R1234yf/R134a混合物在汽车空调中替代R134a的实验研究
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摘要
在使用微通道换热器的汽车空调系统中,实验研究了新型混合制冷剂R1234yf/R134a(质量比为89∶11)替代R134a的可行性。实验结果表明,R1234yf/R134a和R134a的制冷量相似,R1234yf/R134a的COP比R134a低4%~9%,R1234yf/R134a的平均压缩机排气温度比R134a低10℃。通过添加质量分数11%的R134a,可以使R1234yf/R134a不可燃。此外,R1234yf/R134a没有臭氧消耗潜力,全球变暖潜能值小于150,符合欧洲汽车空调标准的要求。在几乎不改变原汽车空调系统的情况下,R1234yf/R134a可用作R134a的环保替代品。
The performance of a new refrigerant, R1234 yf/R134 a(with a mass ratio of 89∶11), was studied as alternative to R134 a in automotive air conditioning systems using micro-channel heat exchangers. The results show that the cooling capacity of R1234 yf/R134 a and R134 a is similar. The COP of R1234 yf/R134 a is lower than that of R134 a by 4%—9%. The average compressor discharge temperature of R1234 yf/R134 a is up to 10℃ lower than that of R134 a. By adding 11%(mass) R134 a, R1234 yf/R134 a can be made non-flammable. In addition, R1234 yf/R134 a has no ozone depletion potential, with a global warming potential of less than 150, thus meeting the requirement of European mobile air-conditioner directives. R1234 yf/R134 a can be used as an environment-friendly replacement for R134 a in automotive air conditioning systems, with minor modifications.
The performance of a new refrigerant, R1234 yf/R134 a(with a mass ratio of 89∶11), was studied as alternative to R134 a in automotive air conditioning systems using micro-channel heat exchangers. The results show that the cooling capacity of R1234 yf/R134 a and R134 a is similar. The COP of R1234 yf/R134 a is lower than that of R134 a by 4%—9%. The average compressor discharge temperature of R1234 yf/R134 a is up to 10℃ lower than that of R134 a. By adding 11%(mass) R134 a, R1234 yf/R134 a can be made non-flammable. In addition, R1234 yf/R134 a has no ozone depletion potential, with a global warming potential of less than 150, thus meeting the requirement of European mobile air-conditioner directives. R1234 yf/R134 a can be used as an environment-friendly replacement for R134 a in automotive air conditioning systems, with minor modifications.
引文
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[25]CHO H,PARK C.Experimental investigation of performance and exergy analysis of automotive air conditioning systems using refrigerant R1234yf at various compressor speeds[J].Appl.Therm.Eng.,2016,101:30-37.
[26]SáNCHEZ D,CABELLO R,LLOPIS R,et al.Energy performance evaluation of R1234yf,R1234ze(E),R600a,R290 and R152a as low-GWP R134a alternatives[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2017,74:269-282.
[2]DEVECIO?LU A G,ORU?V.Characteristics of some new generation refrigerants with low GWP[J].Energy Procedia,2015,75:1452-1457.
[3]Global Environmental Change Report.A Brief Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol[EB/OL].[1997-10-15].http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php.
[4]IPCC.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),Fifth Assessment Report:Climate Change.Geneva,Switzerland[EB/OL].[2013-4-13].http://www.ipcc.ch/.
[5]Directive 2006/40/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 17 May 2006 relating to emissions from air conditioning systems in motor vehicles and amending council directive 70/156/EEC.Official J.Eur.Union[EB/OL].[2006-06-14].http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006L0040.
[6]NAVARRO E,MARTíNEZ-GALVAN I O,NOHALES J,et al.Comparative experimental study of an open piston compressor working with R-1234yf,R-134a and R-290[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2013,36:768-775.
[7]CABELLO R,SáNCHEZ D,LLOPIS R,et al.Experimental comparison between R152a and R134a working in a refrigeration facility equipped with a hermetic compressor[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2015,60:92-105.
[8]STEVEN BROWN J,YANA-MOTTA S F,DOMANSKI P A.Comparative analysis of an automotive air conditioning system operating with CO2 and R134a[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2002,25:19-32.
[9]LU M C,TONG J R,WANG C C.Investigation of two-phase convective boiling of HFO-1234yf in a 3.9 mm diameter tube[J].Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer,2013,65:545-551.
[10]TANAKA K,HIGASHI Y.Thermodynamic properties of HFO-1234yf(2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene)[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2010,33:474-479.
[11]STEVEN BROWN J,ZILIO C,CAVALLINI A.Thermodynamic properties of eight fluorinated olefins[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2010,33(2):235-241.
[12]曹霞.HFO-1234YF——新一代汽车空调制冷剂[J].制冷与空调,2008,8(6):55-61.CAO X.HFO-1234YF—a new generation of automotive air conditioning refrigerants[J].Refrigeration and Air-conditioning,2008,8(6):55-61.
[13]赵宇.R1234yf汽车空调系统性能研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.ZHAO Y.Research on the performance of R1234yf automotive air conditioning system[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2013.
[14]朱正园,柳建华,张良,等.HF0-1234yf与HFC-134a比较分析[J].低温与超导,2012,40(4):66-69.ZHU Z Y,LIU J H,ZHANG L,et al.Comparative analysis of HF0-1234yf and HFC-134a[J].Cryo.&Supercond.,2012,40(4):66-69.
[15]SETHI A,BECERRA EV,MOTTA S F.Low GWP R134a replacements for small refrigeration(plug-in)applications[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2016,66:64-72.
[16]MOTA-BABILONI A,NAVARRO-ESBRí,BARRAGáN A,et al.Drop-in energy performance evaluation of R1234yf and R1234ze(E)in a vapor compression system as R134a replacements[J].Appl.Therm.Eng.,2014,71:259-265.
[17]NAVARRO-ESBRíJ,MOLéS F,BARRAGáN-CERVERAá.Experimental analysis of the internal heat exchanger influence on a vapour compression system performance working with R1234yf as a drop-in replacement for R134a[J].Appl.Therm.Eng.,2013,59:153-161.
[18]CHO H,LEE H,PARK C.Performance characteristics of an automobile air conditioning system with internal heat exchanger using refrigerant R1234yf[J].Appl.Therm.Eng.,2013,61:563-569.
[19]ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.Designation and safety classification of refrigerants.ISSN:1041-2336[EB/OL].[2013-3-17].http://sspc34.ashraepcs.org/.
[20]AUTOBLOG.Daimler Sounds Alarm on New Ac Refrigerant Maybe Flammable[R].2012.http://www.autoblog.com/2012/09/28.
[21]MENG Z F,ZHANG H,QIU J Y,et al.Theoretical analysis of R1234ze(E),R152a,and R1234ze(E)/R152a mixtures as replacements of R134a in vapor compression system[J].Adv.Mech.Eng.,2016,8(11):1-10.
[22]LEE Y,KANG D G,JUNG D.Performance of virtually non-flammable azeotropic HFO1234yf/HFC134a mixture for HFC134a applications[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2013,36:1203-1207.
[23]FUKUDA M,MIYAZAKI M,UEZUMI S,et al.Assessment of propane/commercial butane mixtures as possible alternatives to R134a in domestic refrigerators[J].Energy Convers.Manage.,2006,47:2644-2658.
[24]TAYLOR J R.An Introduction to Error Analysis[M].2nd ed.Sausalito:University Science Books,1997.
[25]CHO H,PARK C.Experimental investigation of performance and exergy analysis of automotive air conditioning systems using refrigerant R1234yf at various compressor speeds[J].Appl.Therm.Eng.,2016,101:30-37.
[26]SáNCHEZ D,CABELLO R,LLOPIS R,et al.Energy performance evaluation of R1234yf,R1234ze(E),R600a,R290 and R152a as low-GWP R134a alternatives[J].Int.J.Refrig.,2017,74:269-282.