干旱区凝结水研究进展
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摘要
在干旱半干旱区,凝结水是非常重要的水资源。【目的】提供研究凝结水的思路。【方法】基于文献综述的方法,分析汇总了国内外干旱区凝结水研究成果。【结果】列举了测定不同类型凝结水的方法,其中微型蒸渗仪法是研究土壤凝结水量普遍采用的方法,人造凝结面法是测定植物表面凝结水的主要方法。总结了凝结水的生成规律和数量特征,并从气象和下垫面2个方面归纳了凝结水形成的影响因素,探讨了凝结水维系干旱区生态环境的重要作用。目前凝结水研究存在的问题主要是测定方法尚无统一标准。最后,对凝结水的研究前景进行展望。【结论】建议在凝结水的垂直分布规律、凝结水在水热传输中的作用以及建立估算模型确定凝结水生成量等方面加强研究。
Condensation water is an important water resource in arid regions and semi-arid regions.【Objective】Provide the methods to research condensation water.【Method】According to the literature review, the recent research results condensation water were analyzed.【Result】The study presented some methods for determination of different types of condensation water concluding micro-lysimeter method which was widely used in researching condensation water of soil and artificial condensation surface method which was the main method of measuring condensation water on plant surface. The formation rules and quantitative characteristics were summarized, as well as the factors such as weather and underlying surface that affected the formation of condensation water. After discussing the importance of condensation water in protecting the ecological environment of arid regions, this paper came up with existing problems in studying that we did not have a universal standard in condensation measurements. Finally, the research trends of condensation water in arid regions were prospected.【Conclusion】It is suggested to strengthen the research on the vertical distribution of condensation water, the role of condensation water in water and heat transfer and the establishment of estimating model to determine the amount of condensation water.
Condensation water is an important water resource in arid regions and semi-arid regions.【Objective】Provide the methods to research condensation water.【Method】According to the literature review, the recent research results condensation water were analyzed.【Result】The study presented some methods for determination of different types of condensation water concluding micro-lysimeter method which was widely used in researching condensation water of soil and artificial condensation surface method which was the main method of measuring condensation water on plant surface. The formation rules and quantitative characteristics were summarized, as well as the factors such as weather and underlying surface that affected the formation of condensation water. After discussing the importance of condensation water in protecting the ecological environment of arid regions, this paper came up with existing problems in studying that we did not have a universal standard in condensation measurements. Finally, the research trends of condensation water in arid regions were prospected.【Conclusion】It is suggested to strengthen the research on the vertical distribution of condensation water, the role of condensation water in water and heat transfer and the establishment of estimating model to determine the amount of condensation water.
引文
[1]庄艳丽,赵文智.干旱区凝结水研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2008, 23(1):31-38.
[2]张兴鲁.干旱地区沙丘水汽凝结及其意义[J].水文地质工程地质, 1986(6):39-42.
[3]陈荷生,康跃虎.沙坡头地区凝结水及其在生态环境中的意义[J].干旱区资源与环境,1992(2):63-72.
[4] JACOBS AFG,BOXEL H V J, NIEVEEN J. Nighttime exchange processes near the soil surface of a maize canopy[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1996, 82(1/4):155-169.
[5] GOOSSENS D, OFFER Z Y. Comparisons of daytime and nighttime dust accumulation in a desert region[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1995, 31(3):253-281.
[6] MENGEL K, KIRKBY E A, KOSEGARTEN H, et al. Plant water relationships[M]//Principles of Plant Nutrition. Dordrecht:Springer, 2001:181-242.
[7]郭占荣,韩双平.西北干旱地区凝结水试验研究[J].水科学进展, 2002, 13(5):623-628.
[8]方静,丁永建.荒漠绿洲边缘凝结水量及其影响因子[J].冰川冻土, 2005, 27(5):755-760.
[9]郭斌,陈亚宁,郝兴明,等.不同下垫面土壤凝结水特征及其影响因素[J].自然资源学报, 2011,26(11):1 963-1 974.
[10]陈荣毅.古尔班通古特沙漠表层土壤凝结水水汽来源特征分析[J].中国沙漠, 2012, 32(4):985-989.
[11]尹瑞平,吴永胜,张欣,等.毛乌素沙地南缘沙丘生物结皮对凝结水形成和蒸发的影响[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(19):6 173-6 180.
[12]刘新平,何玉惠,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地不同生境土壤凝结水的试验研究[J].应用生态学报, 2009, 20(8):1 918-1 924.
[13]佳依山,多立安,郑志荣,等.呼伦贝尔典型草原三种植物群落土壤凝结水比较[J].水土保持通报, 2016, 36(3):114-119.
[14]方静,丁永建.干旱荒漠区沙土凝结水与微气象因子关系[J].中国沙漠, 2015, 35(5):1 200-1 205.
[15]阎百兴,王毅勇,徐治国,等.三江平原沼泽生态系统中露水凝结研究[J].湿地科学, 2004, 2(2):94-99.
[16] KIDRON G J. Altitude dependent dew and fog in the negev desert, israel[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1999, 96(1):1-8.
[17] JACOBS A F G, VAN PUL A, ELKILANI R M M. Dew formation and the drying process within a maize canopy[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1994,69(4):367-378.
[18] TAKENAKA N, SODA H, SATO K, et al. Difference in amounts and composition of dew from different types of dew collectors[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003, 147(1/4):51-60.
[19]杨路明,秦树高,刘振,等.毛乌素沙地不同下垫面地表凝结水形成过程[J].北京林业大学学报, 2016, 38(2):90-95.
[20]侯新伟,张发旺,崔晓梅,等.毛乌素沙地东南缘土壤凝结水的形成规律[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2010, 24(8):36-41.
[21] KIDRON G J. Analysis of dew precipitation in three habitats within a small arid drainage basin, Negev Highlands, Israel[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2000,55(3):257-270.
[22] JACOBS A F G, HEUSINKVELD B G, BERKOWICZ S M. Dew Deposition in a Desert System:A Simple Simulation Model[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1999, 42(3):211-222.
[23] BEYSENS D, MUSELLI M, NIKOLAYEV V, et al. Measurement and modelling of dew in island, coastal and alpine areas[J]. Atmospheric Research,2005, 73(1/2):1-22.
[24]孙自永,余绍文,周爱国,等.新疆罗布泊地区凝结水试验[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(2):91-96.
[25] LEKOUCH I, MUSELLI M, KABBACHI B. Dew, fog, and rain as supplementary sources of water in south-western morocco[J]. Energy, 2011, 36(4):2257-2 265.
[26]张静,张元明,周晓兵,等.生物结皮影响下沙漠土壤表面凝结水的形成与变化特征[J].生态学报,2009, 29(12):6 600-6 608.
[27]余绍文,孙自永,周爱国,等.黑河中游临泽地区夏季露水的生成[J].干旱区研究,2011, 28(3):471-477.
[28]郭晓楠,查天山,贾昕,等.典型沙生灌木生态系统凝结水量估算[J].北京林业大学学报,2016, 38(10):80-87.
[29]方静,丁永建.干旱荒漠区沙土凝结水与微气象因子关系[J].中国沙漠, 2015, 35(5):1 200-1 205.
[30]李玉灵,朱帆,张国盛,等,毛乌素沙地凝结水动态变化及其影响因子的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2008, 22(8):61-66.
[31]郭斌,李卫红,郝兴明,等.极端干旱区不同下垫面土壤凝结水试验研究[J].地理科学进展, 2012, 31(9):1 171-1 179.
[32]陈荣毅,魏文寿,王敏仲.古尔班通古特沙漠地表土壤凝结水形成影响因素分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象, 2015, 9(1):1-5.
[33] STONE E C. The Ecological Importance of Dew[J]. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1963, 38(4):14.
[34] KIDRON G J, YAIR A, DANIN A. Dew variability within a small arid drainage basin in the Negev Highlands, Israel[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2000, 126(562):63-80.
[35]方静.凝结水的生态水文效应研究进展[J].中国沙漠, 2013, 33(2):583-589.
[36]曹文炳,万力,周训,等.西北地区沙丘凝结水形成机制及对生态环境影响初步探讨[J].水文地质工程地质, 2003, 30(2):6-10.
[37] GUTTERMAN Y, SHEM-TOV S. Mucilaginous seed coat structure ofCarrichtera annuaandAnastatica hierochuntica from the Negev Desert highlands of Israel, and its adhesion to the soil crust[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1997, 35(4):695-705.
[38] ZHUANG Yanli, ZHAO Wenzhi. The ecological role of dew in assisting seed germination of the annual desert plant species in a desert environment, northwestern china[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2016, 8(2):264-271.
[39]王恒方,周耀治,秦璐,等.凝结水对盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)叶绿素荧光参数及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱区研究, 2017, 34(5):1 124-1 132.
[40]肖辉杰,张锋,贾瑞燕.凝结水研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学, 2015, 13(2):126-130.
[2]张兴鲁.干旱地区沙丘水汽凝结及其意义[J].水文地质工程地质, 1986(6):39-42.
[3]陈荷生,康跃虎.沙坡头地区凝结水及其在生态环境中的意义[J].干旱区资源与环境,1992(2):63-72.
[4] JACOBS AFG,BOXEL H V J, NIEVEEN J. Nighttime exchange processes near the soil surface of a maize canopy[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1996, 82(1/4):155-169.
[5] GOOSSENS D, OFFER Z Y. Comparisons of daytime and nighttime dust accumulation in a desert region[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1995, 31(3):253-281.
[6] MENGEL K, KIRKBY E A, KOSEGARTEN H, et al. Plant water relationships[M]//Principles of Plant Nutrition. Dordrecht:Springer, 2001:181-242.
[7]郭占荣,韩双平.西北干旱地区凝结水试验研究[J].水科学进展, 2002, 13(5):623-628.
[8]方静,丁永建.荒漠绿洲边缘凝结水量及其影响因子[J].冰川冻土, 2005, 27(5):755-760.
[9]郭斌,陈亚宁,郝兴明,等.不同下垫面土壤凝结水特征及其影响因素[J].自然资源学报, 2011,26(11):1 963-1 974.
[10]陈荣毅.古尔班通古特沙漠表层土壤凝结水水汽来源特征分析[J].中国沙漠, 2012, 32(4):985-989.
[11]尹瑞平,吴永胜,张欣,等.毛乌素沙地南缘沙丘生物结皮对凝结水形成和蒸发的影响[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(19):6 173-6 180.
[12]刘新平,何玉惠,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地不同生境土壤凝结水的试验研究[J].应用生态学报, 2009, 20(8):1 918-1 924.
[13]佳依山,多立安,郑志荣,等.呼伦贝尔典型草原三种植物群落土壤凝结水比较[J].水土保持通报, 2016, 36(3):114-119.
[14]方静,丁永建.干旱荒漠区沙土凝结水与微气象因子关系[J].中国沙漠, 2015, 35(5):1 200-1 205.
[15]阎百兴,王毅勇,徐治国,等.三江平原沼泽生态系统中露水凝结研究[J].湿地科学, 2004, 2(2):94-99.
[16] KIDRON G J. Altitude dependent dew and fog in the negev desert, israel[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1999, 96(1):1-8.
[17] JACOBS A F G, VAN PUL A, ELKILANI R M M. Dew formation and the drying process within a maize canopy[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1994,69(4):367-378.
[18] TAKENAKA N, SODA H, SATO K, et al. Difference in amounts and composition of dew from different types of dew collectors[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003, 147(1/4):51-60.
[19]杨路明,秦树高,刘振,等.毛乌素沙地不同下垫面地表凝结水形成过程[J].北京林业大学学报, 2016, 38(2):90-95.
[20]侯新伟,张发旺,崔晓梅,等.毛乌素沙地东南缘土壤凝结水的形成规律[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2010, 24(8):36-41.
[21] KIDRON G J. Analysis of dew precipitation in three habitats within a small arid drainage basin, Negev Highlands, Israel[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2000,55(3):257-270.
[22] JACOBS A F G, HEUSINKVELD B G, BERKOWICZ S M. Dew Deposition in a Desert System:A Simple Simulation Model[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1999, 42(3):211-222.
[23] BEYSENS D, MUSELLI M, NIKOLAYEV V, et al. Measurement and modelling of dew in island, coastal and alpine areas[J]. Atmospheric Research,2005, 73(1/2):1-22.
[24]孙自永,余绍文,周爱国,等.新疆罗布泊地区凝结水试验[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(2):91-96.
[25] LEKOUCH I, MUSELLI M, KABBACHI B. Dew, fog, and rain as supplementary sources of water in south-western morocco[J]. Energy, 2011, 36(4):2257-2 265.
[26]张静,张元明,周晓兵,等.生物结皮影响下沙漠土壤表面凝结水的形成与变化特征[J].生态学报,2009, 29(12):6 600-6 608.
[27]余绍文,孙自永,周爱国,等.黑河中游临泽地区夏季露水的生成[J].干旱区研究,2011, 28(3):471-477.
[28]郭晓楠,查天山,贾昕,等.典型沙生灌木生态系统凝结水量估算[J].北京林业大学学报,2016, 38(10):80-87.
[29]方静,丁永建.干旱荒漠区沙土凝结水与微气象因子关系[J].中国沙漠, 2015, 35(5):1 200-1 205.
[30]李玉灵,朱帆,张国盛,等,毛乌素沙地凝结水动态变化及其影响因子的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2008, 22(8):61-66.
[31]郭斌,李卫红,郝兴明,等.极端干旱区不同下垫面土壤凝结水试验研究[J].地理科学进展, 2012, 31(9):1 171-1 179.
[32]陈荣毅,魏文寿,王敏仲.古尔班通古特沙漠地表土壤凝结水形成影响因素分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象, 2015, 9(1):1-5.
[33] STONE E C. The Ecological Importance of Dew[J]. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1963, 38(4):14.
[34] KIDRON G J, YAIR A, DANIN A. Dew variability within a small arid drainage basin in the Negev Highlands, Israel[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2000, 126(562):63-80.
[35]方静.凝结水的生态水文效应研究进展[J].中国沙漠, 2013, 33(2):583-589.
[36]曹文炳,万力,周训,等.西北地区沙丘凝结水形成机制及对生态环境影响初步探讨[J].水文地质工程地质, 2003, 30(2):6-10.
[37] GUTTERMAN Y, SHEM-TOV S. Mucilaginous seed coat structure ofCarrichtera annuaandAnastatica hierochuntica from the Negev Desert highlands of Israel, and its adhesion to the soil crust[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1997, 35(4):695-705.
[38] ZHUANG Yanli, ZHAO Wenzhi. The ecological role of dew in assisting seed germination of the annual desert plant species in a desert environment, northwestern china[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2016, 8(2):264-271.
[39]王恒方,周耀治,秦璐,等.凝结水对盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)叶绿素荧光参数及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱区研究, 2017, 34(5):1 124-1 132.
[40]肖辉杰,张锋,贾瑞燕.凝结水研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学, 2015, 13(2):126-130.