生物炭对干旱胁迫下蓝盆花生长及根际土壤真菌丰度的影响
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摘要
以蓝盆花为试材,在土壤中分别施入浓度为0、10、20、30、40 g·kg~(-1)的玉米秸秆生物炭,研究了玉米秸秆生物炭施用对干旱胁迫下蓝盆花生长及根际土壤真菌丰度的影响,以期为利用生物炭缓解干旱胁迫对园林植物的生长提供科学依据。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,T2处理下蓝盆花的株高、茎粗、根数和根鲜质量均显著高于CK,其中在处理20 d后,分别比对照高26.23%、17.79%、26.67%和13.93%,T1和T3处理下蓝盆花的株高、茎粗、根数与对照差异不显著,T4处理下蓝盆花的各形态指标均显著低于对照。生物炭处理后还提高了干旱胁迫下土壤真菌丰度,随着生物炭含量的升高,土壤中子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门,以及子囊菌门未分类或未识别科、毛壳菌科、小子囊菌科、毛球壳科、丛赤壳科、小疱毛科、假球壳科以及担子菌门蘑菇科、接合菌门被孢霉科和半知菌亚门掷孢酵母科,所占群落比例均呈抛物线状变化,T2处理下,上述真菌在门和科分类水平所占群落的比例最大。在干旱胁迫下子囊菌门小子囊菌科、毛壳菌科、毛球壳科、接合菌门被孢霉科在促进蓝盆花生长方面的作用较为显著。土壤中施入浓度为20 g·kg~(-1)生物炭最能缓解干旱胁迫对蓝盆花生长产生的影响。
Blue potted flowers was used as experimental.The corn stalk biochar was applied to the soil by 0,10,20,30,40 g·kg~(-1).The effects of the corn stalk biochar on the growth of blue potted flower and fungal abundance in the rhizosphere soil were studied,in order to provide some scientific basis for garden plant to use biochar relieving drougt stress.The results showed that with the increase of drought stress,plant height,stem diameter,root coefficient and root weight of T2 were significantly higher than those of CK,after 20 days of treatment,which were 26.23%,17.79%,26.67% and 13.93% higher than those of CK.The morphological indexes of blue potted flowers under T1 and T3 treatments were not significant with CK.Under T4 treatment,the plant height,stem diameter,root coefficient and root weight of blue potted flowers were significantly lower than those of CK.At the same time,biochar treatment of soil increased the abundance of soil fungi under drought stress.With the increase of biochar content,in the classification of soil,the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota,Chytridiomycotaand Glomeromycota,as well as the classification of the genus Ascomycete,unclassified or unidentified,Chaetomiaceae,Microascaceae,Lasiosphaeriaceae,Nectriaceae,Herpotrichiellaceae,Pleosporaceae,Agaricaceae,Mortierellaceae and Sporormiaceae,the proportion of the community of the genus Basidaceae,which have a parabolic change.Under drought stress,the role of Ascomycetes,Capreolaceae,Trichosanthes,and Mycobacterium sphaeroides in promoting the growth of blue potted flowers was significant.The effect of drought stress on the growth of blue potted peanut was most alleviated by applying 20 g·kg~(-1) biochar in soil.
Blue potted flowers was used as experimental.The corn stalk biochar was applied to the soil by 0,10,20,30,40 g·kg~(-1).The effects of the corn stalk biochar on the growth of blue potted flower and fungal abundance in the rhizosphere soil were studied,in order to provide some scientific basis for garden plant to use biochar relieving drougt stress.The results showed that with the increase of drought stress,plant height,stem diameter,root coefficient and root weight of T2 were significantly higher than those of CK,after 20 days of treatment,which were 26.23%,17.79%,26.67% and 13.93% higher than those of CK.The morphological indexes of blue potted flowers under T1 and T3 treatments were not significant with CK.Under T4 treatment,the plant height,stem diameter,root coefficient and root weight of blue potted flowers were significantly lower than those of CK.At the same time,biochar treatment of soil increased the abundance of soil fungi under drought stress.With the increase of biochar content,in the classification of soil,the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota,Chytridiomycotaand Glomeromycota,as well as the classification of the genus Ascomycete,unclassified or unidentified,Chaetomiaceae,Microascaceae,Lasiosphaeriaceae,Nectriaceae,Herpotrichiellaceae,Pleosporaceae,Agaricaceae,Mortierellaceae and Sporormiaceae,the proportion of the community of the genus Basidaceae,which have a parabolic change.Under drought stress,the role of Ascomycetes,Capreolaceae,Trichosanthes,and Mycobacterium sphaeroides in promoting the growth of blue potted flowers was significant.The effect of drought stress on the growth of blue potted peanut was most alleviated by applying 20 g·kg~(-1) biochar in soil.
引文
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[2] 段宝利.遮荫与外源脱落酸喷施对粗枝云杉(Picea asperata Mast.)不同种群抗旱性的影响[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(成都生物研究所),2006.
[3] 焦中夏.植物生长调节剂对胡枝子苗期抗旱性的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[4] 赵艳婷.荒漠植物根际细菌对植物抗逆性的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017.
[5] 王琚钢,峥嵘,白淑兰,等.外生菌根对干旱胁迫的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(6):1571-1576.
[6] 付春娜,张丽莉,黄越,等.生物炭与干旱对马铃薯初花期生长特性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(10):18-21.
[7] 安艳,姬强,赵世翔,等.生物质炭对果园土壤团聚体分布及保水性的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):293-300.
[8] BASSOA S,MIGUEZ F E,LAIRD D A,et al.Assessing potential of biochar for increasing water-holding capacity of sandy soils[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2013,5(2):132-143.
[9] 王文鹏,毛如志,陈建斌,等.种植方式对玉米不同生长期土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1293-1301.
[10] 刘纯,刘延坤,金光泽.小兴安岭6种森林类型土壤微生物量的季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):451-459.
[11] DUGAN E,VERHOEF A,ROBINSON S,et al.Biochar from sawdust,maize stover and charcoal:Impact on waterholding capacities (WHC) of three soils from Ghana[C].Brisbane:19th World Congress of Soil Science,Soil Solutions for A Changing World,Brisbane,2010:1-6.
[12] WANG H L,LINK D,HOU Z A,et al.Sorption of the herbicide terbuthylazine in two New Zealand forest soils amended with biosolids and biochars[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,10(2):283-289.
[13] BUSSCHER W J,NOVAK J M,EVANS D E,et al.Influence of pecan biochar on physical properties of a Norfolk loamy sand[J].Soil Sci,2010,175:10-14.
[14] 高海英,何绪生,耿增超,等.生物炭及炭基氮肥对土壤持水性能影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011(24):207-213.
[15] STEINER C,TEIXEIRA W G,LEHMANN J,et al.Long term effects of manure,charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil[J].Plant and Soil,2007,291(1/2):275-290.
[16] 王欣,尹带霞,张凤,等.生物炭对土壤肥力与环境质量的影响机制与风险解析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):248-257.
[17] JIN H.Characterization of microbial life colonizing biochar and biochar-amended soils[D].IThaca:Cornell University,2010.
[18] LEHMANN J,JOSEPH S.Biochar for environmental management:An introduction//Biochar for environmental management:Science andtechnology[M].London:Earth Scan,2009.
[19] 李明,胡云,黄修梅,等.生物炭对设施黄瓜根际土壤养分和菌群的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):275-281.
[20] 郭云忠.毛壳科Chaetomiaceae真菌多基因系统演化及分类鉴定研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[21] SMITH S E,SMITH F A.Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant nutrition and growth:New paradigms from cellular to ecosystem scales[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2011,62:227-250.
[22] 贺学礼,高露,赵丽莉.水分胁迫下丛枝菌根 AM 真菌对民勤绢蒿生长与抗旱性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(4):1029-1037.
[23] CURRAN H J,FISCHERS L,DRYERF L.The reaction kinetics of dimethyl ether.II:Low-temperature oxidation in flowreactors[J].International Journal of Chemical Kinetic,2000,32(12):741-759.