草地贪夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾的形态特征和生物学习性比较
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摘要
草地贪夜蛾入侵我国云南西部地区后,在田间与斜纹夜蛾混合发生。由于二者寄主种类、发生规律和形态特征十分相似,给调查和测报工作带来了很大的困难。对草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的形态特征观察发现,草地贪夜蛾卵块鳞毛较为疏松,且单块卵量明显少于斜纹夜蛾;草地贪夜蛾幼虫头部有白色Y纹,第8腹节具方形黑点,而斜纹夜蛾幼虫亚背线内侧各体节均有1对三角形黑色斑纹,且第1腹节和第8腹节较大;草地贪夜蛾蛹臀棘无倒钩或弯曲,而斜纹夜蛾臀棘末端有弯曲或倒钩;草地贪夜蛾成虫体型小于斜纹夜蛾,其雄蛾前翅环形纹黄褐色、肾形纹灰褐色、剑状纹不明显、顶角具较大的白色块斑,而斜纹夜蛾雄虫前翅环形纹白色、外横线与亚缘线间具泛紫色斑纹、剑状纹明显。和斜纹夜蛾相比,草地贪夜蛾大龄幼虫具有明显的自残习性。除此之外,两种害虫的迁飞、交配、繁殖等生物学习性有较高的相似度。本文的研究结果为草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾田间卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫密度监控工作提供了技术支持。
After fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, invaded the western region of Yunnan province in China,its occurrence usually mixed with the related species common cutworm(CCW), Spodoptera litura. Because the host species, occurring regularity and morphological characteristics of the two species are very similar, it brings great difficulties to population monitoring and forecasting works. Our observations on morphological characteristics of FAW and CCW showed that the surface scales of FAW egg mass is looser and the number of single egg mass was significantly less than that of CCW. The larvae of FAW were typically characterized by a white "Y" pattern on the head and a square black spot on the 8~(th) abdominal segment, however, the typical feature of CCW larvae was a pair of triangular black markings on the inner side of the sub-back line and the markings on 1~(st) and 8~(th) abdominal segment were larger. FAW pupa had 2 cremasters at the 10~(th) abdominal segment, with no barbs or bends, but the cremasters of CCW pupa were bent or barbed.The body size of FAW moth was smaller than CCW moth. FAW male moth had yellow-brown ring pattern, taupe kidneyshaped pattern, a large white patch on the protogonia, and the sword-like pattern was not obvious; CCW male moth had white ringworm pattern, a purple-purple marking between the outer horizontal line and sub-edge line, obvious sword-like pattern and brown-yellow markings near the trailing edge. Compared with CCW, the elder larvae of FAW had obvious cannibalism behavior, but the biological habits of migration, mating and reproduction of the two pests were similar. The results of this study provided a technical support for monitoring and forecasting population density of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of FAW and CCW in the field.
After fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, invaded the western region of Yunnan province in China,its occurrence usually mixed with the related species common cutworm(CCW), Spodoptera litura. Because the host species, occurring regularity and morphological characteristics of the two species are very similar, it brings great difficulties to population monitoring and forecasting works. Our observations on morphological characteristics of FAW and CCW showed that the surface scales of FAW egg mass is looser and the number of single egg mass was significantly less than that of CCW. The larvae of FAW were typically characterized by a white "Y" pattern on the head and a square black spot on the 8~(th) abdominal segment, however, the typical feature of CCW larvae was a pair of triangular black markings on the inner side of the sub-back line and the markings on 1~(st) and 8~(th) abdominal segment were larger. FAW pupa had 2 cremasters at the 10~(th) abdominal segment, with no barbs or bends, but the cremasters of CCW pupa were bent or barbed.The body size of FAW moth was smaller than CCW moth. FAW male moth had yellow-brown ring pattern, taupe kidneyshaped pattern, a large white patch on the protogonia, and the sword-like pattern was not obvious; CCW male moth had white ringworm pattern, a purple-purple marking between the outer horizontal line and sub-edge line, obvious sword-like pattern and brown-yellow markings near the trailing edge. Compared with CCW, the elder larvae of FAW had obvious cannibalism behavior, but the biological habits of migration, mating and reproduction of the two pests were similar. The results of this study provided a technical support for monitoring and forecasting population density of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of FAW and CCW in the field.
引文
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[18]姜玉英,刘杰,朱晓明.草地贪夜蛾侵入我国的发生动态和未来趋势分析[J].中国植保导刊,2019,39(2):33-35.
[19]张磊,靳明辉,张丹丹,等.入侵云南草地贪夜蛾的分子鉴定[J].植物保护,2019,45(2):19-24.
[20]吴秋琳,姜玉英,吴孔明.草地贪夜蛾缅甸虫源迁入中国的路径分析[J].植物保护,2019,45(2):1-6.
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[22]秦厚国,汪笃栋,丁建,等.斜纹夜蛾寄主植物名录[J].江西农业学报,2006,(5):51-58.
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[27]秦厚国,叶正襄.斜纹夜蛾灾变规律与控制[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
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[29]武怀恒,黄民松,雷朝亮,等.斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)在我国的时空分布概述[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(9):142-144.
[30]张志豪,王占娣.玉溪市斜纹夜蛾发生规律及绿色防治技术[J].现代农业科技,2018,(22):106-107.
[31]李卫,邹万君,王立宏.昆明地区斜纹夜蛾生物学特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2006,(1):85-89.
[32]陈一心.中国经济昆虫志,夜蛾科[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[33]石宝才,路虹,宫亚军,等.斜纹夜蛾的识别与防治[J].中国蔬菜,2009,1(19):18-19.
[34]秦厚国,叶正襄,丁建,等.温度对斜纹夜蛾发育、存活及繁殖的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(3):76-79.
[35]Kebede M.Out-break,distribution and management of fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith in Africa:The status and prospects[J].Academy of Agriculture Journal,2018,3(10):551-568.
[36]姚文辉.斜纹夜蛾的生物学特性[J].华东昆虫学报,2005:14(2):122-127.
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