土壤pH值与镉含量对水稻产量和不同器官镉累积的影响
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摘要
为探明水稻产量与镉积累分配对土壤pH值和镉含量的响应,以3个籽粒Cd含量差异明显的晚稻品种(天优华占,TY;星2号,X2;湘晚籼13号,XW)为试验材料,分别于不同pH值稻田研究土壤镉(Cd)含量对水稻产量和不同器官Cd累积的影响,并比较了品种间差异。结果表明,水稻产量因土壤p H值下降而下降,且品种间降幅差异明显,以X2最大(21. 72%～33. 81%),XW最小(3. 05%～17. 71%);添加0. 5 mg·kg-1Cd时水稻减产不显著,但添加1. 0 mg·kg-1Cd时各品种均显著减产,且其降幅与品种和土壤pH值有关,X2和XW在酸化条件下降幅较大,而TY在正常pH条件下降幅较大。植株(整株) Cd含量存在品种间差异,各品种植株Cd含量均随着土壤Cd浓度的提高与土壤pH值的下降而显著提高,且植株Cd含量峰值因土壤酸化而提前。水稻器官间Cd含量依次表现根>茎>穗>叶,各器官Cd含量均随着土壤Cd浓度提高而显著增大,但增大倍数存在器官间差异;品种间器官Cd含量差异明显,营养器官表现为X2>TY>XW,而稻穗表现为TY>X2>XW。水稻各器官及全株Cd累积量均随着土壤Cd浓度提高和土壤pH值降低而显著增大,成熟期累积量表现为茎>穗>根>叶;品种间Cd累积量差异明显,营养器官和整株Cd累积量表现为X2>XW>TY,而穗Cd累积量表现为TY>X2>XW。Cd分配比例一般以茎为最高,叶最低,土壤酸化使茎、叶所占比例增大,根、穗所占比例降低;品种间Cd分配比例存在一定差异,穗Cd所占比例表现为TY>X2>XW。可见,水稻产量与器官间Cd累积分配规律受到土壤Cd含量和p H值的影响显著,同时也具有明显的品种间差异。本研究为不同水稻品种在不同p H值与Cd含量稻田上的应用提供了理论依据。
Effects of Cd content in soil on rice yield and Cd accumulation were investigated in paddy field with different p H with three late rice varieties with different Cd content in grains,Tianyouhuazhan( TY),Xing No. 2( X2) and Xiangwanxian No.13( XW),as materials,and the differences among varieties were compared to probe the response of rice yield and Cd accumulation and distribution to soil p H and Cd content. The results showed that rice yield was decreased with the reduce of soil pH,while the decreasing range was different among varieties; that of X2 was the biggest,21. 72% ～ 33. 81%,and that of XW was the smallest,3. 05% ～ 17. 71%. Decrease of rice yield was not significant when Cd of 0. 5 mg·kg-1 was added in soil,while it was significant when Cd 1. 0 mg·kg-1 was applied in soil,and the decreasing range was related to variety and soil pH; that of X2 and XW was bigger in acidified paddy field,while that of TY was bigger in paddy field with normal p H value. Varietal difference in Cd content in whole plant existed,and Cd content in whole plant of 3 varieties was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content and the decrement of soil pH,and the peak value of Cd content in whole plant appeared ahead in the acidified field. Cd content in organs showed the trend of root>stem>panicle>leaf,and which was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content,while the increase multiple was different among organs. Cd content in organs was different among varieties,that in vegetable organs showed the trend of X2>TY>XW,while that in panicle follow the order of TY>X2>XW. Cd accumulation in rice leaves,stems,roots and the whole plant was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content and decrement of soil p H,and abided by stem >panicle >root > leaf at maturity. Clear difference in Cd accumulation among varieties existed,Cd accumulation in vegetable organs and whole plant showed the trend of X2>XW>TY,while Cd accumulation in panicle had the trend of TY>X2>XW. As for Cd distribution proportion,the biggest was stems,and the smallest was leaves. Under acidified soil condition,Cd distribution proportion of stems and leaves was increased,while that of roots and panicles was decreased. Cd distribution proportion was different among varieties,and Cd distribution proportion in panicles followed the sequence of TY > X2 > XW. Comprehensively,rice yield and Cd accumulation and distribution among organs were significantly affected by soil p H and Cd content,at the same time clear varietal difference also existed. This study provides a theoretical basis for application of different rice varieties in paddy fields with different p H and Cd content.
Effects of Cd content in soil on rice yield and Cd accumulation were investigated in paddy field with different p H with three late rice varieties with different Cd content in grains,Tianyouhuazhan( TY),Xing No. 2( X2) and Xiangwanxian No.13( XW),as materials,and the differences among varieties were compared to probe the response of rice yield and Cd accumulation and distribution to soil p H and Cd content. The results showed that rice yield was decreased with the reduce of soil pH,while the decreasing range was different among varieties; that of X2 was the biggest,21. 72% ～ 33. 81%,and that of XW was the smallest,3. 05% ～ 17. 71%. Decrease of rice yield was not significant when Cd of 0. 5 mg·kg-1 was added in soil,while it was significant when Cd 1. 0 mg·kg-1 was applied in soil,and the decreasing range was related to variety and soil pH; that of X2 and XW was bigger in acidified paddy field,while that of TY was bigger in paddy field with normal p H value. Varietal difference in Cd content in whole plant existed,and Cd content in whole plant of 3 varieties was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content and the decrement of soil pH,and the peak value of Cd content in whole plant appeared ahead in the acidified field. Cd content in organs showed the trend of root>stem>panicle>leaf,and which was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content,while the increase multiple was different among organs. Cd content in organs was different among varieties,that in vegetable organs showed the trend of X2>TY>XW,while that in panicle follow the order of TY>X2>XW. Cd accumulation in rice leaves,stems,roots and the whole plant was significantly increased with the increment of soil Cd content and decrement of soil p H,and abided by stem >panicle >root > leaf at maturity. Clear difference in Cd accumulation among varieties existed,Cd accumulation in vegetable organs and whole plant showed the trend of X2>XW>TY,while Cd accumulation in panicle had the trend of TY>X2>XW. As for Cd distribution proportion,the biggest was stems,and the smallest was leaves. Under acidified soil condition,Cd distribution proportion of stems and leaves was increased,while that of roots and panicles was decreased. Cd distribution proportion was different among varieties,and Cd distribution proportion in panicles followed the sequence of TY > X2 > XW. Comprehensively,rice yield and Cd accumulation and distribution among organs were significantly affected by soil p H and Cd content,at the same time clear varietal difference also existed. This study provides a theoretical basis for application of different rice varieties in paddy fields with different p H and Cd content.
引文
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[3]张杰,梁永超,娄运生,华海霞.镉胁迫对两个水稻品种幼苗光合参数、可溶性糖和植株生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):774-780
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[9]宋阿琳,娄运生,梁永超.不同水稻品种对铜镉的吸收与耐性研究[J].农业资源与环境科学,2006,22(9):408-411
[10]张锡洲,张洪江,李廷轩,余海英.水稻镉耐性差异及镉低积累种质资源的筛选[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(11):1434-1440
[11]龙小林,向珣朝,徐艳芳,苏文丽,康翠芳.镉胁迫下籼稻和粳稻对镉的吸收、转移和分配研究[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):177-184
[12]王美娥,彭驰,陈卫平.水稻品种及典型土壤改良措施对稻米吸收镉的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4283-4290
[13]张翠翠,常介田,高素玲,赵全志.硅处理对镉锌胁迫下水稻产量及植株生理特性的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(6):936-941
[14]史静,潘根兴,夏运生,张仕颖,张乃明.镉胁迫对两品种水稻生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(5):832-837
[15]沈国明,上官李娜.镉胁迫对镉低积累突变体cadL-5非酶促防御系统的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(6):1186-1195
[16]胡宁静,骆永明,宋静.长江三角洲地区典型土壤对镉的吸附及其与有机质、p H和温度的关系[J].土壤学报,2007,44(3):437-443
[17]刘佳丽,王祖伟,张辉.模拟降水对碱性盐化土壤中镉的淋滤及形态变化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(8):1974-1978
[18]张磊,宋凤斌.土壤吸附重金属的影响因素研究现状及展望[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):628-631
[19] Eriksson J E. A field study on factors influencing Cd levels in soilsand in grains of oats and winter wheat[J]. Water,Air and SoilPollution,1990,53:69-81
[20] Naidu R,Bolan N S,Kookana R S. Ionic-strength and pH effectson the sorption of Cadmium and the surface charge of soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1994,45:419-429
[21]杨忠芳,陈岳龙,钱鑂,郭莉,诸惠燕.土壤pH对镉存在形态影响的模拟实验研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(1):252-260
[22]吕严凤,李长欣,蒋容,杨占彪.油枯对镉污染土壤的钝化研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1166-1172
[23]李坤权,刘建国,陆小龙,杨建昌,张祖建,宋庆森.水稻不同品种对镉吸收及分配的差异[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(5):529-532
[24]张儒德,李军,秦利,韩颖,孟博,黄元财.辽宁省5种不同基因型水稻对镉吸收差异的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(5):842-849
[25]潘杨,赵玉杰,周其文,刘潇威,张铁亮,徐亚平,李野,吕文魁.南方稻区土壤p H变化对稻米吸收镉的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(16):235-238
[26]吕银斐.不同水分管理方式对水稻镉积累的影响[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2015
[27] Tudoreanu L, Phillips C J C. Modeling cadmium uptake andaccumulation in plants[J]. Advances in Agronomy,2004,84:121-157
[28]胡宁静,骆永明,宋静,吴龙华,郑茂坤.土壤中植物有效态镉提取方法比较[J].生态与农村环境学报,2008,24(3):64-68
[29]麦博儒.模拟酸雨对农作物生长发育、产量及营养品质的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2008
[30]周娟.土壤酸化影响早稻氮利用效率的生理机制初探[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013
[31]孙聪,陈世宝,宋文恩,李宁.不同品种水稻对土壤中镉的富集特征及敏感性分布(SSD)[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(12):2384-2394
[32]邹继颖,刘辉,祝惠,吴文龙,荣洪刚.重金属汞镉污染对水稻生长发育的影响[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(4):227-232
[2]何俊瑜,王阳阳,任艳芳,周国强,杨良静.镉胁迫对不同水稻品种幼苗根系形态和生理特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1863-1868
[3]张杰,梁永超,娄运生,华海霞.镉胁迫对两个水稻品种幼苗光合参数、可溶性糖和植株生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):774-780
[4]章秀福,王丹英,储开富,杨春刚,牟仁祥,陈铭学,朱智伟,何庆富,廖西元.镉胁迫下水稻SOD活性和MDA含量的变化及其基因型差异[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(2):194-198
[5]肖美秀,林文雄,陈祥旭,梁义元.镉在水稻体内的分配规律与水稻镉耐性的关系[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(2):379-381
[6]张利强.水稻重金属镉的吸收、转运和积累特性研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012
[7]赵步洪,张洪熙,奚岭林,朱庆森,杨建昌.杂交水稻不同器官镉浓度与累积量[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(3):306-312
[8]蒋彬,张慧萍.水稻精米中铅镉砷含量基因型差异的研究[J].云南师范大学学报,2002,22(3):37-40
[9]宋阿琳,娄运生,梁永超.不同水稻品种对铜镉的吸收与耐性研究[J].农业资源与环境科学,2006,22(9):408-411
[10]张锡洲,张洪江,李廷轩,余海英.水稻镉耐性差异及镉低积累种质资源的筛选[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(11):1434-1440
[11]龙小林,向珣朝,徐艳芳,苏文丽,康翠芳.镉胁迫下籼稻和粳稻对镉的吸收、转移和分配研究[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):177-184
[12]王美娥,彭驰,陈卫平.水稻品种及典型土壤改良措施对稻米吸收镉的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4283-4290
[13]张翠翠,常介田,高素玲,赵全志.硅处理对镉锌胁迫下水稻产量及植株生理特性的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(6):936-941
[14]史静,潘根兴,夏运生,张仕颖,张乃明.镉胁迫对两品种水稻生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(5):832-837
[15]沈国明,上官李娜.镉胁迫对镉低积累突变体cadL-5非酶促防御系统的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(6):1186-1195
[16]胡宁静,骆永明,宋静.长江三角洲地区典型土壤对镉的吸附及其与有机质、p H和温度的关系[J].土壤学报,2007,44(3):437-443
[17]刘佳丽,王祖伟,张辉.模拟降水对碱性盐化土壤中镉的淋滤及形态变化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(8):1974-1978
[18]张磊,宋凤斌.土壤吸附重金属的影响因素研究现状及展望[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):628-631
[19] Eriksson J E. A field study on factors influencing Cd levels in soilsand in grains of oats and winter wheat[J]. Water,Air and SoilPollution,1990,53:69-81
[20] Naidu R,Bolan N S,Kookana R S. Ionic-strength and pH effectson the sorption of Cadmium and the surface charge of soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1994,45:419-429
[21]杨忠芳,陈岳龙,钱鑂,郭莉,诸惠燕.土壤pH对镉存在形态影响的模拟实验研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(1):252-260
[22]吕严凤,李长欣,蒋容,杨占彪.油枯对镉污染土壤的钝化研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1166-1172
[23]李坤权,刘建国,陆小龙,杨建昌,张祖建,宋庆森.水稻不同品种对镉吸收及分配的差异[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(5):529-532
[24]张儒德,李军,秦利,韩颖,孟博,黄元财.辽宁省5种不同基因型水稻对镉吸收差异的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(5):842-849
[25]潘杨,赵玉杰,周其文,刘潇威,张铁亮,徐亚平,李野,吕文魁.南方稻区土壤p H变化对稻米吸收镉的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(16):235-238
[26]吕银斐.不同水分管理方式对水稻镉积累的影响[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2015
[27] Tudoreanu L, Phillips C J C. Modeling cadmium uptake andaccumulation in plants[J]. Advances in Agronomy,2004,84:121-157
[28]胡宁静,骆永明,宋静,吴龙华,郑茂坤.土壤中植物有效态镉提取方法比较[J].生态与农村环境学报,2008,24(3):64-68
[29]麦博儒.模拟酸雨对农作物生长发育、产量及营养品质的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2008
[30]周娟.土壤酸化影响早稻氮利用效率的生理机制初探[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013
[31]孙聪,陈世宝,宋文恩,李宁.不同品种水稻对土壤中镉的富集特征及敏感性分布(SSD)[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(12):2384-2394
[32]邹继颖,刘辉,祝惠,吴文龙,荣洪刚.重金属汞镉污染对水稻生长发育的影响[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(4):227-232