寒冷地区面板堆石坝施工期面板开裂原因
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摘要
针对寒区面板堆石坝施工期面板开裂问题,结合某实际工程,在原型监测基础上,通过结构变形、气温变化、水化温升、自身收缩等方面的计算分析,发现水化温升与环境温差是影响累积降温温差的主要因素,当累积降温温差较大时,混凝土内的温度应力可能超出面板混凝土的抗拉强度,导致面板开裂。因此,针对年度温差较大、混凝土浇筑期水化升温较高的工程,提出了避免此类温度裂缝的处理建议,如优化混凝土配合比,优化施工工序,提高混凝土抗裂能力。
In view of the face cracking of a CFRD during construction in cold regions, the structural deformation, temperature variation, hydration temperature rise and its own shrinkage were analyzed with an actual project based on prototype monitoring. It is found that the highest value of the hydration temperature rise and the maximum temperature difference in the later cooling is the main factor affecting the temperature difference of cumulative cooling. When the temperature difference of the cumulative cooling is larger, the temperature stress may exceed the tensile strength of the panel concrete, causing panel cracking. Suggestions for avoiding temperature cracks were put forward for construction projects with larger annual temperature difference and higher hydration temperature during the concrete pouring period, such as optimizing the concrete mix ratio, optimizing the construction process and improving concrete crack resistance.
In view of the face cracking of a CFRD during construction in cold regions, the structural deformation, temperature variation, hydration temperature rise and its own shrinkage were analyzed with an actual project based on prototype monitoring. It is found that the highest value of the hydration temperature rise and the maximum temperature difference in the later cooling is the main factor affecting the temperature difference of cumulative cooling. When the temperature difference of the cumulative cooling is larger, the temperature stress may exceed the tensile strength of the panel concrete, causing panel cracking. Suggestions for avoiding temperature cracks were put forward for construction projects with larger annual temperature difference and higher hydration temperature during the concrete pouring period, such as optimizing the concrete mix ratio, optimizing the construction process and improving concrete crack resistance.
引文
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[19]焦彬如,吴彦,陈黎明,等.超长混凝土墙体温度应力计算及裂缝控制新技术研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(9):35-41.(JIAO Binru,WU Yan,CHEN Liming,et al.Temperature stress calculation and crack control of long concrete walls[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(9):35-41.(in Chinese))
[20]李长凤,周莉,徐晓红,等.寒冷地区混凝土箱型梁桥温度裂缝研究[J].低温建筑技术,2013,35(10):31-34.(LI Changfeng,ZHOU Li,XU Xiaohong,et al.Research of the temperature crack on reinforced box girder in cold region[J].Low Temperature Architecture Technology,2013,35(10):31-34.(in Chinese))
[21]郭俊娥.基于超长混凝土结构的温度效应分析与工程实践研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2018,41(4):46-49.(GUO Jun’e.Research on analysis of temperature variation and engineering practice based on super-long concrete structures[J].Automation&Instrumentation,2018,41(4):46-49.(in Chinese))
[22]杨竣,王晓东.超长结构中的温度应力分析[J].山西建筑,2015(22):37-38.(YANG Jun,WANG Xiaodong.On temperature stress analysis in super-long structures[J].Shanxi Architecture,2015(22):37-38.(in Chinese))
[23]孙文,吴亚平,季日臣.干寒地区太阳辐射影响下箱型梁温度效应分析[J].铁道工程学报,2016,33(1):65-69.(SUN Wen,WU Yaping,JI Richen.Analysis of temperature effect of box girder under solar radiation in dry cold region[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2016,33(1):65-69.(in Chinese))
[24]中华人民共和国水利部.混凝土面板堆石坝设计规范:SL 228-2013[S].北京:水利水电出版社,2013.
[2]吴毅瑾,邹青,谭志伟,等.中国面板堆石坝安全监测技术进展[J].水电与抽水蓄能,2017,3(1):24-31.(WUYijin,ZOU Qing,TAN Zhiwei,et al.China concrete faced rock-fill dam safety monitoring technology progress[J].Hydropower and Pumped Storage,2017,3(1):24-31.(in Chinese))
[3]束一鸣,吴海民,姜晓桢.高面膜堆石坝发展的需求与关键技术:高面膜堆石坝关键技术(一)[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(1):1-9.(SHU Yiming,WUHaimin,JIANG Xiaozhen.Need and key technology on development of high membrane faced rockfill dam:key technology of high membrane faced rockfill dam(Ⅰ)[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(1):1-9.(in Chinese))
[4]杨泽艳,周建平,王富强,等.中国混凝土面板堆石坝发展30年[J].水电与抽水蓄能,2017,3(1):1-5.(YANGZeyan,ZHOU Jianping,WANG Fuqiang,et al.The 30years’development of concrete face rockfill dam in China[J].Hydropower and Pumped Storage,2017,3(1):1-5.(in Chinese))
[5]沈凤生.混凝土面板堆石坝设计与实践关键技术研究[J].水利规划与设计,2017(1):1-6.(SHENFengsheng.Key technologies for design and practice of concrete face rockfill dam[J].Water Conservancy Planning and Design,2017(1):1-6.(in Chinese))
[6]顾玉川.堆石坝面板裂缝分析和处理[J].水利建设与管理,2010(9):18-20.(GU Yuchuan.Analysis and treatment of the cracks in the face slab of the rockfill dam[J].Water Conservancy Construction&Management,2010(9):18-20.(in Chinese))
[7]王子健,刘斯宏,李玲君,等.公伯峡面板堆石坝面板裂缝成因数值分析[J].水利学报,2014,45(3):343-350.(WANG Zijian,LIU Sihong,LI Lingjun,et al.Numerical analysis of the causes of slab’s cracks on Gongboxia face rockfill dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(3):343-350.(in Chinese))
[8]赵雅睿.某拦河坝面板混凝土防裂及裂缝处理技术[J].河南水利与南水北调,2017(6):67-68.(ZHAO Yarui.Crack prevention and treatment technology for concrete face slab of a certain dam[J].Henan Water Resources&South-to-North Water Diversion,2017(6):67-68.(in Chinese))
[9]李斌,孟宪磊,王磊,等.一次成型与分期成型面板混凝土施工与防裂措施探讨[J].水电与抽水蓄能,2018(2):8-13.(LI Bin,MENG Xianlei,WANG Lei,et al.Discussion on concrete construction and crack prevention measures of faced concrete dam with single-time and multi-stagescasting[J].Hydropower and Pumped Storage,2018(2):8-13.(in Chinese))
[10]罗井伦.天生桥一级水电站堆石坝面板破损分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2013,33(6):76-79.(LUO Jinglun.The breakage analysis of concrete panel in Tianshengqiao-1 Hydropower Station[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2013,33(6):76-79.(in Chinese))
[11]赵庆,苗喆,李学强.高寒、高蒸发地区面板坝钢筋混凝土面板防裂抗裂技术探讨[J].西北水电,2014(4):29-32.(ZHAO Qing,MIAO Zhe,LI Xueqiang.Study on technology of crack prevention and resistance of reinforced concrete face of dam in high-cold and high-evaporation region[J].Northwest Hydropower,2014(4):29-32.(in Chinese))
[12]郭海志,刘儒.高寒地区混凝土面板堆石坝渗漏原因分析及治理[C]//中国水力发电工程学会混凝土面板堆石坝专业委员会.高寒地区混凝土面板堆石坝的技术进展论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:151-157.
[13]郦能惠,王君利,米占宽,等.高混凝土面板堆石坝变形安全内涵及其工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(2):193-201.(LI Nenghui,WANG Junli,MIZhankuan,et al.Connotation of deformation safety of high concrete face rockfill dams and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(2):193-201.(in Chinese))
[14]冶金工业部建筑研究总院.块体基础大体积混凝土施工技术规程:YBJ224-1991[S].北京:冶金工业出版社,1991.
[15]中冶建筑研究总院有限公司.大体积混凝土施工规范:GB50496-2009[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.
[16]王铁梦.工程结构裂缝控制[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[17]徐荣年.工程结构裂缝控制[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[18]赵石进,林祖昌,陶燕,等.某超长结构温度应力分析及应用[J].低温建筑技术,2015(1):87-89.(ZHAOShijin,LIN Zuchang,TAO Yan,et al.Thermal stress analysis and application of a super long structure[J].Low Temperature Architecture Technology,2015(1):87-89.(in Chinese))
[19]焦彬如,吴彦,陈黎明,等.超长混凝土墙体温度应力计算及裂缝控制新技术研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(9):35-41.(JIAO Binru,WU Yan,CHEN Liming,et al.Temperature stress calculation and crack control of long concrete walls[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(9):35-41.(in Chinese))
[20]李长凤,周莉,徐晓红,等.寒冷地区混凝土箱型梁桥温度裂缝研究[J].低温建筑技术,2013,35(10):31-34.(LI Changfeng,ZHOU Li,XU Xiaohong,et al.Research of the temperature crack on reinforced box girder in cold region[J].Low Temperature Architecture Technology,2013,35(10):31-34.(in Chinese))
[21]郭俊娥.基于超长混凝土结构的温度效应分析与工程实践研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2018,41(4):46-49.(GUO Jun’e.Research on analysis of temperature variation and engineering practice based on super-long concrete structures[J].Automation&Instrumentation,2018,41(4):46-49.(in Chinese))
[22]杨竣,王晓东.超长结构中的温度应力分析[J].山西建筑,2015(22):37-38.(YANG Jun,WANG Xiaodong.On temperature stress analysis in super-long structures[J].Shanxi Architecture,2015(22):37-38.(in Chinese))
[23]孙文,吴亚平,季日臣.干寒地区太阳辐射影响下箱型梁温度效应分析[J].铁道工程学报,2016,33(1):65-69.(SUN Wen,WU Yaping,JI Richen.Analysis of temperature effect of box girder under solar radiation in dry cold region[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2016,33(1):65-69.(in Chinese))
[24]中华人民共和国水利部.混凝土面板堆石坝设计规范:SL 228-2013[S].北京:水利水电出版社,2013.