财政科技补贴及其类别对企业研发投入影响的实证研究
|
摘要
财政科技补贴对企业研发投入产生了何种影响?不同类别的财政科技补贴对企业研发投入的影响是否存在差异?为了回答这些问题,本研究开创性地根据资助对象和资助领域,将财政科技补贴划分为五大类别,并采用2011—2014年上海张江高科技园区3194家企业共计7679个观测值的非平衡面板数据,借助倾向值匹配法(PSM)处理政府补贴内生性问题,就财政科技补贴及其类别对企业研发投入的影响进行实证研究。实证结果表明:整体而言,财政科技补贴对企业研发投入产生了积极的互补效应;其次,不同类别的财政科技补贴作用不同,旨在促进创新活动的补贴和旨在促进人才集聚的补贴对企业研发投入的影响最为积极,其余三类补贴的影响较为有限;第三,企业规模越大,越能更好地发挥财政科技补贴的激励作用。
What is the influence of public subsidy on firms' R&D input? Are there any differences among different kinds of subsidy? To answer these questions, this study originally classified public subsidy into 5 categories according to supported fields and supported objects. With 7679 observations of 3194 firms of Shanghai Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park from 2011-2014, based on empirical study through PSM methods to deal with endogeneity problems, this article found that,(1)in general, public subsidy has positive complementary effect on firms' R&D input;(2)different kinds of subsidy have different influence, for example, subsidy on innovation activities and human resources is more positive than other kinds of subsidy;(3)the larger the firms, the more positive is the influence of public subsidy.
What is the influence of public subsidy on firms' R&D input? Are there any differences among different kinds of subsidy? To answer these questions, this study originally classified public subsidy into 5 categories according to supported fields and supported objects. With 7679 observations of 3194 firms of Shanghai Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park from 2011-2014, based on empirical study through PSM methods to deal with endogeneity problems, this article found that,(1)in general, public subsidy has positive complementary effect on firms' R&D input;(2)different kinds of subsidy have different influence, for example, subsidy on innovation activities and human resources is more positive than other kinds of subsidy;(3)the larger the firms, the more positive is the influence of public subsidy.
引文
[1]Pottelsberghe,B.V.and D.Guellec.The impact of public R&D expenditure on business R&D.Ulb Institutional Repository,2003,12(3):225-243.
[2]王楠,苏杰,黄静.CEO权力异质性视角下政府资助对创业板企业研发投入的影响研究.管理学报,2017(8).
[3]Czarnitzki,D.,B.Ebersberger and A.Fier.The relationship between R&D collaboration,subsidies and R&D performance:Empirical evidence from Finland and Germany.Journal of Applied Econometrics,2007,22(7):1347-1366.
[4]Guellec,D.and B.van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie.Applications,grants and the value of patent.Economics Letters,2000,69(1):109-114.
[5]康志勇.资助不足抑或过度?中国政府科技创新资助对企业新产品创新影响的非线性检验.研究与发展管理,2017(2):127-135.
[6]Becker,B.and S.G.Hall.The determinants of high-tech versus low-tech R&D investment:evidence from testing the pooling assumption.NIESR Discussion Papers No.217,2003.
[7]Clausen,T.H.Do subsidies have positive impacts on R&D and innovation activities at the firm level?Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,2009,20(4):239-253.
[8]Zú?iga Vicente,J.á.,et al.Assessing the effect of public subsidies on firm R&D investment:a survey.Journal of Economic Surveys,2014,28(1):36-67.
[9]Wang,H.and C.Qian.Corporate philanthropy and corporate financial performance:The roles of stakeholder response and political access.Academy of Management Journal,2011,54(6):1159-1181.
[10]王玺,张嘉怡.税收优惠对企业创新的经济效果评价.财政研究,2015(1):58-62.
[11]Becker S.O.and A.Ichino.Estimation of average treatment effects based on propensity scores.General Information,2002,2(4):358-377.
[12]董静,翟海燕,杨自伟.政府科技资助对谁更有效?—基于企业规模与所有制三维交互的研究.财经研究,2015(7):87-98.
(1)值得注意的是:民营企业以及小型和微型企业的平均受资助强度远小于国有企业和大中型企业。
(1)本研究同时还用Heckman样本选择模型,在匹配前的大样本数据的基础上,对上述假设和问题再次进行验证,其结果完全一致。
[2]王楠,苏杰,黄静.CEO权力异质性视角下政府资助对创业板企业研发投入的影响研究.管理学报,2017(8).
[3]Czarnitzki,D.,B.Ebersberger and A.Fier.The relationship between R&D collaboration,subsidies and R&D performance:Empirical evidence from Finland and Germany.Journal of Applied Econometrics,2007,22(7):1347-1366.
[4]Guellec,D.and B.van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie.Applications,grants and the value of patent.Economics Letters,2000,69(1):109-114.
[5]康志勇.资助不足抑或过度?中国政府科技创新资助对企业新产品创新影响的非线性检验.研究与发展管理,2017(2):127-135.
[6]Becker,B.and S.G.Hall.The determinants of high-tech versus low-tech R&D investment:evidence from testing the pooling assumption.NIESR Discussion Papers No.217,2003.
[7]Clausen,T.H.Do subsidies have positive impacts on R&D and innovation activities at the firm level?Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,2009,20(4):239-253.
[8]Zú?iga Vicente,J.á.,et al.Assessing the effect of public subsidies on firm R&D investment:a survey.Journal of Economic Surveys,2014,28(1):36-67.
[9]Wang,H.and C.Qian.Corporate philanthropy and corporate financial performance:The roles of stakeholder response and political access.Academy of Management Journal,2011,54(6):1159-1181.
[10]王玺,张嘉怡.税收优惠对企业创新的经济效果评价.财政研究,2015(1):58-62.
[11]Becker S.O.and A.Ichino.Estimation of average treatment effects based on propensity scores.General Information,2002,2(4):358-377.
[12]董静,翟海燕,杨自伟.政府科技资助对谁更有效?—基于企业规模与所有制三维交互的研究.财经研究,2015(7):87-98.
(1)值得注意的是:民营企业以及小型和微型企业的平均受资助强度远小于国有企业和大中型企业。
(1)本研究同时还用Heckman样本选择模型,在匹配前的大样本数据的基础上,对上述假设和问题再次进行验证,其结果完全一致。