基于等模补偿比和SVPWM八扇区划分的直驱式风力发电系统变流器容错控制
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摘要
功率变流器是直驱式风力发电系统的关键部件,变流器的功率开关管在发生故障之后会造成风电系统非计划停机。文中详细分析在功率开关管发生开路故障前后三相两电平脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)整流器电压空间矢量的状态变化。通过八扇区划分方式修改开关模式,在保留原电路拓扑的前提下,基于等模原则对受故障影响的扇区实施有效补偿。该方案能够对单管故障和同一桥臂双管故障实现补偿,较好地降低在故障情况下的三相电流总谐波畸变(total harmonic distortion,THD),减小母线电压纹波和发电机转速的波动,从而提高系统可靠性。通过仿真及实验验证容错控制方法的有效性与可行性。
Power converter is the critical assembly of a direct-drive wind power generation system. The switches fault of converter will cause unplanned stoppages of the system. The statuses of voltage space vectors of three-phase two-level pulse width modulation(PWM) rectifier before and after open-switch fault were analyzed in details. By means of dividing the vector space into eight sectors and revising switching patterns, the faulty sector was compensated based on the principle of equal modulus value, without the need of altering the original topology of converter circuit. It is concluded the proposed approach is capable of realizing compensations for the open-switch faulty cases including single open-switch fault, and double open-switch faults in the same bridge arm. The approach reduces the total harmonic distortion(THD) of three-phase currents under faulty conditions, the fluctuation of DC bus voltage and generator speed. As a result, the overall reliability of system is improved. The effectiveness and feasibility of the fault-tolerant control approach were verified by simulations and experiments.
Power converter is the critical assembly of a direct-drive wind power generation system. The switches fault of converter will cause unplanned stoppages of the system. The statuses of voltage space vectors of three-phase two-level pulse width modulation(PWM) rectifier before and after open-switch fault were analyzed in details. By means of dividing the vector space into eight sectors and revising switching patterns, the faulty sector was compensated based on the principle of equal modulus value, without the need of altering the original topology of converter circuit. It is concluded the proposed approach is capable of realizing compensations for the open-switch faulty cases including single open-switch fault, and double open-switch faults in the same bridge arm. The approach reduces the total harmonic distortion(THD) of three-phase currents under faulty conditions, the fluctuation of DC bus voltage and generator speed. As a result, the overall reliability of system is improved. The effectiveness and feasibility of the fault-tolerant control approach were verified by simulations and experiments.
引文
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[17]Shahbazi M,Poure P,Saadate S.Real-time power switch fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant operation in a DFIG-based wind energy system[J].Renewable Energy,2018,116:209-218.
[18]安群涛,孙力,孙立志,等.三相逆变器开关管故障诊断方法研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(4):135-144.An Quntao,Sun Li,Sun Lizhi,et al.Recent developments of fault diagnosis methods for switches in three-phase inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(4):135-144(in Chinese).
[19]杭俊,张建忠,程明,等.基于线电压误差的永磁直驱风电系统变流器开路故障诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(10):2933-2943.Hang Jun,Zhang Jianzhong,Cheng Ming,et al.Fault diagnosis of open-circuit faults in converters of direct-driven permanent magnet wind power generation systems based on line voltage errors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(10):2933-2943(in Chinese).
[20]Shi Tiancheng,He Yigang,Deng Fanming,et al.Online diagnostic method of open-switch faults in PWM voltage source rectifier based on instantaneous AC current distortion[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2018,12(3):447-454.
[2]Yang Shaoyong,Bryant A,Mawby P,et al.An industrybased survey of reliability in power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2011,47(3):1441-1451.
[3]Qiu Yingning,Jiang Hongxin,Feng Yanhui,et a.A new fault diagnosis algorithm for PMSG wind turbine power converters under variable wind speed conditions[J].Energies,2016,9(7):548.
[4]Qiu Yingning,Zhang Wenxiu,Cao Mengnan,et al.An electro-thermal analysis of a variable-speed doubly-fed induction generator in a wind turbine[J].Energies,2015,8(5):3386-3402.
[5]Feng Yanhui,Zhou Junwei,Qiu Yingning,et al.Fault tolerance for wind turbine power converter[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd IET Renewable Power Generation Conference.Beijing:IEEE,2013.
[6]Zhang Wenping,Xu Dehong,Enjeti P N,et al.Survey on fault-tolerant techniques for power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(12):6319-6331.
[7]Deng Fujin,Zhu Rongwu,Liu Dong,et al.Protection scheme for modular multilevel converters under diode open-circuit faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(4):2866-2877.
[8]Mirafzal B.Survey of fault-tolerance techniques for three-phase voltage source inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(10):5192-5202.
[9]de Araujo Ribeiro R L,Jacobina C B,da Silva E R C,et al.Fault-tolerant voltage-fed PWM inverter AC motor drive systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2004,51(2):439-446.
[10]Bianchi N,Bolognani S,Zigliotto M,et al.Innovative remedial strategies for inverter faults in IPM synchronous motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(2):306-314.
[11]符强,林辉,贺博,等.无电流传感器的四开关三相无刷直流电机驱动控制新策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(17):148-153.Fu Qiang,Lin Hui,He Bo,et al.A novel control scheme of four-switch three-phase brushless DC motor without current sensor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(17):148-153(in Chinese).
[12]许政,肖岚,宋佩云.基于修正开关模式的三相整流器故障容错控制[J].电力电子技术,2016,50(1):70-74.Xu Zheng,Xiao Lan,Song Peiyun.Fault tolerant control method in three-phase rectifier based on revising the switching patterns[J].Power Electronics,2016,50(1):70-74(in Chinese).
[13]秦伟,冯延晖,黄凯,等.基于NCAV和电路等效替换的PWM整流器容错控制系统[J].电力工程技术,2017,36(6):84-89,131.Qin Wei,Feng Yanhui,Huang Kai,et al.Fault-tolerant control system of PWM rectifier based on NCAV and circuit equivalent replacement[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2017,36(6):84-89,131(in Chinese).
[14]Im W S,Kim J M,Lee D C,et al.Diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of three-phase AC-DC PWMconverter systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,49(4):1539-1547.
[15]王新帅,杜明星,窦汝振,等.一种基于空间矢量控制的整流器容错控制方法[J].电力电子技术,2015,49(5):7-10.Wang Xinshuai,Du Mingxing,Dou Ruzhen,et al.Afault-tolerant control method of rectifier based on space vector control[J].Power Electronics,2015,49(5):7-10(in Chinese).
[16]Lee J S,Lee K B,Open-switch fault tolerance control for a three-level NPC/T-Type rectifier in wind turbine systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(2):1012-1021.
[17]Shahbazi M,Poure P,Saadate S.Real-time power switch fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant operation in a DFIG-based wind energy system[J].Renewable Energy,2018,116:209-218.
[18]安群涛,孙力,孙立志,等.三相逆变器开关管故障诊断方法研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(4):135-144.An Quntao,Sun Li,Sun Lizhi,et al.Recent developments of fault diagnosis methods for switches in three-phase inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(4):135-144(in Chinese).
[19]杭俊,张建忠,程明,等.基于线电压误差的永磁直驱风电系统变流器开路故障诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(10):2933-2943.Hang Jun,Zhang Jianzhong,Cheng Ming,et al.Fault diagnosis of open-circuit faults in converters of direct-driven permanent magnet wind power generation systems based on line voltage errors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(10):2933-2943(in Chinese).
[20]Shi Tiancheng,He Yigang,Deng Fanming,et al.Online diagnostic method of open-switch faults in PWM voltage source rectifier based on instantaneous AC current distortion[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2018,12(3):447-454.