调下降,累计死亡率单调上升,死亡密度曲线与危险率曲线变化规律一致;青冈种群具有前期锐减、中期稳定、后期衰退的特点;种群数量变化动态指数Vpi和Vpi'均大于0,种群稳定且略微增长,易受环境影响;在未来2、4、6个龄级时间后,老龄个体逐渐增多,若不及时抚育幼苗,种群将难以保持稳定。
Cyclobalanopsis glauca is a dominant species in the evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in Guilin karst mountainous areas. Little information is available about its population status. Here,we analyzed population structure and dynamics of C. glauca by using basic statistics including curves of survival rate,mortality rate,and disappearance rate as well as four survival function curves based on diameter size classes. We performed a time series model to predict the dynamics of C. glauca population in karst ecosystems. The results showed that the age structure was in an inverse-J shape,and mainly aggregated on age class Ⅰ( 69.49%). The proportion of individuals successfully colonized in the next age class was very low. The population approximately belonged to the Deevey-Ⅱ type and grew stably at present stage. Both the mortality and disappearance rate curves exhibited the same trend,with peaks in the first and sixth age classes. The survival rate of the population monotonically decreased,while the cumulative mortality rate increased,and mortality density and risk functional curves of the population varied in a similar trend. The C. glauca population sharply decreased in the young-aged period,stabilized in the middle-aged period,but declined in the old-aged period. The dynamic indices,Vpiand Vpi',were greater than zero,and showed a stable-growth type population with a little increase but being sensitive to external disturbance. Time sequence model suggested that the old-aged individuals would increase in the age-classes of 2,4,and 6 in the future,and that if the seedlings were not reared in time,the population would be unable to maintain stability.
Cyclobalanopsis glauca is a dominant species in the evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in Guilin karst mountainous areas. Little information is available about its population status. Here,we analyzed population structure and dynamics of C. glauca by using basic statistics including curves of survival rate,mortality rate,and disappearance rate as well as four survival function curves based on diameter size classes. We performed a time series model to predict the dynamics of C. glauca population in karst ecosystems. The results showed that the age structure was in an inverse-J shape,and mainly aggregated on age class Ⅰ( 69.49%). The proportion of individuals successfully colonized in the next age class was very low. The population approximately belonged to the Deevey-Ⅱ type and grew stably at present stage. Both the mortality and disappearance rate curves exhibited the same trend,with peaks in the first and sixth age classes. The survival rate of the population monotonically decreased,while the cumulative mortality rate increased,and mortality density and risk functional curves of the population varied in a similar trend. The C. glauca population sharply decreased in the young-aged period,stabilized in the middle-aged period,but declined in the old-aged period. The dynamic indices,Vpiand Vpi',were greater than zero,and showed a stable-growth type population with a little increase but being sensitive to external disturbance. Time sequence model suggested that the old-aged individuals would increase in the age-classes of 2,4,and 6 in the future,and that if the seedlings were not reared in time,the population would be unable to maintain stability.
引文
陈晓德.1999.植物种群与群落结构动态量化分析方法研究.生态学报,18(2):214-217.
邓仲吾,龙飞云.1988.桂林溪波山青冈栎林的群落分析.广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,6(1):42-54.
冯士雍.1982a.生存分析I.数学的实践与认识,12(1):72-80.
冯士雍.1982b.生存分析II.数学的实践与认识,12(1):64-74.
韩路,王家强,王海珍,等.2014.塔里木河上游胡杨种群结构与动态.生态学报,34(16):4640-451.
何平.2005.珍稀濒危植物保护生物学.重庆:西南师范大学出版社.
胡刚.2007.桂林岩溶石山青冈栎群落生态学研究.桂林:广西师范大学.
胡刚,梁士楚,张忠华.2007a.桂林岩溶石山青冈栎群落的数量分析.生态学杂志,26(8):1177-1181.
胡刚,梁士楚,张忠华,等.2007b.桂林岩溶石山青冈栎种内与种间竞争的数量关系.西北林学院学报,22(5):32-36.
胡满,曾思齐,龙时胜,等.2017.青冈栎次生林种群结构及动态特征.中南林业科技大学学报,37(11):111-113.
江洪.1992.云杉种群生态学.北京:中国林业出版社.
李立,陈建华,任海保,等.2010.古田山常绿阔叶林优势树种甜槠和木荷的空间格局分析.植物生态学报,34(3):241-252.
李先琨,苏宗明,吕仕洪,等.2003.广西岩溶植被自然分布规律及对岩溶生态恢复重建的意义.山地学报,21(2):129-130.
李阳兵,王世杰,容丽.2004.西南岩溶山地石漠化及生态恢复研究展望.生态学杂志,23(6):84-88.
梁士楚.1992.贵阳喀斯特山地云贵鹅耳枥种群结构和动态初探.植物生态学与地植物学学报,16(2):108-117.
梁士楚,李久林,程仕泽.2002.贵州青岩油杉种群年龄结构和动态的研究.应用生态学报,13(1):21-26.
刘国军,张希明,朱军涛,等.2011.准噶尔盆地东南缘梭梭种群结构与动态研究.西北植物学报,31(6):1250-1256.
刘海燕,杨乃坤,李媛媛,等.2016a.稀有濒危植物长柱红山茶种群特征及数量动态研究.植物科学学报,34(1):89-98.
刘海燕,杨乃坤,邹天才,等.2016b.贵州特有植物贵州槭的种群结构及动态研究.广西植物,36(5):548-556.
刘海洋,金晓玲,沈守云,等.2012.湖南珍稀濒危植物---珙桐种群数量动态.生态学报,32(24):7738-7746.
刘彦随,邓旭升,胡业翠.2006.广西喀斯特山区土地石漠化与扶贫开发探析.山地学报,24(4):228-233.
潘复静,张中峰,黄玉清,等.2012.基于年轮分析的桂林岩溶区青冈栎地上生物量研究.广西植物,32(4):464-467.
申仕康,马海英,王跃华,等.2008.濒危植物猪血木(Euryodendron excelsum H.T.Chang)自然种群结构及动态.生态学报,28(5):2404-2412.
魏宏图,Walker GL,贺善安,等.1992.江苏省云台山宿城自然保护区赤松林、年龄结构及其更新的特点.植物生态学与地植物学学报,16(1):52-63.
吴承祯,洪伟,谢金寿,等.2010.珍稀濒危植物长苞铁杉种群生命表分析.应用生态学报,11(3):333-336.
王静,徐广平,曾丹娟,等.2013.岩溶区和非岩溶区两种优势植物凋落叶分解的比较研究.广西植物,33(3):338-345.
王磊,孙启武,郝朝运,等.2010.皖南山区南方红豆杉种群不同龄级立木的点格局分析.应用生态学报,21(2):272-278.
解婷婷,苏培玺,周紫鹃,等.2014.荒漠绿洲过渡带沙拐枣种群结构及动态特征.生态学报,34(15):4272-4279.
杨凤翔,王顺庆,徐海根,等.1991.生存分析理论及其在研究生命表中的应用.生态学报,11(2):153-158.
姚贻强,张忠华,梁士楚,等.2008.桂林岩溶石山青冈栎种群的结构特征.浙江林业科技,28(4):9-11.
于倩,谢宗强,熊高明,等.2008.神农架巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)林群落特征及其优势种群结构.生态学报,28(5):1931-1941.
袁道先.1993.中国岩溶学.北京:地质出版社.
袁铁象,欧芷阳,苏志尧,等.2013.桂西南喀斯特山地蚬木野生种群结构与动态.中南林业科技大学学报,33(3):1-8.
张兴旺,张小平,郭传友,等.2013.皖北石灰岩山地青檀种群不同发育阶段的点格局分析.生态学杂志,32(3):542-555.
张中峰,黄玉清,莫凌,等.2008.桂林岩溶区青冈栎光合速率与环境因子关系初步研究.广西植物,28(4):478-482.
赵丽娟,项文化.2014.常绿阔叶林石栎和青冈种群生活史特征与空间分布格局.西北植物学报,3(6):1259-1268.
周纪伦,郑师章,杨持.1992.植物种群生态学.北京:高等教育出版社.
Armesto JJ,Casassa I,Dollenz O.1992.Age structure and dynamics of Patagonian beech forests in Torres del Paine National Park,Chile.Plant Ecology,98:13-22.
Deevey ES.1947.Life tables for natural populations of animals.Quarterly Review of Biology,22:283-314.
Gurevitch J,Scheiner SM,Fox GA.2002.The Ecology of Plants.Sunderland,Massachusetts,USA:Sinauer Associates.
Harcombe PA.1987.Tree life tables.Bioscience,37:557-568.
Leak WB.1975.Age distribution in virgin red spruce and northern hardwoods.Ecology,56:1451-1454.
Menges ES.1990.Population viability analysis for an endangered plant.Conservation Biology,4:52-62.
Svensson JS,Jegl JK.2001.Structure and dynamics of an undisturbed old-growth Norway spruce forest on the rising Bothnian coastline.Forest Ecology and Management,151:67-79.
The R Development Core Team.2018.R:A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.Vienna,Austria:RFoundation for Statistical Computing.
邓仲吾,龙飞云.1988.桂林溪波山青冈栎林的群落分析.广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,6(1):42-54.
冯士雍.1982a.生存分析I.数学的实践与认识,12(1):72-80.
冯士雍.1982b.生存分析II.数学的实践与认识,12(1):64-74.
韩路,王家强,王海珍,等.2014.塔里木河上游胡杨种群结构与动态.生态学报,34(16):4640-451.
何平.2005.珍稀濒危植物保护生物学.重庆:西南师范大学出版社.
胡刚.2007.桂林岩溶石山青冈栎群落生态学研究.桂林:广西师范大学.
胡刚,梁士楚,张忠华.2007a.桂林岩溶石山青冈栎群落的数量分析.生态学杂志,26(8):1177-1181.
胡刚,梁士楚,张忠华,等.2007b.桂林岩溶石山青冈栎种内与种间竞争的数量关系.西北林学院学报,22(5):32-36.
胡满,曾思齐,龙时胜,等.2017.青冈栎次生林种群结构及动态特征.中南林业科技大学学报,37(11):111-113.
江洪.1992.云杉种群生态学.北京:中国林业出版社.
李立,陈建华,任海保,等.2010.古田山常绿阔叶林优势树种甜槠和木荷的空间格局分析.植物生态学报,34(3):241-252.
李先琨,苏宗明,吕仕洪,等.2003.广西岩溶植被自然分布规律及对岩溶生态恢复重建的意义.山地学报,21(2):129-130.
李阳兵,王世杰,容丽.2004.西南岩溶山地石漠化及生态恢复研究展望.生态学杂志,23(6):84-88.
梁士楚.1992.贵阳喀斯特山地云贵鹅耳枥种群结构和动态初探.植物生态学与地植物学学报,16(2):108-117.
梁士楚,李久林,程仕泽.2002.贵州青岩油杉种群年龄结构和动态的研究.应用生态学报,13(1):21-26.
刘国军,张希明,朱军涛,等.2011.准噶尔盆地东南缘梭梭种群结构与动态研究.西北植物学报,31(6):1250-1256.
刘海燕,杨乃坤,李媛媛,等.2016a.稀有濒危植物长柱红山茶种群特征及数量动态研究.植物科学学报,34(1):89-98.
刘海燕,杨乃坤,邹天才,等.2016b.贵州特有植物贵州槭的种群结构及动态研究.广西植物,36(5):548-556.
刘海洋,金晓玲,沈守云,等.2012.湖南珍稀濒危植物---珙桐种群数量动态.生态学报,32(24):7738-7746.
刘彦随,邓旭升,胡业翠.2006.广西喀斯特山区土地石漠化与扶贫开发探析.山地学报,24(4):228-233.
潘复静,张中峰,黄玉清,等.2012.基于年轮分析的桂林岩溶区青冈栎地上生物量研究.广西植物,32(4):464-467.
申仕康,马海英,王跃华,等.2008.濒危植物猪血木(Euryodendron excelsum H.T.Chang)自然种群结构及动态.生态学报,28(5):2404-2412.
魏宏图,Walker GL,贺善安,等.1992.江苏省云台山宿城自然保护区赤松林、年龄结构及其更新的特点.植物生态学与地植物学学报,16(1):52-63.
吴承祯,洪伟,谢金寿,等.2010.珍稀濒危植物长苞铁杉种群生命表分析.应用生态学报,11(3):333-336.
王静,徐广平,曾丹娟,等.2013.岩溶区和非岩溶区两种优势植物凋落叶分解的比较研究.广西植物,33(3):338-345.
王磊,孙启武,郝朝运,等.2010.皖南山区南方红豆杉种群不同龄级立木的点格局分析.应用生态学报,21(2):272-278.
解婷婷,苏培玺,周紫鹃,等.2014.荒漠绿洲过渡带沙拐枣种群结构及动态特征.生态学报,34(15):4272-4279.
杨凤翔,王顺庆,徐海根,等.1991.生存分析理论及其在研究生命表中的应用.生态学报,11(2):153-158.
姚贻强,张忠华,梁士楚,等.2008.桂林岩溶石山青冈栎种群的结构特征.浙江林业科技,28(4):9-11.
于倩,谢宗强,熊高明,等.2008.神农架巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)林群落特征及其优势种群结构.生态学报,28(5):1931-1941.
袁道先.1993.中国岩溶学.北京:地质出版社.
袁铁象,欧芷阳,苏志尧,等.2013.桂西南喀斯特山地蚬木野生种群结构与动态.中南林业科技大学学报,33(3):1-8.
张兴旺,张小平,郭传友,等.2013.皖北石灰岩山地青檀种群不同发育阶段的点格局分析.生态学杂志,32(3):542-555.
张中峰,黄玉清,莫凌,等.2008.桂林岩溶区青冈栎光合速率与环境因子关系初步研究.广西植物,28(4):478-482.
赵丽娟,项文化.2014.常绿阔叶林石栎和青冈种群生活史特征与空间分布格局.西北植物学报,3(6):1259-1268.
周纪伦,郑师章,杨持.1992.植物种群生态学.北京:高等教育出版社.
Armesto JJ,Casassa I,Dollenz O.1992.Age structure and dynamics of Patagonian beech forests in Torres del Paine National Park,Chile.Plant Ecology,98:13-22.
Deevey ES.1947.Life tables for natural populations of animals.Quarterly Review of Biology,22:283-314.
Gurevitch J,Scheiner SM,Fox GA.2002.The Ecology of Plants.Sunderland,Massachusetts,USA:Sinauer Associates.
Harcombe PA.1987.Tree life tables.Bioscience,37:557-568.
Leak WB.1975.Age distribution in virgin red spruce and northern hardwoods.Ecology,56:1451-1454.
Menges ES.1990.Population viability analysis for an endangered plant.Conservation Biology,4:52-62.
Svensson JS,Jegl JK.2001.Structure and dynamics of an undisturbed old-growth Norway spruce forest on the rising Bothnian coastline.Forest Ecology and Management,151:67-79.
The R Development Core Team.2018.R:A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.Vienna,Austria:RFoundation for Statistical Computing.