混合盐碱胁迫对芸芥生长发育和生理性状的影响
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摘要
为评价不同生长期芸芥对混合盐碱胁迫的耐受性及相应的生理机制,采用不同浓度的混合盐碱溶液分别进行种子萌发期、苗期及成株期胁迫试验。结果表明:(1)在种子萌发期,低浓度(20和30mmol·L~(-1))混合盐碱胁迫仅延迟了芸芥种子的萌发时间,对种子活力的影响较小;40mmol·L~(-1)盐碱胁迫下,发芽势和发芽率均显著低于对照值;≥50mmol·L~(-1)盐碱处理下,种子完全丧失活力。(2)苗期叶片相对含水量与盐碱浓度和胁迫时间均呈负相关,盐碱浓度≥40mmol·L~(-1),相对含水量显著下降,而丙二醛含量显著升高;随盐碱浓度增加及胁迫时间延长,叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量总体呈增加趋势,而可溶性蛋白含量却逐渐降低,说明芸芥幼苗对盐碱胁迫的适应在一定程度上主要取决于可溶性糖和脯氨酸等有机物质的积累;(3)成株期低浓度胁迫对株高和开花期影响不显著,≥40mmol·L~(-1)盐碱胁迫时,株高降低,开花期延迟,单株角果数少,部分种子干瘪或败育。60mmol·L~(-1)胁迫下植株能存活,但不能开花结实,70mmol·L~(-1)胁迫则严重抑制了营养生长和生殖生长,甚至死亡。混合盐碱胁迫对芸芥根长、鲜重、干重和含水量均有一定的抑制作用,对根重影响显著,低浓度胁迫促进根的伸长,盐碱浓度≥40mmol·L~(-1)时,根长逐渐变短,显著低于对照。总之,萌发期和成株期芸芥对Na Cl+Na2SO4+Na HCO3+Na2CO3混合盐碱胁迫的耐受性不同,苗期可溶性糖和脯氨酸作为主要的调节物质在芸芥适应较高浓度盐碱逆境中起到了重要作用。
To assess the tolerance of E.sativa to mixed salt-alkaline in different growth phase,and to reveal physiological mechanisms responding to salt-alkaline stress,the experiments were conducted using different concentration of salt-alkaline during germination,seedling stage and adult stage.Our results showed that:(1) At germination stage,initial germination was delayed but the seed vigor was not lost when stressed under low concentration of 20 mmol·L~(-1) and 30 mmol·L~(-1) mixed salt-alkaline.Under 40 mmol·L~(-1) salt-alkaline stress,the germination potentiality and germination rate were significantly lower than that of the control group.When the concentration was higher than 50 mmol·L~(-1),the seed vigor were lost completely.(2) Relative water content of leaves(RWC) had negative correlation with the level of salt-alkaline concentration and the stress time.When the salt-alkaline concentration was higher than 40 mmol · L~(-1),RWC was decreased significantly,but malondialdehyde(MDA) content was increased obviously.Both proline and soluble sugar content were significantly increased with the increasing of salt-alkaline concentration and time prolong,but the soluble protein content was reduced gradually,which indicated that the adaptation of E.sativa seedling to saline-alkali stress depended partly on the accumulation of organic material such as soluble sugar and proline etc.(3) At adult stage,effects of salt-alkaline stress on plant height and flowering period were considered,there were no significantly difference between the experimental group and control group when concentration of salt-alkaline was low(20 and 30 mmol·L~(-1)).When salt-alkaline concentration was 40 mmol·L~(-1) to 50 mmol·L~(-1),compared with CK,the experimental group presented shorter plants height,delayed flowering period and less number of efficient horns per plant.E.sativa failed to seed when the concentration of salt-alkaline was 60 mmol·L~(-1).Vegetative and reproductive growth were inhibited seriously,or even death as the concentration of salt-alkaline was 70 mmol·L~(-1).Root length,fresh weight,dry weight and water content were inhibited under salt-alkaline stress of different concentrations,especially the fresh root weight.When the concentration was less than 30 mmol·L~(-1),root length was longer than CK,while it was significantly shorter than CK when the concentration was higher than 40 mmol·L~(-1).In conclusion,salt-alkaline(Na Cl + Na2 SO4+ Na HCO3+ Na2 CO3) tolerance in E.sativa at germination stage and adult stage were different,soluble sugar and proline as the main organic substances played an important role in adapting to high salt-alkaline stress.
To assess the tolerance of E.sativa to mixed salt-alkaline in different growth phase,and to reveal physiological mechanisms responding to salt-alkaline stress,the experiments were conducted using different concentration of salt-alkaline during germination,seedling stage and adult stage.Our results showed that:(1) At germination stage,initial germination was delayed but the seed vigor was not lost when stressed under low concentration of 20 mmol·L~(-1) and 30 mmol·L~(-1) mixed salt-alkaline.Under 40 mmol·L~(-1) salt-alkaline stress,the germination potentiality and germination rate were significantly lower than that of the control group.When the concentration was higher than 50 mmol·L~(-1),the seed vigor were lost completely.(2) Relative water content of leaves(RWC) had negative correlation with the level of salt-alkaline concentration and the stress time.When the salt-alkaline concentration was higher than 40 mmol · L~(-1),RWC was decreased significantly,but malondialdehyde(MDA) content was increased obviously.Both proline and soluble sugar content were significantly increased with the increasing of salt-alkaline concentration and time prolong,but the soluble protein content was reduced gradually,which indicated that the adaptation of E.sativa seedling to saline-alkali stress depended partly on the accumulation of organic material such as soluble sugar and proline etc.(3) At adult stage,effects of salt-alkaline stress on plant height and flowering period were considered,there were no significantly difference between the experimental group and control group when concentration of salt-alkaline was low(20 and 30 mmol·L~(-1)).When salt-alkaline concentration was 40 mmol·L~(-1) to 50 mmol·L~(-1),compared with CK,the experimental group presented shorter plants height,delayed flowering period and less number of efficient horns per plant.E.sativa failed to seed when the concentration of salt-alkaline was 60 mmol·L~(-1).Vegetative and reproductive growth were inhibited seriously,or even death as the concentration of salt-alkaline was 70 mmol·L~(-1).Root length,fresh weight,dry weight and water content were inhibited under salt-alkaline stress of different concentrations,especially the fresh root weight.When the concentration was less than 30 mmol·L~(-1),root length was longer than CK,while it was significantly shorter than CK when the concentration was higher than 40 mmol·L~(-1).In conclusion,salt-alkaline(Na Cl + Na2 SO4+ Na HCO3+ Na2 CO3) tolerance in E.sativa at germination stage and adult stage were different,soluble sugar and proline as the main organic substances played an important role in adapting to high salt-alkaline stress.
引文
[1]陈新,张宗文,吴斌.裸燕麦萌发期耐盐性综合评价与耐盐种质筛选[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(10):2 038-2 046.
[2]杨自辉,王继和,纪永福,等.河西走廊盐碱地治理模式研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):479-482.
[3]韩多红,张勇,晋玲.碱性盐及混合盐碱胁迫对蒙古黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响[J].中草药,2013,43(12):1 662.
[4]杨玉萍.我国芸芥的分布区域和品质特性及研究价值[J].甘肃农业科技,2001(7):15-17.
[5]孙万仓.中国芸芥的分布、类型划分及油菜-芸芥杂交亲和性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2000.
[6]Ashraf M.Organic substances responsible for salt tolerance in Eruca sativa[J].Biol Plantarum,1994,36(2):255-259.
[7]Hilda A,Babak D H,Azra A A.Morpho–physiological responses of Rocket(Eruca sativa L.)varieties to sodium sulfate(Na2SO4)stress:an experimental approach[J].Acta Physiol Plant,2016,38:246.
[8]闫旭东.植物耐盐性鉴定及评价技术规程[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2012.
[9]王治江,刘自刚,孙万仓,等.Na Cl和Na2SO4胁迫对白菜型冬油菜种子萌发的影响及其耐盐性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(6):243-252.
[10]刘自刚,王志江,方圆.Na Cl胁迫对白菜型冬油菜种子萌发和幼苗生理的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(3):351-359.
[11]陈松河.竹类植物耐盐性研究与园林应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[12]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016.
[13]张晓磊,刘晓静,齐敏兴,等.混合盐碱对紫花苜蓿苗期根系特征的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(3):340-346.
[14]殷秀杰,燕昌江,李凤兰.混合盐碱肋、迫对白三叶种子萌发的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(12):59-61.
[15]李玉明,石德成,李毅丹.混合盐碱胁迫对高粱幼苗的影响[J].杂粮作物,2002,22(1):41-45.
[16]刘敏轩,张宗文,吴斌.黍稷种质资源芽、苗期耐中性混合盐胁迫评价与耐盐生理机制研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(18):3 733-3 743.
[17]许耀照,曾秀存,方彦,等.盐碱胁迫对油菜种子萌发和根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(4):14-17.
[18]李海燕,丁雪梅,周婵,等.盐胁迫对三种盐生禾草种子萌发及其胚生长的影响[J].草地学报,2004,12(1):45-50.
[19]殷丽华,徐鹏,柯希望,等.混合盐碱胁迫对绿豆种子萌发与幼苗生长发育的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2015,27(5):40-43.
[20]郭丽红,陈善娜,龚明.NaCl胁迫对玉米幼苗中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性及可溶性蛋白质含量的影响[J].昆明师范高等专科学校学报,2002,24(4):27-30.
[2]杨自辉,王继和,纪永福,等.河西走廊盐碱地治理模式研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):479-482.
[3]韩多红,张勇,晋玲.碱性盐及混合盐碱胁迫对蒙古黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响[J].中草药,2013,43(12):1 662.
[4]杨玉萍.我国芸芥的分布区域和品质特性及研究价值[J].甘肃农业科技,2001(7):15-17.
[5]孙万仓.中国芸芥的分布、类型划分及油菜-芸芥杂交亲和性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2000.
[6]Ashraf M.Organic substances responsible for salt tolerance in Eruca sativa[J].Biol Plantarum,1994,36(2):255-259.
[7]Hilda A,Babak D H,Azra A A.Morpho–physiological responses of Rocket(Eruca sativa L.)varieties to sodium sulfate(Na2SO4)stress:an experimental approach[J].Acta Physiol Plant,2016,38:246.
[8]闫旭东.植物耐盐性鉴定及评价技术规程[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2012.
[9]王治江,刘自刚,孙万仓,等.Na Cl和Na2SO4胁迫对白菜型冬油菜种子萌发的影响及其耐盐性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(6):243-252.
[10]刘自刚,王志江,方圆.Na Cl胁迫对白菜型冬油菜种子萌发和幼苗生理的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(3):351-359.
[11]陈松河.竹类植物耐盐性研究与园林应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[12]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016.
[13]张晓磊,刘晓静,齐敏兴,等.混合盐碱对紫花苜蓿苗期根系特征的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(3):340-346.
[14]殷秀杰,燕昌江,李凤兰.混合盐碱肋、迫对白三叶种子萌发的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(12):59-61.
[15]李玉明,石德成,李毅丹.混合盐碱胁迫对高粱幼苗的影响[J].杂粮作物,2002,22(1):41-45.
[16]刘敏轩,张宗文,吴斌.黍稷种质资源芽、苗期耐中性混合盐胁迫评价与耐盐生理机制研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(18):3 733-3 743.
[17]许耀照,曾秀存,方彦,等.盐碱胁迫对油菜种子萌发和根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(4):14-17.
[18]李海燕,丁雪梅,周婵,等.盐胁迫对三种盐生禾草种子萌发及其胚生长的影响[J].草地学报,2004,12(1):45-50.
[19]殷丽华,徐鹏,柯希望,等.混合盐碱胁迫对绿豆种子萌发与幼苗生长发育的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2015,27(5):40-43.
[20]郭丽红,陈善娜,龚明.NaCl胁迫对玉米幼苗中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性及可溶性蛋白质含量的影响[J].昆明师范高等专科学校学报,2002,24(4):27-30.