中药六神曲消化酶和生物活性研究进展
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摘要
六神曲是由青蒿、辣蓼、苍耳草、赤小豆、苦杏仁、面粉和麦麸等经天然发酵制成的中药曲剂,为常用发酵中药,其含有丰富的消化酶、挥发油和苷类等多种成分,具有健胃消食之功效,常用于脾胃虚弱,消化不良,呕吐泻利及其他饮食不良引起的症状,是治疗肠胃疾病的特效药物。目前关于六神曲的研究主要包括消化酶、生物活性、制作工艺以及质量标准的建立等方面。本综述以六神曲的应用为基础,对近年来关于六神曲的消化酶及生物活性等方面的研究进展进行总结,并对其后续研究进行展望,旨在为六神曲的深入研究及开发利用提供资料。
Massa Medicata Fermentata is a traditional Chinese medicine made of Artemisia annua, Polygonum hydropiper, Xanthium sibiricum, red bean, bitter almond, flour and wheat bran through natural fermentation. It contains rich digestive enzymes, volatile oils, and glycosides, and it has the function of strengthening the stomach and helping to digest. It is usually used for weakness of the spleen and stomach, indigestion, vomiting and diarrhea and other symptoms caused by poor diet. At present, the study of the Massa Medicata Fermentata mainly includes digestive enzymes, biological activity, production process and the establishment of quality standards. Based on the applications of Massa Medicata Fermentata, this review made a summary of the research progress of the digestive enzymes in Massa Medicata Fermentata and perspectives like its biological activity. This review also gave a further prospect of follow-up studies which was designated to provide information for the in-depth study and exploiting of Massa Medicata Fermentata in the future.
Massa Medicata Fermentata is a traditional Chinese medicine made of Artemisia annua, Polygonum hydropiper, Xanthium sibiricum, red bean, bitter almond, flour and wheat bran through natural fermentation. It contains rich digestive enzymes, volatile oils, and glycosides, and it has the function of strengthening the stomach and helping to digest. It is usually used for weakness of the spleen and stomach, indigestion, vomiting and diarrhea and other symptoms caused by poor diet. At present, the study of the Massa Medicata Fermentata mainly includes digestive enzymes, biological activity, production process and the establishment of quality standards. Based on the applications of Massa Medicata Fermentata, this review made a summary of the research progress of the digestive enzymes in Massa Medicata Fermentata and perspectives like its biological activity. This review also gave a further prospect of follow-up studies which was designated to provide information for the in-depth study and exploiting of Massa Medicata Fermentata in the future.
引文
Gao P.F.,Zhang W.Y.,Zhou R.R.,Zhang Y.C.,Ma W.W.,and Shi X.Y.,2016,Effects of different Liushen qu on digestive function in mice,Zhonghua Zhongyiyao Xuekan(Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine),34(2):362-364(高鹏飞,张文意,周蓉蓉,张艳聪,马维维,史新元,2016神曲对小鼠消化功能的影响,中华中医药学刊,34(2)362-364)
Guo L.S.,Yang X.D.,Hu J.,Cai Z.W.,and Yang J.Y.,2005,The regulating and protecting effect of medicated leaven on intestinal flora imbalanced mice,Zhongguo Weishengwuxue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Microecology),17(3):174-177(郭丽双,杨旭东,胡静,蔡子微,杨景云,2005,中药“神曲”对肠道菌群失调小鼠调整和保护作用的观察,中国微生态学杂志,17(3):174-177)
Liu F.,Liu Y.Z.,Lin L.X.,Zhang Y.Y.,Yan W.H.,and Hao Q.Q.,2014,Effects of Liushen Qu on intestinal motor function in animals,Zhongyi Linchuang Yanjiu(Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine),6(8):56-57(刘峰,刘言振,林鲁霞,张园园,燕文海,郝琦琦,2014,六神曲对实验动物肠道运动功能的影响,中医临床研究,6(8):56-57)
Liu T.F.,and Jia T.Z.,2014,Investigation of materials compatibility in preparation process of massa medicata fermentata,Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae),20(15):40-43(刘腾飞,贾天柱,2014,神曲制备过程中配料比的考察,中国实验方剂学杂志,20(15):40-43)
Liu T.F.,Gao H.,Liu X.Y.,Wu Y.,and Jia T.Z.,2014,Optimization of fermentation techniques of massa medicata fermentata by response surface methodology,Zhongyaocai(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials),37(10):1757-1761(刘腾飞,高慧,刘晓瑜,吴莹,贾天柱,2014,响应面法优化六神曲发酵工艺,中药材,37(10):1757-1761)
Qin X.R.,Zhang M.J.,Gao X.N.,Lin Y.,Ma L.,and He S.Y.,2009,Study on the antibacterial activity of quercetin,Huaxue Yushengwu Gongcheng(Chemistry&Bioengineering),26(4):55-57,78(秦晓蓉,张铭金,高绪娜,林义,马利,何思宜,2009,槲皮素抗菌活性的研究,化学与生物工程,26(4):55-57,78)
Shen X.K.,Zhang L.R.,Jiang G.R.,and Ye L.L.,2010,Effect of different habitat Liushenqu on experimental anminal intestinal,motion,Sichuan Yixue(Sichuan Medical Journal),31(8):1061-1063(沈夕坤,张露蓉,江国荣,叶亮亮,2010,不同产地六神曲对实验动物肠管运动功能的影响,四川医学,31(8):1061-1063)
Tang L.B.,Ji K.P.,Wang Y.,and Chen Y.J.,2010,Preliminary study on the activities of protease in digestive juice of pitcher plan,Jiyin Zuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),29(2):293-297(唐历波,姬可平,王燕,陈锦永,2010,猪笼草消化液中蛋白酶的活性初探,基因组学与应用生物学,29(2):293-297)
Wang H.Y.,Gao W.Y.,a nd Zhang L.X.,2012,Influence of different processing techniques of Massa Medicata Fermentata on their amylase activity,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(C-hina Journal of Chinese Meteria Medica),37(14):2084-2087(王海洋,高文远,张丽霞,2012,六神曲不同的制备工艺对其淀粉酶活力的影响,中国中药杂志,37(14):2084-2087)
Wang Q.H.,Su Y.,Wang L.H.,Wang C.F.,Fu X.,and Wu L.2014,Study on isolation and identification of fungi in medicated leaven,Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae),20(7):122-127(王秋红,苏阳,王荔慧,王长福,付新,吴伦2014,六神曲中真菌的分离与鉴定,中国实验方剂学杂志,20(7):122-127)
Wang Y.T.,Du J.,Jin F.,Zhou X.,Ren Y.Z.,and Chen Y.L.2016,A comparative study of Liushenqu maltooligosaccharides activity test,Zhongguo Xiandai Zhongyao(Modern Chinese Medicine),18(7):814-817(王云庭,杜杰,金锋,周旭,任玉珍,陈彦琳,2016,不同产地六神曲麦芽低聚糖酶活力实验比较研究,中国现代中药,18(7):814-817)
Wu J.Y.,Li Y.,Wang D.X.,and Shi X.Y.,2013,Investigation pure fermentation and strains separation of Liushenqu,Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae),19(16):12-14(邬吉野李莹,王德馨,史新元,2013,六神曲的发酵菌种分离及纯种发酵考察,中国实验方剂学杂志,19(16):12-14)
Xu Y.,Xie Y.B.,Zhang X.R.,Chen C.,Xiang H.,and Xie Q.2013,Monitoring of the bacterial and fungal biodiversityand dynamics during Massa Medicata Fermentata fermentation Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,97(22):9647-9655
Xu Y.,Zheng L.,Xiang H.Y.,Zhu H.L.,and Xie Q.H.,2012,Dynamic analysis ofthe five digestive gnzyiles in the fermentation of Shenqu,Zhongguo Niangzao(China Brewing),31(10)43-45(徐云,郑璐,相宏宇,朱洪亮,谢秋宏,2012,六神曲发酵过程中5种消化酶的动态分析,中国酿造,31(10):43-45)
Zhang L.R.,Jiang G.R.,Wang F.,and Wang C.Y.,2011,Comparison of digestive enzyme activities and the effect on gastrointestional motility of mice between unprofessed and processed Liushenqu,Zhongguo Linchuang Yixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy),20(3):148-150(张露蓉,江国荣,王斐,王纯庠,2011,六神曲生品与炒制品的消化酶活力及胃肠动力比较,中国临床药学杂志,20(3):148-150)
Zhang L.X.,Gao W.Y.,and Wang H.Y.,2012,Identification of microorganism from traditional Chinese medicine Massa Medicata Fermentata,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Meteria Medica),37(13):1928-1931(张丽霞,高文远,王海洋,2012,六神曲中酵母菌的鉴定,中国中药杂志,37(13):1928-1931)
Zhang N.F.,Han S.Y.,and Zhang Y.S.,2015,Study on quality standard of medicated leaven,Zhongguo Yixuebao(China Journal of Chinese Medicine),(1):98-100(张南方,韩顺意,张义生,2015,六神曲质量标准研究,中医学报,1(1):98-100)
Zhuang Y.H.,Yang C.H.,Yang D.X.,Wang Y.,Hu J.,and Xia Q.P.,2005,Study on the microecological changes and curetive effects of irritable bowel syndrom by Chinese drug“Shenqu”,Zhongguo Weishengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Microecology),17(1):41-43(庄彦华,杨春辉,杨旭东,王颖,胡静,夏清平,2005,中药“神曲”对肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群的调节和临床疗效的研究,中国微生态学杂志,17(1):41-43)
Guo L.S.,Yang X.D.,Hu J.,Cai Z.W.,and Yang J.Y.,2005,The regulating and protecting effect of medicated leaven on intestinal flora imbalanced mice,Zhongguo Weishengwuxue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Microecology),17(3):174-177(郭丽双,杨旭东,胡静,蔡子微,杨景云,2005,中药“神曲”对肠道菌群失调小鼠调整和保护作用的观察,中国微生态学杂志,17(3):174-177)
Liu F.,Liu Y.Z.,Lin L.X.,Zhang Y.Y.,Yan W.H.,and Hao Q.Q.,2014,Effects of Liushen Qu on intestinal motor function in animals,Zhongyi Linchuang Yanjiu(Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine),6(8):56-57(刘峰,刘言振,林鲁霞,张园园,燕文海,郝琦琦,2014,六神曲对实验动物肠道运动功能的影响,中医临床研究,6(8):56-57)
Liu T.F.,and Jia T.Z.,2014,Investigation of materials compatibility in preparation process of massa medicata fermentata,Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae),20(15):40-43(刘腾飞,贾天柱,2014,神曲制备过程中配料比的考察,中国实验方剂学杂志,20(15):40-43)
Liu T.F.,Gao H.,Liu X.Y.,Wu Y.,and Jia T.Z.,2014,Optimization of fermentation techniques of massa medicata fermentata by response surface methodology,Zhongyaocai(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials),37(10):1757-1761(刘腾飞,高慧,刘晓瑜,吴莹,贾天柱,2014,响应面法优化六神曲发酵工艺,中药材,37(10):1757-1761)
Qin X.R.,Zhang M.J.,Gao X.N.,Lin Y.,Ma L.,and He S.Y.,2009,Study on the antibacterial activity of quercetin,Huaxue Yushengwu Gongcheng(Chemistry&Bioengineering),26(4):55-57,78(秦晓蓉,张铭金,高绪娜,林义,马利,何思宜,2009,槲皮素抗菌活性的研究,化学与生物工程,26(4):55-57,78)
Shen X.K.,Zhang L.R.,Jiang G.R.,and Ye L.L.,2010,Effect of different habitat Liushenqu on experimental anminal intestinal,motion,Sichuan Yixue(Sichuan Medical Journal),31(8):1061-1063(沈夕坤,张露蓉,江国荣,叶亮亮,2010,不同产地六神曲对实验动物肠管运动功能的影响,四川医学,31(8):1061-1063)
Tang L.B.,Ji K.P.,Wang Y.,and Chen Y.J.,2010,Preliminary study on the activities of protease in digestive juice of pitcher plan,Jiyin Zuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),29(2):293-297(唐历波,姬可平,王燕,陈锦永,2010,猪笼草消化液中蛋白酶的活性初探,基因组学与应用生物学,29(2):293-297)
Wang H.Y.,Gao W.Y.,a nd Zhang L.X.,2012,Influence of different processing techniques of Massa Medicata Fermentata on their amylase activity,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(C-hina Journal of Chinese Meteria Medica),37(14):2084-2087(王海洋,高文远,张丽霞,2012,六神曲不同的制备工艺对其淀粉酶活力的影响,中国中药杂志,37(14):2084-2087)
Wang Q.H.,Su Y.,Wang L.H.,Wang C.F.,Fu X.,and Wu L.2014,Study on isolation and identification of fungi in medicated leaven,Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae),20(7):122-127(王秋红,苏阳,王荔慧,王长福,付新,吴伦2014,六神曲中真菌的分离与鉴定,中国实验方剂学杂志,20(7):122-127)
Wang Y.T.,Du J.,Jin F.,Zhou X.,Ren Y.Z.,and Chen Y.L.2016,A comparative study of Liushenqu maltooligosaccharides activity test,Zhongguo Xiandai Zhongyao(Modern Chinese Medicine),18(7):814-817(王云庭,杜杰,金锋,周旭,任玉珍,陈彦琳,2016,不同产地六神曲麦芽低聚糖酶活力实验比较研究,中国现代中药,18(7):814-817)
Wu J.Y.,Li Y.,Wang D.X.,and Shi X.Y.,2013,Investigation pure fermentation and strains separation of Liushenqu,Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae),19(16):12-14(邬吉野李莹,王德馨,史新元,2013,六神曲的发酵菌种分离及纯种发酵考察,中国实验方剂学杂志,19(16):12-14)
Xu Y.,Xie Y.B.,Zhang X.R.,Chen C.,Xiang H.,and Xie Q.2013,Monitoring of the bacterial and fungal biodiversityand dynamics during Massa Medicata Fermentata fermentation Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,97(22):9647-9655
Xu Y.,Zheng L.,Xiang H.Y.,Zhu H.L.,and Xie Q.H.,2012,Dynamic analysis ofthe five digestive gnzyiles in the fermentation of Shenqu,Zhongguo Niangzao(China Brewing),31(10)43-45(徐云,郑璐,相宏宇,朱洪亮,谢秋宏,2012,六神曲发酵过程中5种消化酶的动态分析,中国酿造,31(10):43-45)
Zhang L.R.,Jiang G.R.,Wang F.,and Wang C.Y.,2011,Comparison of digestive enzyme activities and the effect on gastrointestional motility of mice between unprofessed and processed Liushenqu,Zhongguo Linchuang Yixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy),20(3):148-150(张露蓉,江国荣,王斐,王纯庠,2011,六神曲生品与炒制品的消化酶活力及胃肠动力比较,中国临床药学杂志,20(3):148-150)
Zhang L.X.,Gao W.Y.,and Wang H.Y.,2012,Identification of microorganism from traditional Chinese medicine Massa Medicata Fermentata,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Meteria Medica),37(13):1928-1931(张丽霞,高文远,王海洋,2012,六神曲中酵母菌的鉴定,中国中药杂志,37(13):1928-1931)
Zhang N.F.,Han S.Y.,and Zhang Y.S.,2015,Study on quality standard of medicated leaven,Zhongguo Yixuebao(China Journal of Chinese Medicine),(1):98-100(张南方,韩顺意,张义生,2015,六神曲质量标准研究,中医学报,1(1):98-100)
Zhuang Y.H.,Yang C.H.,Yang D.X.,Wang Y.,Hu J.,and Xia Q.P.,2005,Study on the microecological changes and curetive effects of irritable bowel syndrom by Chinese drug“Shenqu”,Zhongguo Weishengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Microecology),17(1):41-43(庄彦华,杨春辉,杨旭东,王颖,胡静,夏清平,2005,中药“神曲”对肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群的调节和临床疗效的研究,中国微生态学杂志,17(1):41-43)