基于综合权重法的青岛市湿地生态安全评价
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摘要
基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型构建了青岛市湿地生态安全评价指标体系,利用综合权重法确定权重,并通过指标综合指数对青岛市湿地生态安全进行评价。结果表明:青岛市全市湿地生态安全综合指数为61.63,处于低水平的安全状态。人口增长、区域开发、水耗增加是湿地压力的主要来源;湿地景观良好,抗压和自我调节能力较强,总体状态较好;但环保科技投入总体相对较低,产业优化升级速度较慢。青岛市各区市湿地生态安全综合指数排序为:胶州市>黄岛区>平度市>市区>即墨区>莱西市>崂山区>城阳区。胶州市、黄岛区和平度市湿地处于安全状态,其他区域处于临界安全的状态。以国家级湿地公园为代表的城市湿地生态功能区划分有利于湿地的管理和保护,是决定区域湿地生态安全的重要因素;而人口和开发压力大,水耗严重,则直接降低了湿地生态安全。建议通过划定青岛市湿地保护红线、加速产业优化转型、加大环保科技投入等三方面提高青岛市湿地生态安全。
Based on the pressure-state-response model,we constructed an index system and assessed the ecological security of wetlands in Qingdao using a composite index. The comprehensive weighting method was used to quantify the weight of each index. The results showed that the ecological security comprehensive index of wetlands in Qingdao was 61.63,suggesting a low level of security. Population growth,regional development,and increased water consumption were the major pressure on wetlands. The overall condition of wetlands was good,with relatively good landscape and strong resistance and self-regulation ability. The investments in the technology and environmental protection were relatively low,and the industry optimization and upgrade was slow.The ecological security comprehensive index of wetlands in Qingdao decreased in the order of Jiaozhou > Huangdao > Pingdu > Urban > Jimo > Laixi > Laoshan > Chengyang. The wetlands in Jiaozhou,Huangdao and Pingdu were at a safe state,whereas wetlands in other areas were at a state of threshold safety. The urban ecological function regionalization represented by national wetland parks was helpful to the management and protection of wetlands,which was an important factor affecting ecological security of wetlands. The high population,development pressure,and high water consumption directly reduced the ecological security of wetlands. Therefore,we suggest to improve the ecological safety of wetlands in Qingdao by delimiting red line of wetland conservation,accelerating transformation and upgrading of traditional industries,and increasing the investment in the technology and environmental protection.
Based on the pressure-state-response model,we constructed an index system and assessed the ecological security of wetlands in Qingdao using a composite index. The comprehensive weighting method was used to quantify the weight of each index. The results showed that the ecological security comprehensive index of wetlands in Qingdao was 61.63,suggesting a low level of security. Population growth,regional development,and increased water consumption were the major pressure on wetlands. The overall condition of wetlands was good,with relatively good landscape and strong resistance and self-regulation ability. The investments in the technology and environmental protection were relatively low,and the industry optimization and upgrade was slow.The ecological security comprehensive index of wetlands in Qingdao decreased in the order of Jiaozhou > Huangdao > Pingdu > Urban > Jimo > Laixi > Laoshan > Chengyang. The wetlands in Jiaozhou,Huangdao and Pingdu were at a safe state,whereas wetlands in other areas were at a state of threshold safety. The urban ecological function regionalization represented by national wetland parks was helpful to the management and protection of wetlands,which was an important factor affecting ecological security of wetlands. The high population,development pressure,and high water consumption directly reduced the ecological security of wetlands. Therefore,we suggest to improve the ecological safety of wetlands in Qingdao by delimiting red line of wetland conservation,accelerating transformation and upgrading of traditional industries,and increasing the investment in the technology and environmental protection.
引文
蔡崇玺.2010.基于RS和GIS海岸湿地生态安全研究---以苏北滨海湿地为例(博士学位论文).上海:东华大学.
陈克林,杨秀芝,吕咏.2015.鸻鹬类鸟东亚-澳大利西亚迁飞路线上的重要驿站:黄渤海湿地.湿地科学,13(1):1-6.
邓伟,白军红.2012.典型湿地系统格局演变与水生态过程:以黄淮海地区为例.北京:科学出版社.
高兴国,王磊,齐代华,等.2013.基于PSR模型的湿地生态安全评价---以大山包湿地为例.湖南师范大学自然科学学报,36(1):86-90.
高静湉,王晓云,李卫平,等.2017.包头南海湿地生态系统健康评价.湿地科学,15(2):207-213.
郭四代,张华,郭杰.2018.基于空间计量模型的中国环境污染评价及影响因素分析.生态学杂志,37(2):471-481.
韩璐.2014.基于指数模型的浙江省湿地生态安全评价研究.上海国土资源,35(2):66-69.
郝敬锋,刘红玉,胡和兵,等.2011.城市化背景下区域湿地生态安全多尺度综合评价.南京师大学报:自然科学版,34(1):119-124.
户超,王洪翠,罗阳.2012.P-S-R模型在海河流域湿地生态安全评价中的应用.水资源保护,28(4):38-41.
黄备,邵君波,孟伟杰,等.2016.利用PSR模型的椒江河口生态系统环境质量评价.湿地科学,14(6):825-831.
姜明,吕宪国,杨青.2006.湿地土壤及其环境功能评价体系.湿地科学,4(3):168-173.
李婧昕,杨立,杨蕾,等.2018.基于熵理论的城市生态系统服务流定量评估---以北京市为例.应用生态学报,29(3):987-996.
廖柳文,秦建新.2016.环长株潭城市群湿地生态安全研究.地球信息科学学报,18(9):1217-1226.
刘世栋,薛东前,高峻.2012.上海杭州湾北岸滨海地区生态安全评价.安全与环境学报,12(6):124-130.
苗承玉,马晓男,曹光兰,等.2011.图们江下游敬信湿地生态安全评价研究.延边大学学报:自然科学版,37(2):184-188.
潘竟虎,张建辉.2014.中国国家湿地公园空间分布特征与可接近性.生态学杂志,33(5):1359-1367.
秦耀辰.1997.区域持续发展理论与实践.经济地理,(2):1-7.
宋国利,臧淑英,王雪燕,等.2011.基于模糊综合评价法的乐清湾湿地生态安全评价.自然灾害学报,(5):24-31.
苏贤保,李勋贵,刘巨峰,等.2018.基于综合权重法的西北典型区域水资源脆弱性评价研究.干旱区资源与环境,(3):122-128.
王耕,王彦双,王嘉丽.2012.辽宁双台河口湿地生态安全评价.环境科学与管理,37(4):45-52.
王雅男.2008.环湾保护拥湾发展.青岛市第七届学术年会论文集:7-9.
吴健生,张茜,曹祺文.2017.快速城市化地区湿地生态安全评价---以深圳市为例.湿地科学,15(3):321-328.
吴开亚.2003.生态安全理论形成的背景探析.合肥工业大学学报:社会科学版,(5):24-27.
解雪峰,吴涛,肖翠,等.2014.基于PSR模型的东阳江流域生态安全评价.资源科学,36(8):1702-1711.
燕守广,唐欢欢,曹学章,等.2016.江苏省陆域生态红线区域生态安全评价.生态环境学报,25(10):1638-1643.
杨露梅,朱明君,鄂建,等.2015.南京市地下水地源热泵系统适宜性分区评价:基于层次分析法和熵权系数法.现代地质,(2):285-290.
易凤佳,黄端,刘建红,等.2017.汉江流域湿地变化及其生态健康评价.地球信息科学学报,19(1):70-79.
张慧,李智,刘光,等.2016.中国城市湿地研究进展.湿地科学,14(1):103-107.
张树苗,白加德,李夷平,等.2018.城市化进程下北京市湿地面积变化研究.湿地科学,16(1):30-32.
张延生,乔中涛,井建辉.2014.基于综合权重多属性决策模型的装备测试性最优诊断方案获取.计算机测量与控制,22(9):2826-2829.
张艳艳,孔范龙,郗敏,等.2016.青岛市湿地保护红线划定研究.湿地科学,14(1):129-136.
朱卫红,苗承玉,郑小军,等.2014.基于3S技术的图们江流域湿地生态安全评价与预警研究.生态学报,34(6):1379-1390.
Bai J,Rong X,Cui B,et al.2011.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in wetland soils from the young and old reclaimed regions in the Pearl River estuary,south China.Environmental Pollution,159:817-824.
Broeck MVD,Waterkeyn A,Rhazi L,et al.2015.Assessing the ecological integrity of endorheic wetlands,with focus on Mediterranean temporary ponds.Ecological Indicators,54:1-11.
Herrmann S,Dabbert S,Raumer SV.2003.Threshold values for nature protection areas as indicators for bio-diversity:Aregional evaluation of economic and ecological consequences.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,98:493-506.
Hopkins KG,Morse NB,Bain DJ,et al.2015.Assessment of regional variation in streamflow responses to urbanization and the persistence of physiography.Environmental Science&Technology,49:2724-2732.
Jiang W,Wang W,Chen Y,et al.2012.Quantifying driving forces of urban wetlands change in Beijing city.Journal of Geographical Sciences,22:301-314.
Lee HS.2018.A study on the sustainability of the Ramsar wetland eco-tourism sites in Korea:Making a list of evaluation indicators and measurement variables.International Journal of Tourism&Hospitality Research,32:99-117.
Miao L,Jiang W,Yuan W,et al.2013.Beijing urban wetland function zoning based on the weighted Voronoi diagram.Journal of Geo-Information Science,15:554.
Niu Z,Zhang H,Gong P.2011.More protection for China’s wetlands.Nature,471:305.
Pierik ME,Dell’Acqua M,Confalonieri R,et al.2016.Designing ecological corridors in a fragmented landscape:A fuzzy approach to circuit connectivity analysis.Ecological Indicators,67:807-820.
Tian J,Gang G.2012.Research on regional ecological security assessment.Energy Procedia,16:1180-1186.
Wang G,Wang M,Lu X,et al.2017.Duration of farming is an indicator of natural restoration potential of sedge meadows.Scientific Reports,7:10692.
Xi M,Kong F,Lyu X,et al.2015.Spatial variation of dissolved organic carbon in soils of riparian wetlands and responses to hydro-geomorphologic changes in Sanjiang Plain,China.Chinese Geographical Science,25:174-183.
陈克林,杨秀芝,吕咏.2015.鸻鹬类鸟东亚-澳大利西亚迁飞路线上的重要驿站:黄渤海湿地.湿地科学,13(1):1-6.
邓伟,白军红.2012.典型湿地系统格局演变与水生态过程:以黄淮海地区为例.北京:科学出版社.
高兴国,王磊,齐代华,等.2013.基于PSR模型的湿地生态安全评价---以大山包湿地为例.湖南师范大学自然科学学报,36(1):86-90.
高静湉,王晓云,李卫平,等.2017.包头南海湿地生态系统健康评价.湿地科学,15(2):207-213.
郭四代,张华,郭杰.2018.基于空间计量模型的中国环境污染评价及影响因素分析.生态学杂志,37(2):471-481.
韩璐.2014.基于指数模型的浙江省湿地生态安全评价研究.上海国土资源,35(2):66-69.
郝敬锋,刘红玉,胡和兵,等.2011.城市化背景下区域湿地生态安全多尺度综合评价.南京师大学报:自然科学版,34(1):119-124.
户超,王洪翠,罗阳.2012.P-S-R模型在海河流域湿地生态安全评价中的应用.水资源保护,28(4):38-41.
黄备,邵君波,孟伟杰,等.2016.利用PSR模型的椒江河口生态系统环境质量评价.湿地科学,14(6):825-831.
姜明,吕宪国,杨青.2006.湿地土壤及其环境功能评价体系.湿地科学,4(3):168-173.
李婧昕,杨立,杨蕾,等.2018.基于熵理论的城市生态系统服务流定量评估---以北京市为例.应用生态学报,29(3):987-996.
廖柳文,秦建新.2016.环长株潭城市群湿地生态安全研究.地球信息科学学报,18(9):1217-1226.
刘世栋,薛东前,高峻.2012.上海杭州湾北岸滨海地区生态安全评价.安全与环境学报,12(6):124-130.
苗承玉,马晓男,曹光兰,等.2011.图们江下游敬信湿地生态安全评价研究.延边大学学报:自然科学版,37(2):184-188.
潘竟虎,张建辉.2014.中国国家湿地公园空间分布特征与可接近性.生态学杂志,33(5):1359-1367.
秦耀辰.1997.区域持续发展理论与实践.经济地理,(2):1-7.
宋国利,臧淑英,王雪燕,等.2011.基于模糊综合评价法的乐清湾湿地生态安全评价.自然灾害学报,(5):24-31.
苏贤保,李勋贵,刘巨峰,等.2018.基于综合权重法的西北典型区域水资源脆弱性评价研究.干旱区资源与环境,(3):122-128.
王耕,王彦双,王嘉丽.2012.辽宁双台河口湿地生态安全评价.环境科学与管理,37(4):45-52.
王雅男.2008.环湾保护拥湾发展.青岛市第七届学术年会论文集:7-9.
吴健生,张茜,曹祺文.2017.快速城市化地区湿地生态安全评价---以深圳市为例.湿地科学,15(3):321-328.
吴开亚.2003.生态安全理论形成的背景探析.合肥工业大学学报:社会科学版,(5):24-27.
解雪峰,吴涛,肖翠,等.2014.基于PSR模型的东阳江流域生态安全评价.资源科学,36(8):1702-1711.
燕守广,唐欢欢,曹学章,等.2016.江苏省陆域生态红线区域生态安全评价.生态环境学报,25(10):1638-1643.
杨露梅,朱明君,鄂建,等.2015.南京市地下水地源热泵系统适宜性分区评价:基于层次分析法和熵权系数法.现代地质,(2):285-290.
易凤佳,黄端,刘建红,等.2017.汉江流域湿地变化及其生态健康评价.地球信息科学学报,19(1):70-79.
张慧,李智,刘光,等.2016.中国城市湿地研究进展.湿地科学,14(1):103-107.
张树苗,白加德,李夷平,等.2018.城市化进程下北京市湿地面积变化研究.湿地科学,16(1):30-32.
张延生,乔中涛,井建辉.2014.基于综合权重多属性决策模型的装备测试性最优诊断方案获取.计算机测量与控制,22(9):2826-2829.
张艳艳,孔范龙,郗敏,等.2016.青岛市湿地保护红线划定研究.湿地科学,14(1):129-136.
朱卫红,苗承玉,郑小军,等.2014.基于3S技术的图们江流域湿地生态安全评价与预警研究.生态学报,34(6):1379-1390.
Bai J,Rong X,Cui B,et al.2011.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in wetland soils from the young and old reclaimed regions in the Pearl River estuary,south China.Environmental Pollution,159:817-824.
Broeck MVD,Waterkeyn A,Rhazi L,et al.2015.Assessing the ecological integrity of endorheic wetlands,with focus on Mediterranean temporary ponds.Ecological Indicators,54:1-11.
Herrmann S,Dabbert S,Raumer SV.2003.Threshold values for nature protection areas as indicators for bio-diversity:Aregional evaluation of economic and ecological consequences.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,98:493-506.
Hopkins KG,Morse NB,Bain DJ,et al.2015.Assessment of regional variation in streamflow responses to urbanization and the persistence of physiography.Environmental Science&Technology,49:2724-2732.
Jiang W,Wang W,Chen Y,et al.2012.Quantifying driving forces of urban wetlands change in Beijing city.Journal of Geographical Sciences,22:301-314.
Lee HS.2018.A study on the sustainability of the Ramsar wetland eco-tourism sites in Korea:Making a list of evaluation indicators and measurement variables.International Journal of Tourism&Hospitality Research,32:99-117.
Miao L,Jiang W,Yuan W,et al.2013.Beijing urban wetland function zoning based on the weighted Voronoi diagram.Journal of Geo-Information Science,15:554.
Niu Z,Zhang H,Gong P.2011.More protection for China’s wetlands.Nature,471:305.
Pierik ME,Dell’Acqua M,Confalonieri R,et al.2016.Designing ecological corridors in a fragmented landscape:A fuzzy approach to circuit connectivity analysis.Ecological Indicators,67:807-820.
Tian J,Gang G.2012.Research on regional ecological security assessment.Energy Procedia,16:1180-1186.
Wang G,Wang M,Lu X,et al.2017.Duration of farming is an indicator of natural restoration potential of sedge meadows.Scientific Reports,7:10692.
Xi M,Kong F,Lyu X,et al.2015.Spatial variation of dissolved organic carbon in soils of riparian wetlands and responses to hydro-geomorphologic changes in Sanjiang Plain,China.Chinese Geographical Science,25:174-183.