鄂尔多斯盆地海相烃源岩系发育特征与勘探新领域
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探已进入储量发现高峰期,围绕延长组烃源岩的石油资源和来自上古生界煤系地层的天然气资源基本探明。随着盆地油气勘探的深入,急需寻找新的油气勘探接替领域。研究认为,古老海相烃源岩发育2套:即中上奥陶统海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩系和中上元古界海相碎屑岩烃源岩系。中上奥陶统海相烃源岩在不同海域有不同的特征。中奥陶统海相烃源岩发育于盆地东部华北海台内盐坳周边,以泥灰岩为主,单层厚度薄,但层系多,有机质丰度差—中等,高成熟度,有规模生烃潜力,对奥陶系盐下自源气藏有重要贡献。上奥陶统海相烃源岩主要发育于盆地西部和南部"L"型秦祁海槽斜坡相带,以泥页岩、泥灰岩为主,有机质丰度中等,累计厚度大,在天环凹陷上达到高—过成熟生气阶段,分布范围有限,在盆地西缘逆冲带上盘处于成熟生油阶段,生烃潜力较大。而中上元古界海相泥岩烃源岩系在邻区为有效烃源岩,以泥板岩为主,厚度大,有机质丰度中等,高过成熟度。在盆地本部甘陕裂陷槽新钻井中也有部分揭示。围绕2套海相烃源岩系分布的奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩和中上元古界深层海相层系是未来天然气勘探的2个新领域,其中5个有利勘探区带天然气勘探潜力大,有望形成天然气勘探接替区带。
Oil and gas explorations in the Ordos Basin have already entered the peak period of reserves discovery.The reserves of oil resources in the source rocks of Yanchang Formation and natural gas resources in Upper Palaozoic coal measure strata have been basically ascertained.As the explorations of oil and gas in the basin progresses,it is a fairly urgent task to find new replacement exploration areas.According to the previous research results,the ancient marine source rocks are well developed in this region,including the Middle-Upper Ordovician marine carbonate source rock series and the Middle-Upper Proterozoic marine clastic source rock series.The Middle-Upper Ordovician marine source rocks exhibit different characteristics in different waters.The Middle-Upper Proterozoic marine source rocks are developed around the salt depression of Huabei Submarine Plateau in the eastern Basin,dominated by argillaceous limestones,with thin single layer and multiple series of strata.These source rocks have low-moderate abundance of organic matter and high maturity;moreover,they have large-scale hydrocarbon generation potential and make a great contribution to the Ordovician pre-salt self-source oil reserves.The Upper Ordovician marine source rocks are mainly developed in the L-shaped slope facies of the Qin-qi Trough in the western and southern Basin,dominated by shales and argillaceous limestones.These source rocks are characterized by moderate organic matter abundance and great cumulative thickness.They reached the high-postmature gas generation stage in Tianhuan Depression,with a limited distribution range.Additionally,these source rocks entered in a mature oil generation stage on the hanging side of the thrust belt along the western margin of the Basin,exhibiting great hydrocarbon generation potential.The Middle-Upper Proterozoic marine argillaceous source rocks are effective source rocks in the adjacent region,dominated by argillites and featured by moderate organic matter abundance and high postmaturity,which is also partly revealed in some new wells at the Gan-Shan Taphrogenic Trough in the Basin.The Ordovician marine carbonatites and the Middle-Upper Proterozoic deep marine strata in which the above-described two marine source rocks are extensively distributed are two new areas of natural gas exploration in the future,in which five favorable zones exhibit great exploration potentials and are expected to become the replacement zones of natural gas exploration.
Oil and gas explorations in the Ordos Basin have already entered the peak period of reserves discovery.The reserves of oil resources in the source rocks of Yanchang Formation and natural gas resources in Upper Palaozoic coal measure strata have been basically ascertained.As the explorations of oil and gas in the basin progresses,it is a fairly urgent task to find new replacement exploration areas.According to the previous research results,the ancient marine source rocks are well developed in this region,including the Middle-Upper Ordovician marine carbonate source rock series and the Middle-Upper Proterozoic marine clastic source rock series.The Middle-Upper Ordovician marine source rocks exhibit different characteristics in different waters.The Middle-Upper Proterozoic marine source rocks are developed around the salt depression of Huabei Submarine Plateau in the eastern Basin,dominated by argillaceous limestones,with thin single layer and multiple series of strata.These source rocks have low-moderate abundance of organic matter and high maturity;moreover,they have large-scale hydrocarbon generation potential and make a great contribution to the Ordovician pre-salt self-source oil reserves.The Upper Ordovician marine source rocks are mainly developed in the L-shaped slope facies of the Qin-qi Trough in the western and southern Basin,dominated by shales and argillaceous limestones.These source rocks are characterized by moderate organic matter abundance and great cumulative thickness.They reached the high-postmature gas generation stage in Tianhuan Depression,with a limited distribution range.Additionally,these source rocks entered in a mature oil generation stage on the hanging side of the thrust belt along the western margin of the Basin,exhibiting great hydrocarbon generation potential.The Middle-Upper Proterozoic marine argillaceous source rocks are effective source rocks in the adjacent region,dominated by argillites and featured by moderate organic matter abundance and high postmaturity,which is also partly revealed in some new wells at the Gan-Shan Taphrogenic Trough in the Basin.The Ordovician marine carbonatites and the Middle-Upper Proterozoic deep marine strata in which the above-described two marine source rocks are extensively distributed are two new areas of natural gas exploration in the future,in which five favorable zones exhibit great exploration potentials and are expected to become the replacement zones of natural gas exploration.
引文
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[10]杨华,付金华,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩天然气勘探领域[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):733-740.Yang Hua,Fu Jinhua,Wei Xinshan,et al.Natural gas exploration domains in Ordovician marine carbonates,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):733-740.
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[12]郭彦如,付金华,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩成藏特征与模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):393-403.Guo Yanru,Fu Jinhua,Wei Xinshan,et al.Natural gas accumulation and models in Ordovician carbonates,Ordos Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):393-403.
[13]金强,黄志,李维振,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系烃源岩发育模式和天然气生成潜力[J].地质学报,2013,87(3):393-402.Jin Qiang,Huang Zhi,Li Weizhen,et al.Sedimentary models of Ordovician source rocks in Ordos Basin and their hydrocarbon generation potential[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(3):393-402.
[14]张月巧,郭彦如,侯伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘中上奥陶统烃源岩特征及勘探潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(5):894-904.Zhang Yueqiao,Guo Yanru,Hou Wei,et al.Geochemical characteristics and exploration potential of the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks on the western and southern margin of Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(5):894-904.
[15]赵振宇,郭彦如,徐旺林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地3条油藏大剖面对风险勘探的意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(1):16-22.Zhao Zhenyu,Guo Yanru,Xu Wanglin,et al.Significance of three reservoir profiles for the risk exploration in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(1):16-22.
[16]翟明国.中国主要古陆与联合大陆的形成:综述与展望[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(10):1583-1606.Zhai Mingguo.The main old lands in China and assembly of Chinese unified continent[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,56(11):1829-1852.
[17]王杰,陈践发.华北中上元古界烃源岩沉积环境及生烃潜力研究[J].天然气地球科学,2001,12(3):27-33.Wang Jie,Chen Jianfa.The research of sedimentary environment and the hydrocarbon generation potential of hydrocarbon source rocks of Middle-Upper Proterozoic in North China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2001,12(3):27-33.
[18]党振荣,张锐锋.华北油田外围新区古生界、中上元古界原生油气藏勘探[J].勘探家,1998,3(4):17-20.Dang Zhenrong,Zhang Ruifeng.Protogenesis reservoir exploration of Palaeozoic,Middle-Upper Proterozoic in peripheral zone of Huabei Oilfield[J].Journal of Exploration,1998,3(4):17-20.
[19]陈启林,白云来,黄勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):82-94.Chen Qilin,Bai Yunlai,Huang Yong,et al.Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in Ordos Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supplement 2):82-94.
[20]郭彦如,赵振宇,付金华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪层序岩相古地理[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):95-109.Guo Yanru,Zhao Zhenyu,Fu Jinhua,et al.Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the Ordovician in Ordos Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supplement 2):95-109.
[21]张文正,杨华,李剑峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地烃源岩研究新进展[C]∥第十届全国有机地球化学学术会议论文集.无锡:中国石油学会,2005:81-84.Zhang Wenzhen,Yang Hua,Li Jianfeng,et al.Research progress of hydrocarbon source rock in Ordos Basin[C]∥The 10th national conference on organic geochemistry.Wuxi:China Petroleum society,2005:81-84.
[22]黄正良,刘燕,武春英,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组五段中组合中下段成藏特征[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(3):57-65.Huang Zhengliang,Liu Yan,Wu Chunying,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle and lower sections of m iddle assemblages of Lower Ordovician Majiagou Member-5,Ordos Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(3):57-65.
[23]郝哲敏,苏中堂,王玉萍.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系储层类型及其空间展布[J].中国矿业,2012,21(11):75-79.Hao Zhemin,Su Zhongtang,Wang Yuping.The reservoir types and space distribution in the Ordovician on the southwest margin of Ordos Basin[J].China Mining Magazine,2012,21(11):75-79.
[2]Cai Liguo,Liu Hefu.Evolution and structural styles of the Sichuan foreland[C]∥Xiao Xuchang,Liu Hefu.Proceeding of the30th International Geological Congress,Holland.VSP,1997,6:87-104.
[3]罗霞,李剑,胡国艺,等.鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤生、排油能力实验及其形成煤成油可能性探讨[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(1):76-80.Luo Xia,Li Jian,Hu Guoyi,et al.An experiment of generation and expulsion of oil from the Jurassic coals and its implication of coal generated oil in the Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(1):76-80.
[4]王居峰,赵文智,郭彦如,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组石油资源现状与勘探潜力分析[J].现代地质,2010,24(5):957-964.Wang Jufeng,Zhao Wenzhi,Guo Yanru,et al.Analyses of petroleum resources status and exploration potentialities,Yanchang Formation of Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Geoscience,2010,24(5):957-964.
[5]姚泾利,邓秀芹,赵彦德,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):150-158.Yao Jingli,Deng Xiuqin,Zhao Yande,et al.Characteristics of tight oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):150-158.
[6]丁敏,姚志刚,张狄杰.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7页岩油存在的可能性分析[J].石油化工应用,2011,30(12):59-63.Ding Min,Yao Zhigang,Zhang Dijie.Analysis of the existing possibility of shale oil in the Chang 7 of Erdos Basin[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2011,30(12):59-63.
[7]付金华,魏新善,任军峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探形势与发展前景[J].石油学报,2006,27(6):1-4.Fu Jinhua,Wei Xinshan,Ren Junfeng,et al.Natural gas exploration situation and development prospect of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(6):1-4.
[8]陈孟晋,汪泽成,郭彦如,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部晚古生代沉积特征与天然气勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):1-5.Chen Mengjin,Wang Zecheng,Guo Yanru,et al.Late Paleozoic sedimentary systems and gas potential in the south Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):1-5.
[9]付金华,郭少斌,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界山西组页岩气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2013,43(2):382-389.Fu Jinhua,Guo Shaobin,Liu Xinshe,et al.Shale gas accumulation condition and exploration potential of the Upper Paleozoic Shanxi Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2013,43(2):382-389.
[10]杨华,付金华,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩天然气勘探领域[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):733-740.Yang Hua,Fu Jinhua,Wei Xinshan,et al.Natural gas exploration domains in Ordovician marine carbonates,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):733-740.
[11]杨华,包洪平.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系中组合成藏特征及勘探启示[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):11-20.Yang Hua,Bao Hongping.The revelation of accumulation characteristics and exploration in the Middle combination of Ordovician in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):10-20.
[12]郭彦如,付金华,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩成藏特征与模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):393-403.Guo Yanru,Fu Jinhua,Wei Xinshan,et al.Natural gas accumulation and models in Ordovician carbonates,Ordos Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):393-403.
[13]金强,黄志,李维振,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系烃源岩发育模式和天然气生成潜力[J].地质学报,2013,87(3):393-402.Jin Qiang,Huang Zhi,Li Weizhen,et al.Sedimentary models of Ordovician source rocks in Ordos Basin and their hydrocarbon generation potential[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(3):393-402.
[14]张月巧,郭彦如,侯伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘中上奥陶统烃源岩特征及勘探潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(5):894-904.Zhang Yueqiao,Guo Yanru,Hou Wei,et al.Geochemical characteristics and exploration potential of the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks on the western and southern margin of Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(5):894-904.
[15]赵振宇,郭彦如,徐旺林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地3条油藏大剖面对风险勘探的意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(1):16-22.Zhao Zhenyu,Guo Yanru,Xu Wanglin,et al.Significance of three reservoir profiles for the risk exploration in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(1):16-22.
[16]翟明国.中国主要古陆与联合大陆的形成:综述与展望[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(10):1583-1606.Zhai Mingguo.The main old lands in China and assembly of Chinese unified continent[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,56(11):1829-1852.
[17]王杰,陈践发.华北中上元古界烃源岩沉积环境及生烃潜力研究[J].天然气地球科学,2001,12(3):27-33.Wang Jie,Chen Jianfa.The research of sedimentary environment and the hydrocarbon generation potential of hydrocarbon source rocks of Middle-Upper Proterozoic in North China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2001,12(3):27-33.
[18]党振荣,张锐锋.华北油田外围新区古生界、中上元古界原生油气藏勘探[J].勘探家,1998,3(4):17-20.Dang Zhenrong,Zhang Ruifeng.Protogenesis reservoir exploration of Palaeozoic,Middle-Upper Proterozoic in peripheral zone of Huabei Oilfield[J].Journal of Exploration,1998,3(4):17-20.
[19]陈启林,白云来,黄勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):82-94.Chen Qilin,Bai Yunlai,Huang Yong,et al.Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in Ordos Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supplement 2):82-94.
[20]郭彦如,赵振宇,付金华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪层序岩相古地理[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):95-109.Guo Yanru,Zhao Zhenyu,Fu Jinhua,et al.Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the Ordovician in Ordos Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supplement 2):95-109.
[21]张文正,杨华,李剑峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地烃源岩研究新进展[C]∥第十届全国有机地球化学学术会议论文集.无锡:中国石油学会,2005:81-84.Zhang Wenzhen,Yang Hua,Li Jianfeng,et al.Research progress of hydrocarbon source rock in Ordos Basin[C]∥The 10th national conference on organic geochemistry.Wuxi:China Petroleum society,2005:81-84.
[22]黄正良,刘燕,武春英,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组五段中组合中下段成藏特征[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(3):57-65.Huang Zhengliang,Liu Yan,Wu Chunying,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle and lower sections of m iddle assemblages of Lower Ordovician Majiagou Member-5,Ordos Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(3):57-65.
[23]郝哲敏,苏中堂,王玉萍.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系储层类型及其空间展布[J].中国矿业,2012,21(11):75-79.Hao Zhemin,Su Zhongtang,Wang Yuping.The reservoir types and space distribution in the Ordovician on the southwest margin of Ordos Basin[J].China Mining Magazine,2012,21(11):75-79.