英国政府开放数据的目录聚合机制及对我国的启示
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摘要
随着开放政府数据的发展,出现了众多的数据目录网站。通过"目录聚合"形成"一站式"开放数据平台,是提高数据可发现性的必由之路。英国已形成较为完善的目录聚合机制,对我国建设统一的开放数据平台具有借鉴和参考价值。文章采用网络调查和文献分析方法,系统介绍英国政府开放数据目录聚合的模式与流程、数据标准和溯源元数据。对我国而言,应在标准规范的基础上建设目录聚合机制,重视政府间的协作机制,及为数据平台提供完善的元数据API。
With the development of Open Government Data(OGD), there are many data catalog websites. Forming a "one-stop" open data platform through "catalog aggregation" is the only way to improve data discoverability. The United Kingdom has formed a relatively perfect catalog aggregation mechanism, which has a reference value for China to build a unified open data platform. By means of Web survey and literature analysis, this paper systematically introduces the type and process, data standards and provenance metadata of catalog aggregation of OGD in U.K. For our country, catalog aggregation mechanism should be built on the data standards, intergovernmental cooperation mechanism should be emphasized, and metadata API should be provided for open data platform.
With the development of Open Government Data(OGD), there are many data catalog websites. Forming a "one-stop" open data platform through "catalog aggregation" is the only way to improve data discoverability. The United Kingdom has formed a relatively perfect catalog aggregation mechanism, which has a reference value for China to build a unified open data platform. By means of Web survey and literature analysis, this paper systematically introduces the type and process, data standards and provenance metadata of catalog aggregation of OGD in U.K. For our country, catalog aggregation mechanism should be built on the data standards, intergovernmental cooperation mechanism should be emphasized, and metadata API should be provided for open data platform.
引文
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2.黄如花,刘龙.英国政府数据开放的政策法规保障及对我国的启示[J].图书与情报,2017(1):1-9.
3.翟军,翁丹玉,袁长峰,等.英国政府开放数据的“国家信息基础设施”建设及启示[J].情报科学,2017,35(6):107-114.
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23.吴湛微,孙欣睿,萧若薇.当开放数据遇到开源生态:开放政府数据平台建设模式比较研究[J].图书馆杂志,2018(5):82-90.
24.黄明峰,刘军,靖剑波.贵阳市政府数据开放平台设计与实现[J].电信科学,2017,33(9):136-147.
25.翁丹玉,翟军,袁长峰,等.开放数据平台的接口服务研究及应用探讨[J].现代图书情报技术,2017,1(8):92-99.
26.Update about changes to data.gov.uk[EB/OL].[2018-08-16].https://data.gov.uk/site-changes.
2.黄如花,刘龙.英国政府数据开放的政策法规保障及对我国的启示[J].图书与情报,2017(1):1-9.
3.翟军,翁丹玉,袁长峰,等.英国政府开放数据的“国家信息基础设施”建设及启示[J].情报科学,2017,35(6):107-114.
4.Cabinet Office.Open Government Partnership:UK National Action Plan 2013[EB/OL].[2013-06-27].https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/open-government-partnership-uk-nationalaction-plan-2013.
5.Ministry of Housing,Communities&Local Government.Local government transparency code 2015[EB/OL].[2015-02-27].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-government-transparencycode-2015.
6.Cabinet Office.UK Open Government National Action Plan2016 to 2018[EB/OL].[2016-05-12].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-open-government-national-action-plan-2016-18.
7.Harvesting sources[EB/OL].[2018-08-16].https://data.gov.uk/harvest/.
8.Harvesting data into data.gov.uk[EB/OL].[2018-08-16].https://guidance.data.gov.uk/harvesting.html.
9.赵蓉英,梁志森,段培培.英国政府数据开放共享的元数据标准——对Data.gov.uk的调研与启示[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(19):31-39.
10.于梦月,翟军,林岩,等.美国政府开放数据的元数据标准及其启示:目录聚合的视角[J].情报杂志,2017(12):145-151.
11.Local Government Association.A practitioner’s guide to publishing information in accordance with the local government transparency code 2015[EB/OL].[2015-06-05].http://www.local.gov.uk/our-support/guidance-and-resources/data-and-transparency/localtransparency-guidance.
12.黄如花,王春迎.英美政府数据开放平台数据管理功能的调查与分析[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(19):24-30.
13.中国国家标准化管理委员会.中华人民共和国国家标准:信息技术数据质量评价指标(GB/T 36344——2018)[EB/OL].[2018-06-07].http://www.std.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=71F772D82DFCD3A7E05397BE0A0AB82A.
14.岳丽欣,刘文云.我国政府数据开放保障机制的建设研究[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(19):40-48.
15.Local Government Association.Guide to the inventory schema[EB/OL].[2014-10-13].https://schemas.opendata.esd.org.uk/inventory/InventoryGuidance.pdf?v=ODI-1.2.6.25368.
16.Cabinet Office and Government Digital Service.Open standards for government[EB/OL].[2018-08-16].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-standards-for-government.
17.CabinetOffice.Open Government National Action Plan 2016to 2018:mid-term self assessment[EB/OL].[2017-12-19].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-government-national-actionplan-2016-to-2018-mid-term-self-assessment.
18.朱贝,盛小平.英国政府开放数据政策研究[J].图书馆论坛,2016,36(3):121-126.
19.复旦大学数字与移动治理实验室.2018中国地方政府数据开放报告[EB/OL].[2018-05-29].http://ifopendata.fudan.edu.cn/report.
20.中央网信办、发展改革委、工业和信息化部联合印发《公共信息资源开放试点工作方案》[EB/OL].[2018-01-05].http://www.echinagov.com/policy/201408.htm.
21.翟军,于梦月,林岩.世界主要政府开放数据元数据方案比较与启示[J].图书与情报,2017(4):113-121.
22.2018中国地方政府数据开放报告发布,浪潮表现抢眼[EB/OL].[2018-06-02].https://wemedia.ifeng.com/63277610/wemedia.shtml.
23.吴湛微,孙欣睿,萧若薇.当开放数据遇到开源生态:开放政府数据平台建设模式比较研究[J].图书馆杂志,2018(5):82-90.
24.黄明峰,刘军,靖剑波.贵阳市政府数据开放平台设计与实现[J].电信科学,2017,33(9):136-147.
25.翁丹玉,翟军,袁长峰,等.开放数据平台的接口服务研究及应用探讨[J].现代图书情报技术,2017,1(8):92-99.
26.Update about changes to data.gov.uk[EB/OL].[2018-08-16].https://data.gov.uk/site-changes.