集群中科技中介角色演变与网络结构互动机制
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摘要
科技中介是优化集群创新资源配置的重要载体,但其具体作用形式随着集群内周边环境的变迁而动态转化。通过搜集浙江省41个转型升级示范区的数据资料,采用定性比较分析方法对不同网络结构下科技中介所扮演角色的功能作用进行整合分析,研究发现,科技中介对集群发展的影响机制可以分为对等网络知识传播模式、密集网络知识传播模式和细碎网络媒介模式三种类型,其中媒介角色在所有模式中都发挥着基础性主导作用。此外,受限于资源总量和产业发展水平,科技中介依托于创新链的多元化业务拓展尚不能对集群发展起到显著的推动作用。研究结果为合理设计科技中介发展路径、优化集群科技资源配置提供了有效借鉴和参考。
S&T intermediary is an important carrier to optimize the configuration of innovation resources of the cluster, but its specific form of effect is transformed dynamically along with the change of the surrounding environment of the cluster. By collecting the data of 41 transformation and upgrading demonstration area in Zhejiang Province, adopting QCA method to analyze the function of the role of S&T Intermediary in different network structures, it is found that the mechanism of the influence of S&T Intermediary on cluster development can be divided into three types, including co-equal network knowledge dissemination model, intensive network knowledge dissemination model and fragmented network bridge model, the bridge plays a fundamental leading role in all modes. In addition, limited by the total amount of resources and the level of industrial development, diversification of business development of S&T intermediary relying on the innovation chain cannot yet play a significant role in promoting the development of cluster. The result of research provides an effective reference for the rational design of the development path of S&T Intermediary and the optimization of the configuration of scientific and technological resources in cluster.
S&T intermediary is an important carrier to optimize the configuration of innovation resources of the cluster, but its specific form of effect is transformed dynamically along with the change of the surrounding environment of the cluster. By collecting the data of 41 transformation and upgrading demonstration area in Zhejiang Province, adopting QCA method to analyze the function of the role of S&T Intermediary in different network structures, it is found that the mechanism of the influence of S&T Intermediary on cluster development can be divided into three types, including co-equal network knowledge dissemination model, intensive network knowledge dissemination model and fragmented network bridge model, the bridge plays a fundamental leading role in all modes. In addition, limited by the total amount of resources and the level of industrial development, diversification of business development of S&T intermediary relying on the innovation chain cannot yet play a significant role in promoting the development of cluster. The result of research provides an effective reference for the rational design of the development path of S&T Intermediary and the optimization of the configuration of scientific and technological resources in cluster.
引文
[1] Zhang Y, Li H Y. Innovation search of new venture in a technology cluster: The role of ties with service intermediaries[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2010,31(1):88-109
[2] Howells J. Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation[J]. Research Policy, 2006, 35(5): 715–728.
[3] 王凤彬,江鸿,王璁. 央企集团管控架构的演进:战略决定、制度引致还是路径依赖?——一项定性比较分析(QCA)尝试[J]. 管理世界, 2014, (12):92-114.
[4] 杨锐,李伟娜. 网络结构、关系互动对创新活动的影响——苏州IT产业集群实证分析[J]. 科学学研究, 2010, 28(7):1094-1103.
[5] 陈劲,吴波. 开放式创新下企业开放度与外部关键资源获取[J]. 科研管理, 2012, 33(9):10-21,106.
[6] 李柏洲,孙立梅. 创新系统中科技中介组织的角色定位研究[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2010, (9): 29-33,189.
[7] Becker W, Dietz J. R&D cooperation and innovation activities of firms—evidence for the German manufacturing industry [J]. Research Policy, 2004, 33(2):209-223.
[8] 胡保亮,方刚. 网络位置、知识搜索与创新绩效的关系研究——基于全球制造网络与本地集群网络集成的观点[J]. 科研管理, 2013, 34(11):18-26.
[9] 郭兴华,李正风. 中国NIS演进视域下科技中介的角色及走向[J]. 自然辩证法通讯, 2016, 38(3):105-112.
[10] Knockaert M, Spithoven A, Clarysse B. The impact of technology intermediaries on firm cognitive capacity additionality[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2014, 81(1): 376-387.
[11] Silva M D, Howells J, Meyer M. Innovation intermediaries and collaboration: Knowledge–based practices and internal value creation[J]. Research Policy, 2018, 47(1):70-87.
[12] Zaheer A, Bell G G. Benefiting from network position: Firm capabilities, structural holes, and performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2005, 26(9):809-825.
[13] 吴结兵,徐梦周. 网络密度与集群竞争优势:集聚经济与集体学习的中介作用——2001～2004年浙江纺织业集群的实证分析[J]. 管理世界, 2008,(8):69-76.
[14] 吴宝. 从个体社会资本到集体社会资本——基于融资信任网络的经验证据[J]. 社会学研究, 2017,(1):125-147.
[15] Rost K. The strength of strong ties in the creation of innovation[J]. Research Policy, 2011, 40(4):588-604.
[16] Reagans R, McEvily B. Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2003,48(2):240-267.
[17] 顾丽敏,段光. 基于网络集中度的产业集群知识共享研究——以江苏省科技型产业集群为例[J]. 南京社会科学, 2014,(9):142-148.
[18] Soda G, Usai A, Zaheer A. Network memory: The influence of past and current networks on performance [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2004,47(6):893-906.
[19] 赵炎,冯薇雨,郑向杰. 联盟网络中派系与知识流动的耦合对企业创新能力的影响[J]. 科研管理, 2016, 37(3):51-58.
[20] Woodside A G, Schpektor A, Xia X. Triple sense-making of findings from marketing experiments using the dominant variable-based logic, case-based logic, and isomorphic modeling[J]. International Journal of Business & Economics, 2014, 12(2):131-153.
[21] Marx A, Dusa A. Crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA), contradictions and consistency benchmarks for model specification[J]. Methodological Innovations Online, 2011, 6(2):97-142.
[22] 池仁勇. 区域中小企业创新网络的结点联结及其效率评价研究[J]. 管理世界, 2007,(1): 105-121.
[23] 唐睿,唐世平. 历史遗产与原苏东国家的民主转型——基于26个国家的模糊集与多值QCA的双重检测[J]. 世界经济与政治, 2013,(2):39-57.
[24] 程聪,贾良定. 我国企业跨国并购驱动机制研究——基于清晰集的定性比较分析[J]. 南开管理评论, 2016, 19(6):113-121.
[25] Lynn L H, Reddy N M, Aram J D. Linking technology and institutions: The innovation community framework[J]. Research Policy, 1996, 25(1):91-106.
[26] McEvily B, Zaheer A. Bridging ties: A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1999, 20(12):1133-1156.
[27] Lui S S. The roles of competence trust, formal contract, and time horizon in interorganizational learning[J]. Organization Studies, 2009, 30(4):333-353.
[28] 张驰,郑晓杰,王凤彬. 定性比较分析法在管理学构型研究中的应用:述评与展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2017, 39(4):68-83.
(1)宁波为计划单列市,浙江省经信委进行的产业集群统计中未包含宁波服装集群,因此该集群规上企业数量指标数据缺失。
(2)本文采用所观察样本集群2008年-2013年的企业平均利润率、集群销售额增长率、集群利润总额增长率的年均情况抽取公因子后作为度量集群绩效的基本数据,2014年后浙江省经信委没有再对41个转型升级示范区进行统计。
[2] Howells J. Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation[J]. Research Policy, 2006, 35(5): 715–728.
[3] 王凤彬,江鸿,王璁. 央企集团管控架构的演进:战略决定、制度引致还是路径依赖?——一项定性比较分析(QCA)尝试[J]. 管理世界, 2014, (12):92-114.
[4] 杨锐,李伟娜. 网络结构、关系互动对创新活动的影响——苏州IT产业集群实证分析[J]. 科学学研究, 2010, 28(7):1094-1103.
[5] 陈劲,吴波. 开放式创新下企业开放度与外部关键资源获取[J]. 科研管理, 2012, 33(9):10-21,106.
[6] 李柏洲,孙立梅. 创新系统中科技中介组织的角色定位研究[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2010, (9): 29-33,189.
[7] Becker W, Dietz J. R&D cooperation and innovation activities of firms—evidence for the German manufacturing industry [J]. Research Policy, 2004, 33(2):209-223.
[8] 胡保亮,方刚. 网络位置、知识搜索与创新绩效的关系研究——基于全球制造网络与本地集群网络集成的观点[J]. 科研管理, 2013, 34(11):18-26.
[9] 郭兴华,李正风. 中国NIS演进视域下科技中介的角色及走向[J]. 自然辩证法通讯, 2016, 38(3):105-112.
[10] Knockaert M, Spithoven A, Clarysse B. The impact of technology intermediaries on firm cognitive capacity additionality[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2014, 81(1): 376-387.
[11] Silva M D, Howells J, Meyer M. Innovation intermediaries and collaboration: Knowledge–based practices and internal value creation[J]. Research Policy, 2018, 47(1):70-87.
[12] Zaheer A, Bell G G. Benefiting from network position: Firm capabilities, structural holes, and performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2005, 26(9):809-825.
[13] 吴结兵,徐梦周. 网络密度与集群竞争优势:集聚经济与集体学习的中介作用——2001～2004年浙江纺织业集群的实证分析[J]. 管理世界, 2008,(8):69-76.
[14] 吴宝. 从个体社会资本到集体社会资本——基于融资信任网络的经验证据[J]. 社会学研究, 2017,(1):125-147.
[15] Rost K. The strength of strong ties in the creation of innovation[J]. Research Policy, 2011, 40(4):588-604.
[16] Reagans R, McEvily B. Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2003,48(2):240-267.
[17] 顾丽敏,段光. 基于网络集中度的产业集群知识共享研究——以江苏省科技型产业集群为例[J]. 南京社会科学, 2014,(9):142-148.
[18] Soda G, Usai A, Zaheer A. Network memory: The influence of past and current networks on performance [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2004,47(6):893-906.
[19] 赵炎,冯薇雨,郑向杰. 联盟网络中派系与知识流动的耦合对企业创新能力的影响[J]. 科研管理, 2016, 37(3):51-58.
[20] Woodside A G, Schpektor A, Xia X. Triple sense-making of findings from marketing experiments using the dominant variable-based logic, case-based logic, and isomorphic modeling[J]. International Journal of Business & Economics, 2014, 12(2):131-153.
[21] Marx A, Dusa A. Crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA), contradictions and consistency benchmarks for model specification[J]. Methodological Innovations Online, 2011, 6(2):97-142.
[22] 池仁勇. 区域中小企业创新网络的结点联结及其效率评价研究[J]. 管理世界, 2007,(1): 105-121.
[23] 唐睿,唐世平. 历史遗产与原苏东国家的民主转型——基于26个国家的模糊集与多值QCA的双重检测[J]. 世界经济与政治, 2013,(2):39-57.
[24] 程聪,贾良定. 我国企业跨国并购驱动机制研究——基于清晰集的定性比较分析[J]. 南开管理评论, 2016, 19(6):113-121.
[25] Lynn L H, Reddy N M, Aram J D. Linking technology and institutions: The innovation community framework[J]. Research Policy, 1996, 25(1):91-106.
[26] McEvily B, Zaheer A. Bridging ties: A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1999, 20(12):1133-1156.
[27] Lui S S. The roles of competence trust, formal contract, and time horizon in interorganizational learning[J]. Organization Studies, 2009, 30(4):333-353.
[28] 张驰,郑晓杰,王凤彬. 定性比较分析法在管理学构型研究中的应用:述评与展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2017, 39(4):68-83.
(1)宁波为计划单列市,浙江省经信委进行的产业集群统计中未包含宁波服装集群,因此该集群规上企业数量指标数据缺失。
(2)本文采用所观察样本集群2008年-2013年的企业平均利润率、集群销售额增长率、集群利润总额增长率的年均情况抽取公因子后作为度量集群绩效的基本数据,2014年后浙江省经信委没有再对41个转型升级示范区进行统计。