施氮量对盐碱土入渗特征参数影响的试验研究
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摘要
盐碱地上氮肥的使用不仅要注重经济效益,更要注重氮肥对盐碱地的影响。为了研究连续滴施氮肥条件下施氮量对盐碱土一维入渗参数的影响,采用不同施氮量(0、300、600、900 mg/L)和不同土壤含盐量(0.3%、0.9%、1.2%)组合,进行室内一维垂直盐碱土土柱的积水入渗试验。结果表明:盐碱土上施氮有降低其入渗性能的效果:随着施氮量的增加,0.3%和0.9%盐碱土入渗过程中累积入渗量和湿润锋曲线均呈下降-升高-下降的趋势;施氮量为600 mg/L时,入渗性能最好,施氮量过高或过低都会降低盐碱土的入渗特性,而施氮量对1.2%盐碱土入渗影响效果很小;在施氮量相同的情况下,含盐量0.3%的土壤入渗性能最好,含盐量1.2%的土壤入渗性能最差.该研究成果可结合新疆盐碱地上作物生长所需条件为其合理施氮提供指导。
The use of nitrogen fertilizer on saline alkali soil should not only focus on economic benefits,but also the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on saline alkali soil. In order to study the infiltration parameters between nitrogen application and saline alkali soil,a 1 D vertical saline soil column infiltration test is conducted with different nitrogen application( 0,300,600,900 mg/L) and different soil salt content( 0.3%,0.9%,1.2%). The results show that nitrogen application on the saline alkali soil reduces the infiltration; with the increase of nitrogen application,the infiltration parameters trend of 0.3% and 0.9% saline alkali soil is up-down-up; when nitrogen application is 600 mg/L,the infiltration property is the best,too high or too low nitrogen application will lower the infiltration property of alkaline soil; with the same nitrogen application,the soil infiltration property of salt content 0.3% is the best,and the soil infiltration property of salt content 1.2% is the worst.The research results can provide guidance for rational nitrogen application based on the conditions of crop growth in saline alkali soil of Xinjiang.
The use of nitrogen fertilizer on saline alkali soil should not only focus on economic benefits,but also the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on saline alkali soil. In order to study the infiltration parameters between nitrogen application and saline alkali soil,a 1 D vertical saline soil column infiltration test is conducted with different nitrogen application( 0,300,600,900 mg/L) and different soil salt content( 0.3%,0.9%,1.2%). The results show that nitrogen application on the saline alkali soil reduces the infiltration; with the increase of nitrogen application,the infiltration parameters trend of 0.3% and 0.9% saline alkali soil is up-down-up; when nitrogen application is 600 mg/L,the infiltration property is the best,too high or too low nitrogen application will lower the infiltration property of alkaline soil; with the same nitrogen application,the soil infiltration property of salt content 0.3% is the best,and the soil infiltration property of salt content 1.2% is the worst.The research results can provide guidance for rational nitrogen application based on the conditions of crop growth in saline alkali soil of Xinjiang.
引文
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[11]祁通,刘易,冯耀祖,等.氮肥施用方式对耐盐冬小麦干物质积累和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1 288-1 293.
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[13]罗朋,张富仓,李晓军,等.入渗水头对盐碱土水盐运移影响的试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2008,(6):4-7.
[14]吴争光,张华.土体类型、干密度和初始含水量对土体入渗率影响的试验研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(5):48-51.
[2]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.膜下滴灌系统不同应用年限棉田根区盐分变化及适耕性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):90-99.
[3]王玉珍,刘永信.盐碱地农业高效利用措施[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(20):4 160-4 162.
[4]伍黎芝,底艳.干旱区盐碱化土地整理工程实证研究---以陕西省蒲城县卤泊滩土地整理项目为例[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(z1):179-182.
[5]樊贵盛,李尧,苏冬阳,等.大田原生盐碱荒地入渗特性的试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):63-70.
[6]Farooq S,Asghar M,Iqbal N,et al.Production of salt-tolerant wheat germplasm through crossing cultivated wheat with Aegilops cylindricaII.Field evaluation of salt-tolerant germplasm[J].Cereal Research Communications,1995,23:275-282.
[7]周士丽.大力推广膜下滴灌技术确保农业增产增收[J].科协论坛,2013,(4):92-93.
[8]黄丽华,沈根祥,钱晓雍,等.滴灌施肥对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(7):49-53.
[9]程美廷.温室土壤盐分积累、盐害及其防治[J].中国土壤与肥料,1990,(1):1-4.
[10]Rouphael Y,Cardarelli M,Rea E,et al.Comparison of the subirrigation and drip-irrigation systems for greenhouse zucchini squash production using saline and non-saline nutrient solutions[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,82(1):99-117.
[11]祁通,刘易,冯耀祖,等.氮肥施用方式对耐盐冬小麦干物质积累和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1 288-1 293.
[12]毕远杰,王全九,雪静.淡水与微咸水入渗特性对比分析[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(7):70-75.
[13]罗朋,张富仓,李晓军,等.入渗水头对盐碱土水盐运移影响的试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2008,(6):4-7.
[14]吴争光,张华.土体类型、干密度和初始含水量对土体入渗率影响的试验研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(5):48-51.