哈尔滨学生社交焦虑的变化趋势及母亲因素对其影响的追踪调查
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摘要
目的研究母亲行为对学生社交焦虑产生及发展的影响,为母亲及时改善教育方式以降低儿童社交焦虑发生率提供适当的建议。方法 2009年4月随机抽取哈尔滨市某区三所小学校的3～5年级学生进行为期4年的追踪调查,并从中筛选三次调查均为母子匹配的217对作为此次研究对象。结果 2009、2011、2013年学生社交焦虑总体均值分别为5.19±3.45、4.81±3.94、5.83±3.92。结果显示女生、非独生、母亲焦虑是其子女易患社交焦虑症的危险因素(OR=1.687、1.717、1.587,P<0.05),回归系数分别为0.523、0.541、0.462;父母不争吵是其子女易患社交焦虑症的保护因素(OR=0.408,P<0.05),回归系数为-0.896。分析结果显示矛盾型依恋、母亲心理控制是其子女易患焦虑症表现的危险因素(OR=2.383、2.842,P<0.05),回归系数分别为0.868、1.044,母亲接纳是其子女易患焦虑症表现的保护因素(OR=0.458,P<0.05),回归系数为-0.780。结论母亲对学生心理控制程度过高、接纳程度过低以及母亲的焦虑情绪均可对学生社交焦虑的发生及发展起到一定的作用。
Objective To investigate the effect of maternal behaviors on social anxiety of students,in order to provide appropriate suggestions for reducing social anxiety. Method A total of 217 matched pairs of mother and their childrenfrom the third grade to the fifth grade were selected as participants from three primary schools of Harbin in April 2009.Results The average scores of social anxiety in 2009,2011,2013 were 5.19±3.45,4.81±3.94 and 5.83±3.92,respective-ly.Girls,non-only child,quarrel and maternal anxiety were risk factors for social anxiety in children(OR=1.687,1.717,1.587,P<0.05),with the regression coefficients of 0.523,0.541 and 0.462,respectively.While the situation of parentswithout quarrels was a protective factor for social anxiety in children(OR=0.408,P<0.05),with the regression coefficientof-0.896.Moreover,ambivalent attachment and maternal psychological control were risk factors for maternal anxiety(OR=2.383,2.842,P<0.05),while maternal acceptance was a protective factor for maternal anxiety(OR=0.458,P<0.05). Conclusion High maternal psychological control,low acceptance and maternal anxiety play a key role in the occurrence and development of students′social anxiety.
Objective To investigate the effect of maternal behaviors on social anxiety of students,in order to provide appropriate suggestions for reducing social anxiety. Method A total of 217 matched pairs of mother and their childrenfrom the third grade to the fifth grade were selected as participants from three primary schools of Harbin in April 2009.Results The average scores of social anxiety in 2009,2011,2013 were 5.19±3.45,4.81±3.94 and 5.83±3.92,respective-ly.Girls,non-only child,quarrel and maternal anxiety were risk factors for social anxiety in children(OR=1.687,1.717,1.587,P<0.05),with the regression coefficients of 0.523,0.541 and 0.462,respectively.While the situation of parentswithout quarrels was a protective factor for social anxiety in children(OR=0.408,P<0.05),with the regression coefficientof-0.896.Moreover,ambivalent attachment and maternal psychological control were risk factors for maternal anxiety(OR=2.383,2.842,P<0.05),while maternal acceptance was a protective factor for maternal anxiety(OR=0.458,P<0.05). Conclusion High maternal psychological control,low acceptance and maternal anxiety play a key role in the occurrence and development of students′social anxiety.
引文
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[18]苏淑阁,任晓菲,陈福丽,等.哈尔滨694名学生社交焦虑检出率4年追踪研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2015,23(5):465-467,538.
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[20]牛玉柏,宋馥栗,朱思颖,等.父母教养方式、延时解释偏向与11~15岁儿童社交焦虑的关系[J].人类工效学,2018,24(1):32-37.
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[2]La Greca AM,Dandes SK,Wick P,et al.Development of the Social Anxiety Scale for children:reliability and concurrent validity[J].J Clin Child Psy,1988,17(1):84-91.
[3]李飞,苏林雁,金宇,等.儿童社交焦虑量表的中国城市常模[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2006,14(4):335-337.
[4]Kerns KA,Aspelmeier JE,Gentzler AL,et al.Parent-child attachment and monitoring in middle childhood[J].J Fam Psychol,2001,15(1):69.
[5]Main M,Kaplan N,Cassidy J.Security in infancy,childhood,and adulthood:a move to the level of representation[J].Monogr Soc Res Child,1985,50(1/2):66-104.
[6]Schludermann E,Schludermann S.Replicability of factors in children′s report of parent behavior(CRPBI)[J].J Psychol,1970,76(2):239-249.
[7]Barber BK.Parental psychological control:Revisiting a neglected construct[J].Child Dev,1996,67(6):3296-3319.
[8]Radloff LS.The CES-D scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population[J].Appl Psych Meas,1977,1(3):385-401.
[9]章婕,吴振云,方格,等.流调中心抑郁量表全国城市常模的建立[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2010,24(2):139-143.
[10]Radloff LS.The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults[J].JYouth and Adolescence,1991,20(2):149-166.
[11]van Oort FV,Greaves-Lord K,Verhulst FC,et al.The developmentalcourse of anxiety symptoms during adolescence:the TRAILS study[J].J Child Psychol Psychiatry,2009,50(10):1209-1217.
[12]高鹏,尚进,何璐娜,等.哈尔滨市3~5年级学生社交焦虑影响因素的调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,21(1):90-92.
[13]丁玉,徐改玲,甄龙,等.儿童焦虑症状与性别、年龄的关系[J].精神医学杂志,2014,27(2):104-106.
[14]刘佳.小学高年级学生父母教养方式、应对方式与心理健康的关系研究[D].南宁:广西民族大学,2017.
[15]罗敏.广东省佛山市高明区七年级学生心理健康状况调查及分析[J].校园心理,2017,15(4):273-275.
[16]Crosby BM,Drazdowski TK,Ginsburg GS.Anxiety-promoting parenting behaviors:a comparison of anxious parents with and without social anxiety disorder[J].Child Psychiat Hum D,2013,44(3):412-418.
[17]静进.儿童青少年情绪障碍及其对策[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(11):1281-1283.
[18]苏淑阁,任晓菲,陈福丽,等.哈尔滨694名学生社交焦虑检出率4年追踪研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2015,23(5):465-467,538.
[19]张迎迎.母亲教养方式与儿童学术自我知觉、学校态度和社交焦虑:自我责任感的中介作用[C].西安:第十九届全国心理学学术会议,2016.
[20]牛玉柏,宋馥栗,朱思颖,等.父母教养方式、延时解释偏向与11~15岁儿童社交焦虑的关系[J].人类工效学,2018,24(1):32-37.
[21]张云.儿童焦虑及其影响因素研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2017.