科学基金资助下的国际科研合作网络演进:基于WOS物理学数据的计量分析
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摘要
[目的/意义]基金资助视角下系统性研究国际科研合作网络,可为深入理解学术合作网络的结构特性提供基础性结果,在实践上为优化基金资助模式、推进国际科研合作创新提供参考。[方法/过程]基于2012-2016年SCI收录的物理学领域约50余万论文数据,采用"整体+部分"代表性学科为例的方式,探寻基金资助国家科研合作网络结构的演化规律。[结果/结论]结果表明:基金资助下国家/地区间合作程度在不断加强,主要表现为"多极化"特点,且有强者越强的发展势头。美国处于合作网络的核心地位,德国作为欧盟的发动机,有赶超美国之势。我国在合作网络中的地位不断提升,这将有力地推动我国物理学的发展。
[Purpose/Significance]The systematic study of international scientific collaboration network under science funding support can provide the basic result for understanding the structural characteristics of scientific collaboration network and, in practice, provide reference for optimizing fund financing mode and promoting innovation of international scientific research collaboration.[Method/Process]Based on more than 500,000 SCI data in the field of physics from 2012 to 2016, this paper explores the evolution of the structure of the funded national scientific collaboration network by "whole + part", using the representative subject physics as an example.[Result/Conclusion]The results show that the degree of cooperation among countries and regions under the fund is continuously strengthened. In addition, it has the character of multi-polarization and generates agglomeration effect. From the national level, the US is at the heart of the collaboration network. Germany, as EU's engine, has the potential to overtake the US. China is playing a more and more important role in the collaboration network, which will promote the development of physics in China.
[Purpose/Significance]The systematic study of international scientific collaboration network under science funding support can provide the basic result for understanding the structural characteristics of scientific collaboration network and, in practice, provide reference for optimizing fund financing mode and promoting innovation of international scientific research collaboration.[Method/Process]Based on more than 500,000 SCI data in the field of physics from 2012 to 2016, this paper explores the evolution of the structure of the funded national scientific collaboration network by "whole + part", using the representative subject physics as an example.[Result/Conclusion]The results show that the degree of cooperation among countries and regions under the fund is continuously strengthened. In addition, it has the character of multi-polarization and generates agglomeration effect. From the national level, the US is at the heart of the collaboration network. Germany, as EU's engine, has the potential to overtake the US. China is playing a more and more important role in the collaboration network, which will promote the development of physics in China.
引文
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[25] Zhao S X,Zhang P L,Li J,et al.Abstracting the core subnet of weighted networks based on linkstrengths[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,2014,65(5):984-994.
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[27] 中国科学院理论物理研究所.强相互作用理论中德跨学科重大合作研究项目取得可喜进展[EB/OL] .[2018-08-29].http://www.itp.cas.cn/xwzx/zhxw/201606/t20160608_4618444.html.
[28] Coburn T.The national science foundation:Under the microscope[M].Senator Tom Coburn,2011.
[29] Cho A.DOE shifts money from research grants to new projects.[J].Science,2012,338(6110):1017.
[2] 刘云,周文能,邹立尧,等.基础科学研究前沿领域的国际大科学研究计划[J].中国基础科学,2003(5):42-48.
[3] Beaver D D,Rosen R.Studies in scientific collaboration-Part I.The professional origins of scientific co-authorship[C]// Scientometrics,1978:65-84.
[4] Zhou P,Tian H.Funded collaboration research in mathematics in China[J].Scientometrics,2014,99(3):695-715.
[5] Laudel G.Collaboration,creativity and rewards:Why and how scientists collaborate[J].International Journal of Technology Management,2001,22(7/8):762-781.
[6] Eloy J A,Svider P F,Folbe A J,et al.A ao-Hnsf Core grant acquisition is associated with greater scholarly impact[J].Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,2013,150(1):53-60.
[7] Svider P F,Husain Q,Folbe A J,et al.Assessing national institutes of health funding and scholarly impact in neurological surgery[J].Journal of Neurosurgery,2014,120(1):191-196.
[8] 宋志红,郭艳新,李冬梅.科学基金资助提高科研产出了吗?——基于倾向得分分层法的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2016(1):116-121.
[9] Godin B,Doré C.Measuring the impacts of science:Beyond the economic dimension[J].History & Sociology of S & T Statistics,2005.
[10] 赵星,高小强,何培.科学基金h指数:基金论文成果数量与影响力的综合衡量 [J].中国科学基金,2009(1):15-18.
[11] Costas R,Leeuwen T N.Approaching the "reward triangle":General analysis of the presence of funding acknowledgments and "peer interactive communication" in scientific publications[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2012,63(8):1647-1661.
[12] Díaz-Faes A A,Bordons M.Acknowledgments in scientific publications:Presence in Spanish science and text patterns across disciplines[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,2014,65(9):1834-1849.
[13] Donovan C,Butler L,Butt A J,et al.Evaluation of the impact of national breast cancer Foundation-funded research.[J].Medical Journal of Australia,2014,200(4):214.
[14] Widener A.Canada launches review of federal science funding[J].Chemical & Engineering News,2016,94(25):15.
[15] Pepe A.The relationship between acquaintanceship and coauthorship in scientific collaboration networks[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2011,62(11):2121-2132.
[16] Newman M.Networks:An introduction[J].Astronomische Nachrichten,2010,327(8):741-743.
[17] Lee S,Bozeman B.The impact of research collaboration on scientific productivity[J].Social Studies of Science,2005,35(5):673-702.
[18] Adams J D,Black G C,Clemmons J R,et al.Scientific teams and institutional collaborations:Evidence from U.S.universities,1981-1999[J].Research Policy,2004,34(3):259-285.
[19] Ebadi A,Schiffauerova A.Bibliometric analysis of the impact of NSERC funding on scientific development of the funded researchers[C]// Iadis International Conference on Information Systems,2014.
[20] Defazio D,Lockett A,Wright M.Funding incentives,collaborative dynamics and scientific productivity:Evidence from the EU framework program[J].Research Policy,2009,38(2):293-305.
[21] Tan A M,Zhao S X,Ye F Y.Characterizing the funded scientific collaboration network[J].Current Science,2012,103(11):1261-1262.
[22] Rigby J.Comparing the scientific quality achieved by funding instruments for single grant holders and for collaborative networks within a research system:Someobservations[J].Scientometrics,2009,78(1):145-164.
[23] 牛奉高,邱均平.基于国家、学科合作网络和期刊分布的中国科研国际合作研究[J].情报科学,2015(5):111-118.
[24] 魏瑞斌.科学计量学领域科研机构合作网络演化分析[J].情报杂志,2012,31(12):40-45.
[25] Zhao S X,Zhang P L,Li J,et al.Abstracting the core subnet of weighted networks based on linkstrengths[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,2014,65(5):984-994.
[26] 国家自然科学基金委员会.独立自治、透明度与国际化——DFG六十周年年会侧记[EB/OL] .[2018-08-29].http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/publish/portal0/tab456/info69160.htm.
[27] 中国科学院理论物理研究所.强相互作用理论中德跨学科重大合作研究项目取得可喜进展[EB/OL] .[2018-08-29].http://www.itp.cas.cn/xwzx/zhxw/201606/t20160608_4618444.html.
[28] Coburn T.The national science foundation:Under the microscope[M].Senator Tom Coburn,2011.
[29] Cho A.DOE shifts money from research grants to new projects.[J].Science,2012,338(6110):1017.