不同施氮量对不同品种烤烟品质的影响
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摘要
施氮量直接影响烤后烟叶质量。为探讨不同施氮量对烤烟品质的影响,本试验以中烟100、K326和云烟87为试验品种,采用田间试验的方法,在施用相同磷钾肥的基础上,设置6个氮肥施用量处理(T1～T6),分别为0,37.5,60.0,82.5,105.0,127.5 kg·hm-2,测定不同处理烤后烟叶总氮、蛋白质、总糖、还原糖、烟碱、钾、氯7个化学成分含量,并对各处理卷烟进行感官质量评价。结果表明,与不施氮(T1)处理相比较,施氮处理烤后烟叶总氮、蛋白质、烟碱含量均显著升高(P<0.05),而总糖、还原糖和氯含量显著降低(P<0.05),钾含量除中烟100在T6处理显著降低(P<0.05)外其他均显著升高(P<0.05),总糖/蛋白质、总氮/烟碱、总糖/烟碱降低而钾/氯增加,卷烟感官质量评价得分均有所提升。随着施氮量的增加,烤后烟叶蛋白质和烟碱含量呈升高趋势,总糖和还原糖含量呈降低趋势;K326和云烟87总氮先升后降且T5处理最高,钾含量呈升高趋势,氯含量先降后升且T4处理最低,感官评价总得分先升后降且T4处理最高,而中烟100总氮含量呈升高趋势、钾含量先升后降且T5处理最高,氯含量先降后升且T5处理最低,感官评价总得分先升后降且T5处理最高。因此,不同烤烟品种最适施氮量不同,本试验在磷肥为135.0 kg·hm-2,钾肥为202.5 kg·hm-2前提下,K326和云烟87施氮量为82.5 kg·hm-2、中烟100施氮量为105.0 kg·hm-2时,烤后烟叶品质最佳。
Nitrogen application directly affects the tobacco quality. In order to discuss the effects of different N application on the quality of flue-cured tobacco, Zhongyan 100, K326 and Yunyan 87 were used as the materials, the experiment was conducted through field trial and set six levels of nitrogen fertilizer including 0(T1), 37.5(T2), 60.0(T3), 82.5(T4), 105.0(T5), 127.5(T6) kg·hm-2 basing on the same level of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer, the content of total nitrogen, total sugar, reducing sugar, protein, nicotine, potassium and chlorine in the post-baking leaves of the three varieties and the sensory quality was evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control(T1), the total nitrogen, protein, nicotine content were significantly increased(P<0.05) while the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and chlorine decreased significantly(P<0.05); the potassium content were significantly increased(P<0.05) except that Zhongyan 100 in T6 treatment was significantly decreased(P<0.05); total sugar/protein, total nitrogen/nicotine, total sugar/nicotine decreased while potassium/chlorine increased; the cigarette sensory quality evaluation scores were improved. With the increasing of the N fertilizer, the content of protein and nicotine in tobacco leaves increased while the total sugar and reducing sugar content decreased;in K326 and Yunyan 87, the total nitrogen increased first and then decreased and the T5 treatment was the maximum, the potassium content showed an increasing trend, the chlorine content decreased first and then increased and the T4 treatment was the minimum, the total sensory evaluation score increased first and then decreased and the T4 treatment was the maximum; in Zhongyan 100, the total nitrogen content showed an increasing trend, the potassium content increased first and then decreased and the T5 treatment was the maximum, the chlorine content decreased first and then increased and the T5 treatment was the minimum, the total sensory evaluation score increased first and then decreased and the T5 treatment was the maximum. Therefore, the optimum N fertilizer were various in different tobacco varieties, which the optimum N fertilizer was 82.5 kg·hm-2 for K326 and Yunyan 87 while 105.0 kg·hm-2 for Zhongyan 100 under the premise of consistent phosphate fertilizer(135 kg·hm-2)and potash fertilizer(202.5 kg·hm-2).
Nitrogen application directly affects the tobacco quality. In order to discuss the effects of different N application on the quality of flue-cured tobacco, Zhongyan 100, K326 and Yunyan 87 were used as the materials, the experiment was conducted through field trial and set six levels of nitrogen fertilizer including 0(T1), 37.5(T2), 60.0(T3), 82.5(T4), 105.0(T5), 127.5(T6) kg·hm-2 basing on the same level of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer, the content of total nitrogen, total sugar, reducing sugar, protein, nicotine, potassium and chlorine in the post-baking leaves of the three varieties and the sensory quality was evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control(T1), the total nitrogen, protein, nicotine content were significantly increased(P<0.05) while the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and chlorine decreased significantly(P<0.05); the potassium content were significantly increased(P<0.05) except that Zhongyan 100 in T6 treatment was significantly decreased(P<0.05); total sugar/protein, total nitrogen/nicotine, total sugar/nicotine decreased while potassium/chlorine increased; the cigarette sensory quality evaluation scores were improved. With the increasing of the N fertilizer, the content of protein and nicotine in tobacco leaves increased while the total sugar and reducing sugar content decreased;in K326 and Yunyan 87, the total nitrogen increased first and then decreased and the T5 treatment was the maximum, the potassium content showed an increasing trend, the chlorine content decreased first and then increased and the T4 treatment was the minimum, the total sensory evaluation score increased first and then decreased and the T4 treatment was the maximum; in Zhongyan 100, the total nitrogen content showed an increasing trend, the potassium content increased first and then decreased and the T5 treatment was the maximum, the chlorine content decreased first and then increased and the T5 treatment was the minimum, the total sensory evaluation score increased first and then decreased and the T5 treatment was the maximum. Therefore, the optimum N fertilizer were various in different tobacco varieties, which the optimum N fertilizer was 82.5 kg·hm-2 for K326 and Yunyan 87 while 105.0 kg·hm-2 for Zhongyan 100 under the premise of consistent phosphate fertilizer(135 kg·hm-2)and potash fertilizer(202.5 kg·hm-2).
引文
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[13]景登科.有机复合肥对烤烟产量和质量的影响试验[J].贵州农业科学,2008,36(2):112-113.
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[15]杜咏梅,郭承芳,张怀宝,等.水溶性糖、烟碱、总氮含量与烤烟吃味品质的关系研究[J].中国烟草科学,2000(1):7-10.
[16]韩锦峰,郭培国.氮素用量、形态、种类对烤烟生长发育及产量品质影响的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,1990,24(3):275-285.
[17]窦玉青,汤朝起,王平,等.北方烤烟钾氯含量及其与吸食品质的关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):86-92.
[18]PAUNESCU A D,PAUNESCU L,CARNICI M,等.氯对烟草某些质量和数量性状影响的研究[C]//孙希芳,译.2004年Coresta论文集,2005.
[19]郝春玲,艾复清,舒中兵,等.采收成熟度对红花大金元烤后烟叶钾含量、氯含量及钾氯比的影响[J].河南农业科学,2010(1):44-46.
[20]杜咏梅,郭承芳,张怀宝,等.水溶性糖、烟碱、总氮含量与烤烟吃味品质的关系研究[J].中国烟草科学,2000,21(1):7-10.
[2]曹志洪.优质烤烟的土壤与施肥[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1991.
[3]周晓,朱旭,阚宏伟,等.配施不同比例有机肥对烤烟光合作用及产质量的影响[J].广西农业科学,2009,40(5):517-520.
[4]赵宏伟,邹德堂,袁丽梅.氮素用量对烤烟生长发育及产质量影响的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,1997(5):16-19.
[5]李宏光,赵正雄,杨勇,等.施肥量对烟田土壤氮素供应及烟叶产质量的影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,32(4):37-42.
[6]安德艳,舒敏言,楼小华,等.不同施氮量对烤烟产质的影响[J].耕作与栽培,1998(2):47-49.
[7]邱标仁,周冀衡,郑开强,等.施氮量对烤烟产质量和烟碱含量的影响[J].烟草科技,2003(11):41-43.
[8]刘卫群,郭群召,汪庆昌,等.不同施氮水平对烤烟干物质、氮素积累分配及产质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2004(8):25-28.
[9]程向红,董顺德,王锐,等.豫中烟区烤烟化学成分分析[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(2):108-112.
[10]王鹏泽.河南烟叶质量风格定位及化学成分的关系研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.
[11]张新龙,卢彦华,孙强,等.山东烟叶的品种和化学成分与其感官质量的相关分析[J].郑州轻工业学院学报:自然科学版,2010,25(4):16-19.
[12]杨成翠,朱宣全,史普酉,等.不同磷肥施用量对烤烟产质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2019(3):97-101.
[13]景登科.有机复合肥对烤烟产量和质量的影响试验[J].贵州农业科学,2008,36(2):112-113.
[14]唐新莲,王丽萍,吕娇,等.配施不同比例花生麸肥对烤烟产质量的效应研究[J].广西农业科学,2010,41(6):577-580.
[15]杜咏梅,郭承芳,张怀宝,等.水溶性糖、烟碱、总氮含量与烤烟吃味品质的关系研究[J].中国烟草科学,2000(1):7-10.
[16]韩锦峰,郭培国.氮素用量、形态、种类对烤烟生长发育及产量品质影响的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,1990,24(3):275-285.
[17]窦玉青,汤朝起,王平,等.北方烤烟钾氯含量及其与吸食品质的关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):86-92.
[18]PAUNESCU A D,PAUNESCU L,CARNICI M,等.氯对烟草某些质量和数量性状影响的研究[C]//孙希芳,译.2004年Coresta论文集,2005.
[19]郝春玲,艾复清,舒中兵,等.采收成熟度对红花大金元烤后烟叶钾含量、氯含量及钾氯比的影响[J].河南农业科学,2010(1):44-46.
[20]杜咏梅,郭承芳,张怀宝,等.水溶性糖、烟碱、总氮含量与烤烟吃味品质的关系研究[J].中国烟草科学,2000,21(1):7-10.