山西浊漳河北源湿地草本植物群落优势种生态位与种间关系
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摘要
以山西浊漳河北源湿地草本植物群落调查为基础,通过生态位指数测度、方差比率法、χ2检验、联结系数AC、Pearson相关系数检验对16个优势种群进行了生态位和种间关联的分析。结果表明,1)藨草(Scirpus triqueter)、头穗莎草(Cyperus glomeratus)、水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)的生态位宽度值相对较大,在研究区域内具有泛化种倾向;2)120个种对间的生态位重叠指数低,55%的种对之间不存在重叠,种间竞争弱;3)群落内植物整体关联度为显著负相关(P<0.05),χ2检验与Pearson相关系数检验的正负关联比(分别为0.52和0.15)均小于1,负关联的种对数多于正关联,且大多数种间关联程度不显著(P>0.05),说明浊漳河北源湿地草本植物群落结构简单,物种间相互作用较弱,处于演替初期阶段;4)物种间的生态位重叠指数与联结系数AC、Pearson相关系数存在着显著的正相关关系(P<0.05),且Pearson相关系数的拟合效果优于AC联结系数。本研究有利于更好地认识优势种种间的相互关系及群落的动态特征,了解浊漳河北源湿地利用现状,为湿地生态恢复提供理论依据。
Based on sample investigations of wetland herb communities in the northern branch of the Zhuozhang River Watershed,we analyzed interspecies relationships and niche characteristics for 16 main species. Important findings were as follows: 1) Scirpus triqueter,Polygonum hydropiper,and Cyperus glomeratus showed tendencies of generalized species such as the largest niche breadth among dominant species; 2) a niche overlap of 55% was observed in 0 of 120 species pairs,and lower niche overlap between species indicated weaker interspecific competition; 3) Overall association of phytocoenosium was significantly negative correlation at the 0. 05 level,the ratios of positive and negative associations inχ2-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were 0. 52 and 0. 15; therefore,the negative associations were more than the positive associations,and most interspecific associations were not significant,suggesting that wetland herb communities structure is simple,the interaction between species is weak,the communities are still under dynamic succession; 4)both association coefficients(AC) and Pearson correlation coefficients indicated niche overlap,with the fitting effect of Pearson correlation coefficient showing a stronger positive association than the AC. To provide a theoretical foundation for ecological restoration in the norther branch of the Zhuozhang River Watershed,this study integrated niche characteristics and interspecific associations to understand the dominant species,their interrelations,dynamic characteristics of the communities and current wetland utilization.
Based on sample investigations of wetland herb communities in the northern branch of the Zhuozhang River Watershed,we analyzed interspecies relationships and niche characteristics for 16 main species. Important findings were as follows: 1) Scirpus triqueter,Polygonum hydropiper,and Cyperus glomeratus showed tendencies of generalized species such as the largest niche breadth among dominant species; 2) a niche overlap of 55% was observed in 0 of 120 species pairs,and lower niche overlap between species indicated weaker interspecific competition; 3) Overall association of phytocoenosium was significantly negative correlation at the 0. 05 level,the ratios of positive and negative associations inχ2-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were 0. 52 and 0. 15; therefore,the negative associations were more than the positive associations,and most interspecific associations were not significant,suggesting that wetland herb communities structure is simple,the interaction between species is weak,the communities are still under dynamic succession; 4)both association coefficients(AC) and Pearson correlation coefficients indicated niche overlap,with the fitting effect of Pearson correlation coefficient showing a stronger positive association than the AC. To provide a theoretical foundation for ecological restoration in the norther branch of the Zhuozhang River Watershed,this study integrated niche characteristics and interspecific associations to understand the dominant species,their interrelations,dynamic characteristics of the communities and current wetland utilization.
引文
[1]毕润成.生态学.北京:科学出版社,2012.Bi R C.Ecology.Beijing:Science Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[2]张忠华,梁士楚,胡刚.桂林岩溶石山阴香群落主要种群生态位研究.林业科学研究,2009,22(1):63-68.Zhang Z H,Liang S C,Hu G.Niche characteristics of dominant populations in Cinnamomum burmannii community on Karst Hills of Guilin.Forest Research,2009,22(1):63-68.(in Chinese)
[3]陈旭,卜兆君,王升忠,李鸿凯,赵红艳.长白山哈泥泥炭地七种苔藓植物生态位.应用生态学报,2009,20(3):574-578.Chen X,Bu Z J,Wang S Z,Li H K,Zhao H Y.Niches of seven bryophyte species in Hanipeatland of Changbai Mountains.Hinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(3):574-578.(in Chinese)
[4]史作民,刘世荣,程瑞梅,蒋有绪.宝天曼落叶阔叶林种间联结性研究.林业科学,2001,37(2):29-35.Shi Z M,Liu S R,Cheng R M,Jiang Y X.Interspecific association of plant populations in deciduous broad-leaved forest in Baotianman.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2001,37(2):29-35.(in Chinese)
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[8]张燕,魏祎梅,魏茂宏,李琳.甘肃黄河三峡湿地资源调查.草业科学,2016,33(8):1509-1517.Zhang Y,Wei Y M,Wei M H,Li L.There sources survey report on the Gansu Yellow River Three Gorges Wetland Natural Protection Area.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(8):1509-1517.(in Chinese)
[9]任国华,邓斌,后源.黄河源区沼泽湿地退化过程中植物群落特征的变化.草业科学,2015,32(8):1222-1229.Ren G H,Deng B,Hou Y.Changes of community characteristics in the degradation process of the alpine swamp wetland in the Yellow River Source Area.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(8):1222-1229.(in Chinese)
[10]阿衣帕热·帕尔哈提,赵晓英,海鹰,王姣,董正武.新疆柴窝堡湖湿地的植物群落组成及其类型.草业科学,2015,32(4):531-538.Aypari·Parhat,Zhao X Y,Hai Y,Wang J,Dong Z W.Plant community and floristic composition of Chaiwopu Lake Wetland in Xinjiang,China.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(4):531-538.(in Chinese)
[11]段秀华.山西省浊漳河流域水资源合理配置研究.山西:太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.Duan X H.Study on water resources reasonable disposition of Zhuozhang River in Shanxi Province.Master Thesis.Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
[12]朱宗泽,郝成元,郝园园.浊漳河流域地表水环境影响因素及防治对策.水土保持研究,2012,19(2):236-239.Zhu Z Z,Hao C Y,Hao Y Y.Influencing factors of surface water environment and corresponding controlling countermeasures in Zhuozhang River Basin.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(2):236-239.
[13]侯沁文.浊漳河北源河道沉积物中6种重金属污染特征与源解析.长治学院学报,2017,34(2):17-21.Hou Q W.Characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in the channel sediment of the Northern Source,Zhuozhang River.Journal of Changzhi University,2017,34(2):17-21.(in Chinese)
[14]王烨,金山,秦晓娟,秦浩,张峰.浊漳河干流湿地草本植物群落优势种种间关系及功能群划分.生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2109-2114.Wang H,Jin S,Qin X J,Qin H,Zhang F.Interspecific relationships of dominant species and plant functional groups of wetland herb communities in Zhuozhang River watershed,Shanxi.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(8):2109-2114.(in Chinese)
[15]金山,铁军,张桂萍,刘瑞祥,秦永燕,茹文明.浊漳河流域南源湿地植物生物多样性研究.山西大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(3):1-7.Jin S,Tie J,Zhang G P,Liu R X,Qin Y Y,Ru W M.Species diversity of wetland plant communities in the south branch of Zhuozhang River watershed,Shanxi.Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition),2016,39(3):1-7.(in Chinese)
[16]茹文明,金山,铁军,张桂萍.浊漳河湿地维管植物区系分析.长治学院学报,2010,27(5):1-4.Ru W M,Jin S,Tie J,Zhang G P.An analysis of vascular plants flora in Zhuozhang River wetland.Journal of Changzhi University,2010,27(5):1-4.(in Chinese)
[17]Feinsinger P,Spears E F.A simple measure of niche breadth.Ecology,1981,62:27-32.
[18]Pianka E R.The structure of lizard communities.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1973,4:53-74.
[19]张伟,何俊皓,郝文芳.黄土丘陵区不同管理方式下草地优势种群的生态位.草业科学,2016,33(7):1391-1402.Zhang W,He J H,Hao W F.Niche characteristics of dominant plant populations in grassland of loess hilly region of China with different management styles.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(7):1391-1402.(in Chinese)
[20]Schluter R D.A variance test for detecting species associations,with some example applications.Ecology,1984,65(3):998-1005.
[21]张金屯.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社,2011.Zhang J T.Quantitative Ecology.Beijing:Science Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[22]王乃江,张文辉,陆元昌,范少辉,王勇.陕西子午岭森林植物群落种间联结性.生态学报,2010,30(14):67-78.Wang N J,Zhang W H,Lu Y C,Fan S H,Wang Y.Interspecific association among the plants communities in the forest at Ziwuling Area in Shaanxi Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(14):67-78.(in Chinese)
[23]徐治国,何岩,闫百兴,宋长春.三江平原典型沼泽湿地植物种群的生态位.应用生态学报,2007,18(4):783-787.Xu Z G,He Y,Yan B X,Song C C.Niche characteristics of typical marsh wetland plant populations in Sanjiang Plain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(4):783-787.(in Chinese)
[24]胡正华,钱海源,于明坚.古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位.生态学报,2009,29(7):3670-3677.Hu Z H,Qian H Y,Yu M J.The niche of dominant species populations in Castanopsis eyrei forest in Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(7):3670-3677.(in Chinese)
[25]闫美芳,上官铁梁,张金屯,曹杨,聂二宝.五台山蓝花棘豆群落优势种群生态位研究.草业学报,2006,15(2):60-67.Yan M F,Shangguan T L,Zhang J T,Cao Y,She E B.Niche characteristics of dominant species from Oxytropis coerulea communities in mount Wutai,Shanxi.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2006,15(2):60-67.(in Chinese)
[26]李明,蒋德明,押田敏雄,周全来,骆永明.科尔沁沙地人工固沙群落草本植物种群生态位特征.草业科学,2009,26(8):10-16.Li M,Jiang D M,Oshida T,Zhou Q L,Luo Y M.Niche characteristic of herbages in artificial sand-fixing communities in Horqin sandy land.Pratacultural Science,2009,26(8):10-16.(in Chinese)
[27]李建民,谢芳,陈存及,张思玉,肖日红,赵大洲.光皮桦天然林群落优势种群的种间联结性研究.应用生态学报,2001,12(2):168-170.Li J M,Xie F,Chen C J,Zhang S Y,Xiao R H,Zhao D Z.Interspecific association of dominant species in Betula uminifera natural forest communities of Shaowu,Fujian Province.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(2):168-170.(in Chinese)
[28]王合玲,吕光辉,杨晓东.新疆艾比湖湿地主要植物的种间关联分析.生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2713-2718.Wang H L,Lyu G H,Yang X D.Interspecific associations of main plants in Ebinur Lake wetland of Xinjiang,northwest China.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2713-2718.(in Chinese)
[29]李秋玲,范庆安,马晓勇,高昆,张峰.山西黄河湿地植被优势种群种间关系.生态学报,2007,26(10):1516-1520.Li Q L,Fan Q A,Ma X Y,Gao K,Zhang F.Interspecific relationships among the dominants of wetland vegetation in Shanxi section of Yellow River.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,26(10):1516-1520.(in Chinese)
[2]张忠华,梁士楚,胡刚.桂林岩溶石山阴香群落主要种群生态位研究.林业科学研究,2009,22(1):63-68.Zhang Z H,Liang S C,Hu G.Niche characteristics of dominant populations in Cinnamomum burmannii community on Karst Hills of Guilin.Forest Research,2009,22(1):63-68.(in Chinese)
[3]陈旭,卜兆君,王升忠,李鸿凯,赵红艳.长白山哈泥泥炭地七种苔藓植物生态位.应用生态学报,2009,20(3):574-578.Chen X,Bu Z J,Wang S Z,Li H K,Zhao H Y.Niches of seven bryophyte species in Hanipeatland of Changbai Mountains.Hinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(3):574-578.(in Chinese)
[4]史作民,刘世荣,程瑞梅,蒋有绪.宝天曼落叶阔叶林种间联结性研究.林业科学,2001,37(2):29-35.Shi Z M,Liu S R,Cheng R M,Jiang Y X.Interspecific association of plant populations in deciduous broad-leaved forest in Baotianman.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2001,37(2):29-35.(in Chinese)
[5]康冰,刘世荣,温远光,张跃进,姜在民,常建国.广西大青山南亚热带次生林演替过程的种群动态.植物生态学报,2006,30(6):931-940.Kang B,Liu S R,Wen Y G,Zhang Y J,Jiang Z M,Chang J G.Population dynamics during succession of secondary natural forest in Daqingshan,Guangxi,China.Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(6):931-940.(in Chinese)
[6]郭志华,卓正大,陈洁,吴梅凤.庐山常绿阔叶落叶阔叶混交林乔木种群种间联结性研究.植物生态学报,1997,21(5):424-432.Gu Z H,Zhuo Z D,Chen J,Wu M F.Interspecific association of trees in mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest in Lushan Mountain.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1997,21(5):424-432.(in Chinese)
[7]许金石,陈煜,王国勋,柴永福,王茂,刘晓,岳明.陕北桥山林区主要木本植物群落种间联结性.西北植物学报,2014,34(7):1467-1475.Xu S J,Chen Y,Wang G X,Chai Y F,Wang M,Liu X,Yue M.Interspecific association of dominant woody plant communities in Qiaoshan Forest Region,Shaanxi.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(7):1467-1475.(in Chinese)
[8]张燕,魏祎梅,魏茂宏,李琳.甘肃黄河三峡湿地资源调查.草业科学,2016,33(8):1509-1517.Zhang Y,Wei Y M,Wei M H,Li L.There sources survey report on the Gansu Yellow River Three Gorges Wetland Natural Protection Area.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(8):1509-1517.(in Chinese)
[9]任国华,邓斌,后源.黄河源区沼泽湿地退化过程中植物群落特征的变化.草业科学,2015,32(8):1222-1229.Ren G H,Deng B,Hou Y.Changes of community characteristics in the degradation process of the alpine swamp wetland in the Yellow River Source Area.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(8):1222-1229.(in Chinese)
[10]阿衣帕热·帕尔哈提,赵晓英,海鹰,王姣,董正武.新疆柴窝堡湖湿地的植物群落组成及其类型.草业科学,2015,32(4):531-538.Aypari·Parhat,Zhao X Y,Hai Y,Wang J,Dong Z W.Plant community and floristic composition of Chaiwopu Lake Wetland in Xinjiang,China.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(4):531-538.(in Chinese)
[11]段秀华.山西省浊漳河流域水资源合理配置研究.山西:太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.Duan X H.Study on water resources reasonable disposition of Zhuozhang River in Shanxi Province.Master Thesis.Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
[12]朱宗泽,郝成元,郝园园.浊漳河流域地表水环境影响因素及防治对策.水土保持研究,2012,19(2):236-239.Zhu Z Z,Hao C Y,Hao Y Y.Influencing factors of surface water environment and corresponding controlling countermeasures in Zhuozhang River Basin.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(2):236-239.
[13]侯沁文.浊漳河北源河道沉积物中6种重金属污染特征与源解析.长治学院学报,2017,34(2):17-21.Hou Q W.Characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in the channel sediment of the Northern Source,Zhuozhang River.Journal of Changzhi University,2017,34(2):17-21.(in Chinese)
[14]王烨,金山,秦晓娟,秦浩,张峰.浊漳河干流湿地草本植物群落优势种种间关系及功能群划分.生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2109-2114.Wang H,Jin S,Qin X J,Qin H,Zhang F.Interspecific relationships of dominant species and plant functional groups of wetland herb communities in Zhuozhang River watershed,Shanxi.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(8):2109-2114.(in Chinese)
[15]金山,铁军,张桂萍,刘瑞祥,秦永燕,茹文明.浊漳河流域南源湿地植物生物多样性研究.山西大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(3):1-7.Jin S,Tie J,Zhang G P,Liu R X,Qin Y Y,Ru W M.Species diversity of wetland plant communities in the south branch of Zhuozhang River watershed,Shanxi.Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition),2016,39(3):1-7.(in Chinese)
[16]茹文明,金山,铁军,张桂萍.浊漳河湿地维管植物区系分析.长治学院学报,2010,27(5):1-4.Ru W M,Jin S,Tie J,Zhang G P.An analysis of vascular plants flora in Zhuozhang River wetland.Journal of Changzhi University,2010,27(5):1-4.(in Chinese)
[17]Feinsinger P,Spears E F.A simple measure of niche breadth.Ecology,1981,62:27-32.
[18]Pianka E R.The structure of lizard communities.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1973,4:53-74.
[19]张伟,何俊皓,郝文芳.黄土丘陵区不同管理方式下草地优势种群的生态位.草业科学,2016,33(7):1391-1402.Zhang W,He J H,Hao W F.Niche characteristics of dominant plant populations in grassland of loess hilly region of China with different management styles.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(7):1391-1402.(in Chinese)
[20]Schluter R D.A variance test for detecting species associations,with some example applications.Ecology,1984,65(3):998-1005.
[21]张金屯.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社,2011.Zhang J T.Quantitative Ecology.Beijing:Science Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[22]王乃江,张文辉,陆元昌,范少辉,王勇.陕西子午岭森林植物群落种间联结性.生态学报,2010,30(14):67-78.Wang N J,Zhang W H,Lu Y C,Fan S H,Wang Y.Interspecific association among the plants communities in the forest at Ziwuling Area in Shaanxi Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(14):67-78.(in Chinese)
[23]徐治国,何岩,闫百兴,宋长春.三江平原典型沼泽湿地植物种群的生态位.应用生态学报,2007,18(4):783-787.Xu Z G,He Y,Yan B X,Song C C.Niche characteristics of typical marsh wetland plant populations in Sanjiang Plain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(4):783-787.(in Chinese)
[24]胡正华,钱海源,于明坚.古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位.生态学报,2009,29(7):3670-3677.Hu Z H,Qian H Y,Yu M J.The niche of dominant species populations in Castanopsis eyrei forest in Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(7):3670-3677.(in Chinese)
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