基于科学级CCD的紫外成像系统设计与实现
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摘要
为了获取高信噪比的图像,采用紫外敏感型科学级光电探测器CCD47-20,设计了可在特定紫外波段对燃料燃烧火焰进行快速曝光成像的紫外成像系统。CCD47-20具有较深的势阱,可以保证成像系统的信噪比。然而对于此类CCD,其曝光时间通常在200ms以上。为了实现对目标的快速曝光,在分析CCD47-20的性能及工作原理基础上,设计了基于两次帧转移、一次水平读出的CCD驱动时序方法,完成了成像系统的设计,将CCD的曝光时间缩短至10ms。在实验室对系统进行了辐照测试,结果表明,当曝光时间改变时,CCD响应度为线性,验证了时序及驱动电路设计的正确性。信噪比测试结果表明系统信噪比达到46.8dB。在外场,对固体燃料火焰进行了成像,获取了火焰在特定紫外波段的图像,捕捉到了剧烈燃烧的火焰形状,验证了紫外成像系统快速曝光的性能。
To obtain images with high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),a ultraviolet imaging system is developed based on a scientific grade CCD(CCD47-20)which is sensitive on ultraviolet.The imaging system can quickly image flames of burning solid fuel at particular ultraviolet waveband.CCD47-20 has deeper potential sell,which guarantees SNR of the imaging system.However,the exposure time of these CCD is usually above 200 ms.To realize quick exposure on target,a CCD driven timing sequence with twice-frame-transfer and once-horizontal-readout is designed based on the analysis of performance and working principle of CCD47-20.The design of imaging system is finished,and the exposure time of CCD is reduced to 10 ms.The irradiation test of the system is carried out in the laboratory.The results show that when exposure time changes,the responsivity of CCD is linear,which verifies the correctness of design of timing sequence and driven circuit.SNR test results show that the SNR of the system can reach 46.8dB.Flames of burning fuel in the specified ultraviolet waveband are imaged using the ultraviolet imaging system.Shapes of flames are captured,which validates the fast exposure performance of ultraviolet imaging system.
To obtain images with high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),a ultraviolet imaging system is developed based on a scientific grade CCD(CCD47-20)which is sensitive on ultraviolet.The imaging system can quickly image flames of burning solid fuel at particular ultraviolet waveband.CCD47-20 has deeper potential sell,which guarantees SNR of the imaging system.However,the exposure time of these CCD is usually above 200 ms.To realize quick exposure on target,a CCD driven timing sequence with twice-frame-transfer and once-horizontal-readout is designed based on the analysis of performance and working principle of CCD47-20.The design of imaging system is finished,and the exposure time of CCD is reduced to 10 ms.The irradiation test of the system is carried out in the laboratory.The results show that when exposure time changes,the responsivity of CCD is linear,which verifies the correctness of design of timing sequence and driven circuit.SNR test results show that the SNR of the system can reach 46.8dB.Flames of burning fuel in the specified ultraviolet waveband are imaged using the ultraviolet imaging system.Shapes of flames are captured,which validates the fast exposure performance of ultraviolet imaging system.
引文
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[2]Yu Da,Zhou Huaide,Long Kehui,et al.Screening and testing method for area CCD[J].Chinese J Lasers,2013,40(7):0708001.余达,周怀得,龙科慧,等.一种面阵CCD的筛选测试方法[J].中国激光,2013,40(7):0708001.
[3]Chen Jianwu,Cao Kaiqin,Sun Dexin,et al.Driving techniques for high-frame-rate frame transfer CCDs with low smear[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(1):98-103.陈剑武,曹开钦,孙德新,等.高帧频低拖尾帧转移CCD驱动技术[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(1):98-103.
[4]Xu Xiuzhen,Li Zitian,Li Changle,et al.Design on driving generator based on CPLD technology for CCD camera with optional output[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2004,33(12):1504-1507.许秀贞,李自田,李长乐,等.基于CPLD的可选输出CCD驱动时序设计[J].光子学报,2004,33(12):1504-1507.
[5]Jin Longxu,Li Guoning,Liu Yanyan.Design of driving circuit for frame transfer area CCD[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2008,16(6):1140-1145.金龙旭,李国宁,刘妍妍.帧转移型面阵CCD驱动电路的设计[J].光学精密工程,2008,16(6):1140-1145.
[6]Li B H,Qian S,Chun H,et al.Method to implement the CCD timing generator based on FPGA[C].SPIE,2010,7742:77421Y.
[7]Ren Hang.Driver circuit system of 44M pixel high resolution large area CCD[J].Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology,2014,33(5):89-96.任航.44M像素高分辨率大面阵CCD驱动电路系统[J].国外电子测量技术,2014,33(5):89-96.
[8]Straverscimpoiasu A,Stoldt H,Klaassens W,et al.A high-speed high-sensitivity 1/2-inch 1M-pixel frame-transfer CCD imager for medical and industrial applications[C].Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific and Industrial Applications VI,2005:153-160.
[9]Sun Zhenglei,Wang Xiaodong,Qu Hongfeng.Design for driving control of high frame rate area array CCD based on FPGA[J].Application of Integrated Circuits,2012,38(7):65-67.孙正磊,王晓东,曲洪丰.基于FPGA的高帧频面阵CCD驱动控制设计[J].电子技术应用,2012,38(7):65-67.
[10]Zhou J K,Chen X H,Wang Z,et al.Design and implementation of timing generator of frame transfer area-array CCDcamera[C].SPIE,2007,6833:68332K.
[11]Yan Feng,Yu Zijiang,Yu Xiao,et al.Noise analysis and processing of ultraviolet ICCD for corona detection[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2006,14(4):709-713.闫丰,于子江,于晓,等.电晕探测紫外ICCD相机图像噪声分析与处理[J].光学精密工程,2006,14(4):709-713.
[12]Bai Xueping,Zheng Yu,Li Jin,et al.A frame transfer EMCCD image sensor with 512×512pixels[J].Infrared Technology,2016,38(4):300-304.白雪平,郑渝,李金,等.512×512元帧转移EMCCD图像传感器[J].红外技术,2016,38(4):300-304.
[13]龚德铸,王艳宝,卢欣.基于星敏感器的CCD47-20航天应用[J].空间控制技术与应用,2006(6):42-50.
[14]Ran Xiaoqiang,Wen Desheng,Zheng Peiyun,et al.Designing on driving schedule generator for space array CCDcamera and hardware based on CPLD[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2007,36(2):364-367.冉晓强,汶德胜,郑培云,等.基于CPLD的空间面阵CCD相机驱动时序发生器的设计与硬件实现[J].光子学报,2007,36(2):364-367.
[15]Gan Y Q,Ge W,Qiao W D,et al.Design and application of TEC controller using in CCD camera[C].SPIE,2011,8196:81961E.
[16]Dryer B,Smith P H,Nuns T,et al.Validation of NIEL for>1 MeV electrons in silicon using the CCD47-20[C].SPIE,2016,9915:99151.
[17]Wolf J,R9ser H P.Testing the E2V CCD47-20as the new sensor for the SOFIA target acquisition and tracking cameras[C].SPIE,2010,7733:773337.
[18]Wang Yu,Lu Yihuai,Zhao Xin,et al.Design and implementation of CCD imaging circuit for satellite-borne DOASspectrometer[J].Laser&Infrared,2015,45(6):663-668.王煜,陆亦怀,赵欣,等.星载差分吸收光谱仪CCD成像电路的设计及实施[J].激光与红外,2015,45(6):663-668.
[19]Zhao Guangxing,Zhao Ya.Desing of linear CCD driving circuit with elctonic shutter based on CPLD[J].Journal of Anhui University of Technology(Natural Science),2012,29(2):145-149.赵光兴,赵雅.基于CPLD的带电子快门功能线阵CCD驱动电路设计[J].安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,29(2):145-149.
[20]Huang Sijie,Liao Xingxing.A high dynamic range image acquisition method based on the multi-exposure imaging[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(s1):s109007.黄思婕,廖星星.基于多次曝光的大动态范围图像获取方法[J].中国激光,2014,41(s1):s109007.
[21]Wang Xi,Fang Xiaodong,Nie Jinsong.Military ultraviolet technology[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2013,42(S1):58-61.王玺,方晓东,聂劲松.军用紫外技术[J].红外与激光工程,2013,42(S1):58-61.
[22]Liu Xunchen,Li Yuyang,Zhou Zhongyue,et al.Applications on laser spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in combustion diagnostics[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2016,30(1):43-54.刘训臣,李玉阳,周忠岳,等.光谱法和取样分析法在燃烧诊断研究中的应用[J].实验流体力学,2016,30(1):43-54.