海口湾人工填海前后冲淤演变数值模拟
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摘要
为了解近年南海明珠项目、葫芦岛、秀英港扩建工程等人工填海工程对海口湾冲淤变化的影响,基于FVCOM海洋数值模型,对研究区人工填海前后潮流场、波浪场及冲淤变化进行了数值模拟。人工填海后,综合各条件下的冲淤情况,海口湾受潮流和波浪共同作用大部分区域处于淤积状态,年淤积量预测值为0.1～1.0 m;白沙角等局部区域处于侵蚀状态,年冲刷量预测值为0.1～0.3 m;受海口湾人工填海工程的影响,秀英港航道的水动力条件减弱,对通航条件改善有利,需加强航道的水深监测和定时的清淤工作;在南海明珠人工岛南侧波影区泥沙堆积会形成向海的舌状的突出体,其两侧海岸形成侵蚀后退带,需人工补沙等措施以保证岸线稳定。
In order to understand the impact of the artificial reclamations carried out in the South China Sea Bright Pearl Project, the Huludao Island extension and the Xiuying Port expansion in recent years on the changes of scouring and silting in the Haikou Bay, the changes in tidal current field, wave field and scouring and silting before and after the reclamations in the Haikou Bay are simulated numerically based on the finite-volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM). According to the comprehensive situation of scouring and silting under various conditions, most areas of the Haikou Bay are in a silting state after the reclamations in bay due to the actions of tidal currents and wind waves. The predicted annual amount of siltation is in the range of 0.1 m to 1.0 m. Some local areas such as the Baisha headland are in an erosion state, with the predicted annual scour volume being 0.1 m to 0.3 m. Due to the influence of the artificial reclamations, the hydrodynamic condition in the channel of the Xiuying Port is weakened. This is beneficial to the improvement of navigation conditions, but it is still needed to strengthen the monitoring of water depth and the dredging regularly in the channel. In the wave shadow area on the south side of the "South Sea Pearl" Island, the sediment accumulations may cause a tongue-like protrusion forming toward the sea. At the two sides of the protrusion, an erosive and retreated belt may possibly form along the coast so that some measures such as artificial sand-replenishment will be needed in order to ensure the stability of the shoreline.
In order to understand the impact of the artificial reclamations carried out in the South China Sea Bright Pearl Project, the Huludao Island extension and the Xiuying Port expansion in recent years on the changes of scouring and silting in the Haikou Bay, the changes in tidal current field, wave field and scouring and silting before and after the reclamations in the Haikou Bay are simulated numerically based on the finite-volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM). According to the comprehensive situation of scouring and silting under various conditions, most areas of the Haikou Bay are in a silting state after the reclamations in bay due to the actions of tidal currents and wind waves. The predicted annual amount of siltation is in the range of 0.1 m to 1.0 m. Some local areas such as the Baisha headland are in an erosion state, with the predicted annual scour volume being 0.1 m to 0.3 m. Due to the influence of the artificial reclamations, the hydrodynamic condition in the channel of the Xiuying Port is weakened. This is beneficial to the improvement of navigation conditions, but it is still needed to strengthen the monitoring of water depth and the dredging regularly in the channel. In the wave shadow area on the south side of the "South Sea Pearl" Island, the sediment accumulations may cause a tongue-like protrusion forming toward the sea. At the two sides of the protrusion, an erosive and retreated belt may possibly form along the coast so that some measures such as artificial sand-replenishment will be needed in order to ensure the stability of the shoreline.
引文
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[2] CAI F,SU X Z,LIU J H,et al.Coastal erosion and countermeasures in China under global changes[J].Progress in Natural Science,2008,18(10):1093-1103.蔡锋,苏贤泽,刘建辉,等.全球变化背景下我国海岸侵蚀问题及防范对策[J].自然科学进展,2008,18(10):1093-1103.
[3] ZHOU H Y,CHEN S L,HONG X J,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and stability analysis of the beach in west coast of Haikou Bay[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2003,32(1):26-34.周晗宇,陈沈良,钟小菁,等.海口湾西海岸海滩沉积物与海滩稳定性分析[J].热带海洋学报,2003,32(1):26-34.
[4] ZHANG X D,SHEN S M,ZHU S X,et al.Analysis of the coastal erosion and accretion in Haikou Bay by remote sensing[J].Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science),2015(4):42-53.张晓东,沈斯敏,朱首贤,等.海口湾海滩冲淤的遥感分析[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015(4):42-53.
[5] LI M G.Study on numerical simulations of hydrodynamics and its application to the study on sediment movement in coastal and estuarine waters[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2002.李孟国.海岸河口水动力数值模拟研究及对泥沙运动研究的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2002.
[6] Statistical Bureau of Haikou City.Haikou statistical yearbook:2002[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2002.海口市统计局.海口统计年鉴:2002年[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2002.
[7] WANG W J.The development of the wave-dominated coast in northeast of Hainan Province[J].Haiyang Xuebao,1995,17(3):65-71.王文介.琼东北浪控海岸的发育[J].海洋学报,1995,17(3):65-71.
[8] WANG B C,CHEN S L,GONG W P,et al.The formation and evolution of the harbor coast of Hainan island[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2006:43-50.王宝灿,陈沈良,龚文平,等.海南岛港湾海岸的形成与演变[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:43-50.
[9] SHI P,CAO L L,MO W Y,et al.Influence of man-made island construction on the stability of the beach in the west coast of Haikou Bay[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2015,34(5):57-63.石萍,曹玲珑,莫文渊,等.人工岛建设对海口湾西海岸岸滩稳定性影响[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(5):57-63.
[10] ZHAO Y Y,KANG S H,LI W S.Research on effect of Nanhaimingzhu artificial island on channel of Haikou Harbor[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2013,34(4):311-316.赵永印,康苏海,李旺生.南海明珠二期建设对海口港3万吨级航道影响研究[J].水道港口,2013,34(4):311-316.
[11] QI J,CHEN C,BEARDSLEY R C,et al.An unstructured-grid finite-volume surface wave model (FVCOM-SWAVE):Implementation,validations and applications[J].Ocean Modelling,2009,28(1-3):153-166.
[12] WU X G,LIU G S,CHENG W L.3D numerical simulation of sediment in the Hangzhou Bay based on FVCOM[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2011(4):86-96.吴修广,刘光生,程文龙.基于FVCOM的杭州湾三维泥沙数值模拟[J].水利水运工程学报,2011(4):86-96.
[13] LIN Z L,ZHU X M,BAO X W,et al.Three-dimensional tide and tidal current numerical simulation based on FVCOM in Quanzhou Bay[J].Haiyang Xuobao,2013,35(1):15-24.林作梁,朱学明,鲍献文,等.基于FVCOM的泉州湾海域三维潮汐与潮流数值模拟[J].海洋学报,2013,35(1):15-24.
[14] LIANG B C,LI H J,LEE D Y,et al.Numerical study of wave effects on surface wind stress and surface mixing length by three-dimensional circulation modeling[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics Series B,2006,18(4):397-404.
[15] LIANG B C,LI H J,LEE D Y.Bottom shear stress under wave-current interaction[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2008,20(1):88-95.
[16] MEYER-PERTER E,MULLER R.Formulas for bed-load tran-sport[J].Proceedings of International Association for Hydraulic Structures Research-Second Meeting,1948(6):39-64.
[17] LI C C,TIAN M,LUO X L,et al.Sediment transportation and beach movement along northern coast of Nandu River delta,Hainan Island[J].Tropic Oceanology,1997,16(4):26-33.李春初,田明,罗宪林,等.海南岛南渡江三角洲北部沿岸的泥沙转运河岸滩运动[J].热带海洋,1997,16(4):26-33.