从欧美戏剧学科的建立看戏剧研究的本质——兼谈中国戏剧学科的建设
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摘要
戏剧虽是一门古老艺术,但其作为一门独立学科却是近100年的事情。本文就戏剧学科在欧美大学的独立创建过程,阐述了人们对戏剧艺术及其研究本质的认识变化,亦即如何从最初视其为文学的分支到20世纪初将其独立成一门学科的过程。与之相比,在中国,包括戏剧在内的整个艺术成为新的门类只是近期才发生的事。然而,这种转变对戏剧研究的性质及其学科所带来的变化极其巨大。由于有了欧美大学的经验,因而中国戏剧学的建设内容与方向无疑也就明晰起来。
Though the art of theatre is an ancient art, it has not become an independent discipline until the recent 100 years. This article investigates how the discipline of theatre studies, which used to be regarded only as a branch of literature, has been established as an independent discipline in European and American colleges and universities in the early 1920 s, along with the change of understanding of the nature and the art of theatre. This transition, which will lead to drastic changes to the nature of theatre studies and the discipline itself, is new in China. Therefore, a review of the experience of European and American colleges and universities, will serve as a guidance of the Chinese development of the discipline.
Though the art of theatre is an ancient art, it has not become an independent discipline until the recent 100 years. This article investigates how the discipline of theatre studies, which used to be regarded only as a branch of literature, has been established as an independent discipline in European and American colleges and universities in the early 1920 s, along with the change of understanding of the nature and the art of theatre. This transition, which will lead to drastic changes to the nature of theatre studies and the discipline itself, is new in China. Therefore, a review of the experience of European and American colleges and universities, will serve as a guidance of the Chinese development of the discipline.
引文
[1]Wolfgang Beck.Theaterlexikon I.Begriffe und Epochen,Bühnen und Ensembles[M].Hamburg:Rowohlt Verlag, 2007.
[2]帕特里斯·帕维斯.戏剧艺术词典[M].宫宝荣,傅秋敏译.上海书店出版社,2014.
(1)参见(法)安·于贝斯菲尔德著:《戏剧符号学》(本人译),中国戏剧出版社,2004年版。
(2)洪堡大学1828年由普鲁士国王威廉三世时期教育大臣、学者和教育改革家威廉·冯·洪堡及其弟弟所创立,最初名为腓特烈·威廉大学(Friedrich-Wilhelm Universit?t),第二次世界大战前改名为柏林大学,为世界上第一所将科研与教学结合在一起的现代大学。
(3)麦克斯·赫尔曼(MaxHerrmann,1865-1942),著名日耳曼文学史学家及戏剧学家,曾在柏林大学任教。
(4)参见宫宝荣等编,2016世界戏剧学科发展报告,上海交通大学出版社,2018年。(其中收录了魏梅、李佳颖、桂菡、罗磊、唐可欣等人所撰德、英、美、法、俄等国戏剧学科发展报告。)
(1)英文全称为:the Standing Conference of University Drama Departments。
(1)德语原文为dramaturg,该词的中文翻译名称不同,主要有“剧评家”、“戏剧顾问”和“戏剧构作”等。
(2)Performance一词在中文里另有“人类表演学”、“社会表演学”、“展演”等译法。
[2]帕特里斯·帕维斯.戏剧艺术词典[M].宫宝荣,傅秋敏译.上海书店出版社,2014.
(1)参见(法)安·于贝斯菲尔德著:《戏剧符号学》(本人译),中国戏剧出版社,2004年版。
(2)洪堡大学1828年由普鲁士国王威廉三世时期教育大臣、学者和教育改革家威廉·冯·洪堡及其弟弟所创立,最初名为腓特烈·威廉大学(Friedrich-Wilhelm Universit?t),第二次世界大战前改名为柏林大学,为世界上第一所将科研与教学结合在一起的现代大学。
(3)麦克斯·赫尔曼(MaxHerrmann,1865-1942),著名日耳曼文学史学家及戏剧学家,曾在柏林大学任教。
(4)参见宫宝荣等编,2016世界戏剧学科发展报告,上海交通大学出版社,2018年。(其中收录了魏梅、李佳颖、桂菡、罗磊、唐可欣等人所撰德、英、美、法、俄等国戏剧学科发展报告。)
(1)英文全称为:the Standing Conference of University Drama Departments。
(1)德语原文为dramaturg,该词的中文翻译名称不同,主要有“剧评家”、“戏剧顾问”和“戏剧构作”等。
(2)Performance一词在中文里另有“人类表演学”、“社会表演学”、“展演”等译法。