综合考虑竞争程度与拥挤效应的港口定价策略研究
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摘要
为分析港口拥挤对定价决策所带来的影响,将港口竞争程度与港口选择人数作为拥挤效应影响因素,并在模型建立中综合考虑拥挤成本,使其更具有现实参考意义。以差别定价策略为背景,通过Nash博弈求解Hotelling模型,同时分析港口竞争程度对港口定价、市场腹地与利润的影响,最后通过算例验证这些结果。研究可知,港口竞争程度越高,基础服务能力越强,港口价格和市场份额越高。但由于此时港口选择人数同步提高,拥挤效应相应增长,导致利润总体下降。因此,港口企业在进行定价决策时还需要考虑更为现实的港口拥挤情况,缓解拥挤效应对其发展极为重要。
In order to analyze the impact of port congestion on pricing decisions,the port competition degree and the port selection are regarded as the influencing factors of congestion effect.The congestion cost is considered comprehensively in the model to make it more practically referenced.Based on the discrimination pricing strategy,the Hotelling model in the game theory is adopted with Nash to analyze the impact of port competition degree on pricing,market hinterland and profit.Finally,the results are verified by examples.The obtained benefits show that when the degree of port competition increases,the basic service capacity increases,which makes the port price and market hinterland increase.However,due to the growth in the number of people selecting the port,the congestion effect increases,and then resulting in an overall decline in profits.Therefore,port enterprises need to consider more realistic port congestion when making pricing decisions.And how to alleviate the congestion effect is extremely important for its development.
In order to analyze the impact of port congestion on pricing decisions,the port competition degree and the port selection are regarded as the influencing factors of congestion effect.The congestion cost is considered comprehensively in the model to make it more practically referenced.Based on the discrimination pricing strategy,the Hotelling model in the game theory is adopted with Nash to analyze the impact of port competition degree on pricing,market hinterland and profit.Finally,the results are verified by examples.The obtained benefits show that when the degree of port competition increases,the basic service capacity increases,which makes the port price and market hinterland increase.However,due to the growth in the number of people selecting the port,the congestion effect increases,and then resulting in an overall decline in profits.Therefore,port enterprises need to consider more realistic port congestion when making pricing decisions.And how to alleviate the congestion effect is extremely important for its development.
引文
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[2]卢含玉,杨斌.基于Hotelling模型的香港港与上海港服务定价策略[J].上海海事大学学报,2017,38(3):61-66.
[3]张文芬,涂敏,杨家其.基于网络外部性的港口FDI企业与内资港口企业博弈策略研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2014,44(3):37-44.
[4]范洋,高田义,乔晗.基于博弈模型的港口群内竞争合作研究———以黄海地区为例[J].系统工程理论与实践,2015,35(4):955-964.
[5] YU M,LEE C-Y,WANG J J.The regional port competition with different terminal competition intensity[J].Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal,2016,29(3/4):659-688.
[6] YU M,SHAN J,MA L.Regional container port competition in a dual gateway-port system[J].Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering,2016,25(4):491-514.
[7]王汉东,董岗.发货人满意度条件下Hotelling模型的港口竞争分析[J].交通科技与经济,2016,18(5):43-47.
[8]张亚明,苏妍嫄.两阶段双寡头垄断市场Hotelling定价模型[J].数学的实践与认识,2017,47(4):25-34.
[9]胡一竑.基于顾客连续偏好的服务需求市场份额划分[J].系统工程,2015,33(12):92-95.
[10] WANG C,LIANG Y.Analyzing the operational efficiency of container ports in Sub-Saharan Africa[J].Open Journal of Social Sciences,2015,3(10):10-17.
[11] FRASER D,NOTTEBOOM T.Port development in Sub-Saharan Africa:Competitive forces,port reform,and investment challenges[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2016:53-78.
[12] CAO Z,CHEN X,HU X,et al.Approximation algorithms for pricing with negative network externalities[J].Journal of Combinatorial Optimization,2017,33(2):681-712.
[13]崔姝,徐庆,马骋.基于Hotelling模型拥挤港口的定价研究[J].物流工程与管理,2015,37(9):180-182,167.
[14] TAN Z,LI W,ZHANG X,et al.Service charge and capacity selection of an inland river port with locationdependent shipping cost and service congestion[J].Transportation Research Part E,2015(76):13-33.
[15] AHLIN C,AHLIN P D.Product differentiation under congestion:Hotelling was right[J].Economic Inquiry,2013,51(3):1750-1763.