三焦生理特点及功能
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摘要
三焦最早出自《黄帝内经》,后经《难经》《金匮要略》等再度阐述。在现代科学研究体系下形成了以现代解剖学理论为基础的认识,认为三焦即淋巴、肠系膜和以离子通道理论为基础的认识,认为三焦是存在于所有脏器组织上的共有通道。在中医藏象理论体系下,对三焦基于整体化的多层次认识,不同层次的三焦有其对应的功能结构属性。三焦的临床应用上,现代学者的研究多以某类疾病的论治为切入点。针对肿瘤、代谢综合征提出了多脏器功能失调的认识,针对便秘、心衰、肾衰等提出了相对单一的证候认识。在整体观念下,三焦的功能分而为三,实为一体,其所呈现的就是整体动态化的人体机能。对于人体机能而言,现代研究则有越来越淡化整体动态性的研究趋势。三焦功能失常不应是一个独立分割的某部某脏某腑的功能性失常,而应是人体的系统性功能失常。因此,对于三焦的研究应立足宏观,以三焦一体化为视角,把握三焦的生理特点,深入探究三焦功能。
The sanjiao was first published in the Huangdi Neijing, later classics such as Nanjing and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber are elaborated again. Under the system of modern scientific research, the understanding based on modern anatomical theory has been formed, which holds that sanjiao is lymph and mesentery, and ion channel theory, which holds that sanjiao is common channels existing in all organs and tissues. Under the theoretical system of TCM viscera, the sanjiao is based on a multi-level understanding of the whole. Dif ferent levels of sanjiao have their corresponding functional and structural attributes. In the clinical application of sanjiao, the modern scholar's research mostly focuses on the treatment of certain diseases. In view of tumors and metabolic syndrome, this paper puts forward the understanding of multiple organ dysfunction, and in view of constipation, heart failure and kidney failure, it puts forward a relatively single syndrome recognition. Under the overall concept, the functions of the sanjiao is divided into three parts, which are integrated into one entity. What they present is the dynamic human body function as a whole. As far as human body function is concerned, modern research tends to weaken the overall dynamics more and more. Sanjiao should not be an independent functional disorder of a certain part of the viscera, but a systemic functional disorder of the human body. Therefore, the study of sanjiao should be based on macroscopical perspective,take the integration of sanjiao as the perspective, grasp the physiological characteristics of sanjiao, and explore the function of sanjiao in depth.
The sanjiao was first published in the Huangdi Neijing, later classics such as Nanjing and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber are elaborated again. Under the system of modern scientific research, the understanding based on modern anatomical theory has been formed, which holds that sanjiao is lymph and mesentery, and ion channel theory, which holds that sanjiao is common channels existing in all organs and tissues. Under the theoretical system of TCM viscera, the sanjiao is based on a multi-level understanding of the whole. Dif ferent levels of sanjiao have their corresponding functional and structural attributes. In the clinical application of sanjiao, the modern scholar's research mostly focuses on the treatment of certain diseases. In view of tumors and metabolic syndrome, this paper puts forward the understanding of multiple organ dysfunction, and in view of constipation, heart failure and kidney failure, it puts forward a relatively single syndrome recognition. Under the overall concept, the functions of the sanjiao is divided into three parts, which are integrated into one entity. What they present is the dynamic human body function as a whole. As far as human body function is concerned, modern research tends to weaken the overall dynamics more and more. Sanjiao should not be an independent functional disorder of a certain part of the viscera, but a systemic functional disorder of the human body. Therefore, the study of sanjiao should be based on macroscopical perspective,take the integration of sanjiao as the perspective, grasp the physiological characteristics of sanjiao, and explore the function of sanjiao in depth.
引文
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[2]周仙仕,姚红,唐光华,等.三焦功用再思考及与生物管道理论的联系[J].环球中医药, 2015, 8(10):1200-1204.
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[14]卞尧尧,周春祥.从“象”与“枢”探讨三焦[J].时珍国医国药, 2012, 23(12):3092-3093.
[15]王永洲.“大三焦”理论解读[J].中医药导报, 2016,22(10):1-5.
[16]王峰.对《内经》论述三焦的认识[J].中医药学报, 2010,38(3):140-142.
[17]郭蕾,齐冬梅.从功能性结构认识三焦[J].山东中医药大学学报, 1999, 23(4):15-17.
[18]钱会南.《难经》命元三焦之论发微及临床启示[J].云南中医学院学报, 2016, 39(3):35-37
[19]钟梁,呼永河,周龙甫,等.试论“湿入三焦络”[J].西南国防医药, 2012, 22(10):1146-1147.
[20]高明.运用三焦理论辨治癃闭的临床研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江中医药大学, 2013.
[21]刘春兰.《伤寒杂病论》小便不利源流考及其证治规律研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学, 2013.
[22]于建春,曹晓君,刘云鹤,等.近十年三焦理论研究概述[J].中医杂志, 2017, 58(19):1621-1623, 1628.
[23]宋清江,刘文英.从三焦论“通阳不在温,而在利小便”[J].中国中医基础医学杂志, 2015, 21(1):18.
[24]何伟.从三焦气化论肿瘤的中医病机[J].北京中医药大学学报, 2018, 41(4):274-278.
[25]潘良,梁翠梅,李媛媛,等.从三焦论述代谢综合征[J].中医学报, 2018, 33(5):809-812.
[26]杨祥坤,华新宇.慢性心力衰竭三焦壅塞痰瘀水停证的探讨[J].中医药学刊, 2006(11):2013-2014.
[27]王雀.从三焦理论论治慢性肾衰竭的临床研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江中医药大学, 2011.
[28]刁灿力.基于三焦气机研究抑郁症“气失升降则悲”的病理机制[D].成都:成都中医药大学, 2015.
[29]常立杰,胡珂.浅析从三焦论治便秘[J].江西中医药,2013, 44(4):12-13.
[2]周仙仕,姚红,唐光华,等.三焦功用再思考及与生物管道理论的联系[J].环球中医药, 2015, 8(10):1200-1204.
[3]涂凡,李国臣.三焦、命门与气化学说的构建探讨[J].世界中医药, 2009, 4(2):64-66.
[4]张晓文,宋清,徐志伟.从离子通道理论认识三焦的实质[J].陕西中医, 2006, 27(2):197-200.
[5]张天洪,钟森,彭勇.三焦实质再探[J].河南中医, 2012,32(2):137-139.
[6]刘贯华,闫东艳,张怀亮.张怀亮新型三焦辨治体系[J].中医学报, 2018, 33(8):1435-1439.
[7]王河宝.三焦生理功能论[J].江西中医学院学报, 2011,23(2):23-25.
[8]张丽瑛,蔡树河,李来泽.三焦运化水湿除痰消饮功能的探讨[J].中国中医药现代远程教育, 2013, 11(23):4-6.
[9]赵柯心,刘芳.中医三焦功能之我见[J].中医临床研究,2014, 6(22):37-38.
[10]王顺治.“中医通道理论”的隐喻认知研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学, 2016.
[11]韩景献.再论三焦及三焦气化[J].中医杂志, 2016, 57(23):2061-2063.
[12]王雪华.三焦气化与人体水液代谢关系的研究[D].天津:天津中医学院, 2005.
[13]罗本华,于建春,韩景献.论三焦气化为气的生化之源[J].浙江中医杂志, 2010, 45(1):1-3.
[14]卞尧尧,周春祥.从“象”与“枢”探讨三焦[J].时珍国医国药, 2012, 23(12):3092-3093.
[15]王永洲.“大三焦”理论解读[J].中医药导报, 2016,22(10):1-5.
[16]王峰.对《内经》论述三焦的认识[J].中医药学报, 2010,38(3):140-142.
[17]郭蕾,齐冬梅.从功能性结构认识三焦[J].山东中医药大学学报, 1999, 23(4):15-17.
[18]钱会南.《难经》命元三焦之论发微及临床启示[J].云南中医学院学报, 2016, 39(3):35-37
[19]钟梁,呼永河,周龙甫,等.试论“湿入三焦络”[J].西南国防医药, 2012, 22(10):1146-1147.
[20]高明.运用三焦理论辨治癃闭的临床研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江中医药大学, 2013.
[21]刘春兰.《伤寒杂病论》小便不利源流考及其证治规律研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学, 2013.
[22]于建春,曹晓君,刘云鹤,等.近十年三焦理论研究概述[J].中医杂志, 2017, 58(19):1621-1623, 1628.
[23]宋清江,刘文英.从三焦论“通阳不在温,而在利小便”[J].中国中医基础医学杂志, 2015, 21(1):18.
[24]何伟.从三焦气化论肿瘤的中医病机[J].北京中医药大学学报, 2018, 41(4):274-278.
[25]潘良,梁翠梅,李媛媛,等.从三焦论述代谢综合征[J].中医学报, 2018, 33(5):809-812.
[26]杨祥坤,华新宇.慢性心力衰竭三焦壅塞痰瘀水停证的探讨[J].中医药学刊, 2006(11):2013-2014.
[27]王雀.从三焦理论论治慢性肾衰竭的临床研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江中医药大学, 2011.
[28]刁灿力.基于三焦气机研究抑郁症“气失升降则悲”的病理机制[D].成都:成都中医药大学, 2015.
[29]常立杰,胡珂.浅析从三焦论治便秘[J].江西中医药,2013, 44(4):12-13.