PPKTP晶体相位匹配关系分析
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摘要
压缩态光场和纠缠态光场等非经典光场是进行量子信息研究的基本资源,其中压缩态光场在低于量子噪声极限的量子精密测量中有着重要应用,而纠缠态光场被广泛应用于量子隐形传态,量子计算等领域。利用由不同类型相位匹配的非线性晶体构成的光学参量振荡器是制备不同类型非经典光场的有效手段之一。文章通过分析Ⅱ类周期极化磷酸氧钛钾(periodically poled KTiOPO_4,PPKTP)的准相位匹配条件,发现在改变其抽运光及注入种子光偏振的情况下,利用一种晶体可以分别实现两种类型的相位匹配,从而可以制备两种不同类型的非经典光场。理论预测的结果与已得到的实验数据基本一致。
Non-classical optical states such as squeezed state and entanglement state are basic sources for quantum information researches.For instance,squeezed state plays an important role in quantum measurement below quantum noise limit,and has also been applied in quantum metrology,quantum sensing and quantum imaging.On the other hand,entangled state is widely used in regions of quantum network and quantum computation,such as quantum teleportation,quantum key distribution,quantum cryptography,quantum random number generator and quantum memory and so on.Hence,generation of non-classical optical states is of great importance for quantum optics researches and quantum optical techniques development.Optical parametric processing constructed by nonlinear crystals with different types of phase matching is one of the efficient methods for generating different types of non-classical optical states.After analyzing quasi-phase-matching relations of periodically poled KTiOPO_4(PPKTP),we discovered that a kind of PPKTP crystal could meet two types of phase-matching relations and creates two types of non-classical optical states when varying the polarizations of the pump and the seed light.The result in theoretical calculation is in agreement with the previous experimental demonstration.
Non-classical optical states such as squeezed state and entanglement state are basic sources for quantum information researches.For instance,squeezed state plays an important role in quantum measurement below quantum noise limit,and has also been applied in quantum metrology,quantum sensing and quantum imaging.On the other hand,entangled state is widely used in regions of quantum network and quantum computation,such as quantum teleportation,quantum key distribution,quantum cryptography,quantum random number generator and quantum memory and so on.Hence,generation of non-classical optical states is of great importance for quantum optics researches and quantum optical techniques development.Optical parametric processing constructed by nonlinear crystals with different types of phase matching is one of the efficient methods for generating different types of non-classical optical states.After analyzing quasi-phase-matching relations of periodically poled KTiOPO_4(PPKTP),we discovered that a kind of PPKTP crystal could meet two types of phase-matching relations and creates two types of non-classical optical states when varying the polarizations of the pump and the seed light.The result in theoretical calculation is in agreement with the previous experimental demonstration.
引文
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[31]陈力荣,李淑静,徐忠孝,等.光学腔内两正交偏振模振幅和相位的补偿[J].量子光学学报,2017,23:92-98.DOI:10.3788/JQO20172301.0013.
[32]Zheng Y H,Wu Z Q,Huo M R,et al.Generation of a Continuous-wave Squeezed Vacuum State at 1.3μm by Employing a Homemade All-solid-state Laser as Pump Source[J].Chin Phys B,2013,22:094206-4.DOI:10.1088/1674-1056/22/9/094206.
[33]邬志强,周海军,王雅君,等.利用自制的单频激光器获得近通讯波段正交振幅压缩态光场[J].量子光学学报,2013,19:1-5.DOI:10.3788/ASQO20131901.0001.
[34]马亚云,冯晋霞,万振菊,等.连续变量1.34μm量子纠缠态光场的实验制备[J].物理学报,2017,66:244205-6.DOI:10.7498/aps.66.244205.
[2]Dowling P J,Seshadreesan P K.Quantum Optical Technologies for Metrology,Sensing,and Imaging[J].J Lightwave Technol,2015,33:2359-2369.DOI:10.1109/JLT.2014.2386795.
[3]闫子华,孙恒信,蔡春晓,等,基于低频压缩光的声频信号测量[J].物理学报,2017,66:114205-6.DOI:10.7498/aps.66.114205.
[4]孙恒信,刘奎,张俊香,等,基于压缩光的量子精密测量[J].物理学报,2015,64:234210-11.DOI:10.7498/aps.64.234210.
[5]Madsen L S,Usenko V C,Lassen M,et al.Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Modulated Entangled States[J].Nat Commun,2012,3:1083-6.DOI:10.1038/ncomms2097.
[6]Furusawa A,Sorensen J L,Braunstein S L,et al.Unconditional Quantum Teleportation[J].Science,1998,282:706-709.DOI:10.1126/science.282.5389.706.
[7]Braunstein S L,Loock P van.Quantum Information with Continuous Variables[J].Rev Mod Phys,2005,77:513-577.DOI:10.1007/978-94-015-1258-9.
[8]Su X L,Hao S H,Deng X W,et al.Gate Sequence for Continuous Variable One-way Quantum Computation[J].Nat Commun,2013,4:3828-9.DOI:10.1038/ncomms3828.
[9]Ekert A K.Quantum Cryptography Based on Bell’s Theorem[J].Phys Rev Lett,1991,67:661-663.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.661.
[10]Lunghi T,Brask J B,Lim C C W,et al.Self-Testing Quantum Random Number Generator[J].Phys Rev Lett,2015,114:150501-5.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.150501.
[11]Yan Z H,Wu L,Jia X J,et al.Establishing and Storing of Deterministic Quantum Entanglement among Three Distant Atomic Ensembles[J].Nat Commun,2017,8:718-8.DOI:10.1038/s41467-017-00809-9.
[12]邓瑞婕,闫智辉,贾晓军.基于电磁诱导透明机制的压缩光场量子存储[J].物理学报,2017,66:074201-8.DOI:10.7498/aps.66.074201.
[13]Slusher R E,Hill Murray,Hollberg L W,et al.Observation of Squeezed States Generated by Four-Wave Mixing in an Optical Cavity[J].Phys Rev Lett,1985,55:2409-2412.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2409.
[14]Wu L A,Kimble H J,Hall J L,et al.Generation of Squeezed States by Parametric Down Conversion[J].Phys Rev Lett,1986,57:2520-2523.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.2520.
[15]Vahlbruch H,Mehmet M,Danzmann K,et al.Detection of 15dB Squeezed States of Light and Their Application for the Absolute Calibration of Photoelectric Quantum Efficiency[J].Phys Rev Lett,2016,117:110801-5.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.110801.
[16]Tian J F,Zuo G H,Zhang Y C,et al.Generation of Squeezed Vacuum on Cesium D2Line Down to Kilohertz Range[J].Chin Phys B,2017,26:124206-5.DOI:10.1088/1674-1056/26/12/124206.
[17]Ou Z Y,Pereira S F,Kimble H J,et al.Realization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox for Continuous Variables[J].Phys Rev Lett,1992,68:3663-3666.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3663.
[18]Zhou Y Y,Jia X J,Li F,et al.Experimental Generation of 8.4dB Entangled State with an Optical Cavity Involving a Wedged Type-ⅡNonlinear Crystal[J].Opt Express,2015,23:4952-4959.DOI:10.1364/OE.23.004952.
[19]Pysher M,Bahabad A,Peng P,et al.Quasi-phase-matched Concurrent Nonlinearities in Periodically Poled KTiOPO4for Quantum Computing Over the Optical Frequency Comb[J].Opt Lett,2010,35:565-567.DOI:10.1364/OL.35.000565.
[20]Chen J,Pearlman A J,Ling A,et al.A Versatile Waveguide Source of Photon Pairs for Chip-scale Quantum Information Processing[J].Opt Express,2009,17:6727-6740.DOI:10.1364/OE.17.006727.
[21]Lee H J,Kim H,Cha M,et al.Simultaneous Type-0and Type-ⅡSpontaneous Parametric Down-conversions in a Single Periodically Poled KTiOPO4Crystal[J].Appl Phys B,2012,108:585-589.DOI 10.1007/s00340-012-5088-4.
[22]Armstrong J A,Bloembergen N,Ducuing J,et al.Interactions Between Light Waves in a Nonlinear Dielectric[J].Phys Rev,1962,127:1918-1939.DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.127.1918.
[23]Fan T Y,Huang C E,Hu B Q,et al.Second Harmonic Generation and Accurate Index of Refraction Measurements in Flux-grown KTiOPO4[J].Appl Opt,1987,26:2390-2394.DOI:10.1364/AO.26.002390.
[24]Konig F,Wong F N C.Extended Phase Matching of Second-harmonic Generation in Periodically Poled KTiOPO4with Zero Group-velocity Mismatch[J].Appl Phys Lett,2004,84:1644-1646.DOI:10.1063/1.1668320.
[25]Fradkin K,Arie A,Skliar A,et al.Tunable Midinfrared Source by Difference Frequency Generation in Bulk Periodically Poled KTiOPO4[J].Appl Phys Lett,1999,74:914-916.DOI:10.1063/1.123408.
[26]Wiechmann W,Kubota S,Fukui T,et al.Refractive-index Temperature Derivatives of Potassium Titanyl Phosphate[J].Opt Lett,1993,18:1208-1210.DOI:10.1364/OL.18.001208.
[27]Vanherzeele H,Bierlein J D.Magnitude of the Nonlinear-optical Coefficients of KTiOPO4[J].Opt Lett,1992,17:982-984.DOI:10.1364/OL.17.000982.
[28]Benoit B,Jean-Philippe F,Yannick G.Thermo-optical Effect and Saturation of Nonlinear Absorption Induced by Gray Tracking in a532-nm-pumped KTP Optical Parametric Oscillator[J].Opt Lett,2000,25:484-486.DOI:10.1364/OL.25.000484.
[29]Anthon D W,Crowder C D.Wavelength Dependent Phase Matching in KTP[J].Applied Optics,1988,27:2650-2652.DOI:10.1364/AO.27.002650.
[30]Huo M R,Qin J L,Yan Z H,et al.Generation of Two Types of Nonclassical Optical States Using an Optical Parametric Oscillator with a PPKTP Crystal[J].Appl Phys Lett,2016,109:221101-5.DOI:10.1063/1.4968801.
[31]陈力荣,李淑静,徐忠孝,等.光学腔内两正交偏振模振幅和相位的补偿[J].量子光学学报,2017,23:92-98.DOI:10.3788/JQO20172301.0013.
[32]Zheng Y H,Wu Z Q,Huo M R,et al.Generation of a Continuous-wave Squeezed Vacuum State at 1.3μm by Employing a Homemade All-solid-state Laser as Pump Source[J].Chin Phys B,2013,22:094206-4.DOI:10.1088/1674-1056/22/9/094206.
[33]邬志强,周海军,王雅君,等.利用自制的单频激光器获得近通讯波段正交振幅压缩态光场[J].量子光学学报,2013,19:1-5.DOI:10.3788/ASQO20131901.0001.
[34]马亚云,冯晋霞,万振菊,等.连续变量1.34μm量子纠缠态光场的实验制备[J].物理学报,2017,66:244205-6.DOI:10.7498/aps.66.244205.