乙酸钠作为碳源不同污泥源短程反硝化过程亚硝酸盐积累特性
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摘要
为探究乙酸钠作为碳源时,不同污泥源外源短程反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累特性,采用1号和2号SBR分别接种某污水处理厂二沉池和同步硝化反硝化除磷系统剩余污泥,通过合理控制初始硝酸盐浓度和缺氧时间,实现了短程反硝化的启动,并考察了其在不同初始COD和NO_3~--N浓度条件下的碳、氮去除特性.试验结果表明:以乙酸钠为碳源,1号和2号SBR可分别在21 d和20 d实现短程反硝化的成功启动,且其NO_2~--N积累量和亚硝酸盐积累率(NAR)均维持在较高水平,分别为12. 61 mg·L-1、79. 76%和13. 85 mg·L-1、87. 60%.当2号SBR初始NO_3~--N浓度为20 mg·L-1,且初始COD浓度由60mg·L-1升高至140 mg·L-1时,系统实现最高NO_2~--N积累时间可由160 min逐渐缩短至6 min,同时NO_3~--N比反硝化速率(以VSS计)由3. 84 mg·(g·h)-1增加至7. 35 mg·(g·h)-1,初始COD浓度的提高有利于实现短程反硝化过程NO_2~--N积累. 2号SBR初始COD浓度为100 mg·L-1,当初始NO_3~--N浓度由20 mg·L-1增加至30 mg·L-1时,系统NAR均维持在90%以上,最高可达100%(NO_3~--N初始浓度为25 mg·L-1);当初始NO_3~--N浓度≥35 mg·L-1时,系统COD不足导致NO_3~--N不能被完全还原为NO_2~--N.此外,在不同初始COD浓度(80、100、120 mg·L-1)和NO_3~--N浓度(20、25、30、40 mg·L-1)条件下,2号SBR的脱氮除碳和短程反硝化性能均优于1号SBR.
In order to explore the characteristics of nitrite accumulation during the operational period of partial denitrification in different sludge sources using sodium acetate as a carbon source,No. 1 SBR and No. 2 SBR were used to inoculate with surplus sludge taken separately from a secondary sedimentation tank of a sewage treatment plant and simultaneous nitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal system. By reasonably controlling the initial nitrate concentration and anoxic time,partial denitrification was realized. The carbon and nitrogen removal characteristics under different initial COD and NO_3~--N concentrations were investigated. The results showed that,using sodium acetate as the carbon source,the partial denitrification process in No. 1 SBR and No. 2 SBR sludge successfully began in 21 d and 20 d,respectively. The accumulation of NO_2~--N and nitrite accumulation rate( NAR) in reactors were maintained at high levels( 12. 61 mg·L-1,79. 76% and 13. 85 mg·L-1,87. 60%,respectively). When the initial NO_3~--N concentration of No. 2 SBR was 20 mg·L-1 and the initial COD concentration increased from 60 mg·L-1 to 140 mg·L-1,the operation time for achieving the highest NO_2~--N accumulation in the system was shortened from 160 min to 6 min. The NO_3~--N ratio of the denitrification rate( in VSS) increased from 3. 84 mg·( g·h)-1 to 7. 35 mg·( g·h)-1. Increased initial COD concentration was beneficial to the accumulation of NO_2~--N during partial denitrification. When the initial COD concentration of No. 2 SBR was 100 mg·L-1 and the initial NO_3~--N concentration increased from 20 mg·L-1 to 30 mg·L-1,NAR was maintained above 90% and up to100%( the initial NO_3~--N concentration was 25 mg·L-1). When the initial NO_3~--N concentration was ≥35 mg·L-1,insufficient COD caused NO_3~--N to be completely reduced to NO_2~--N. Under different initial COD concentrations( 80,100,or 120 mg·L-1) and different initial NO_3~--N concentrations( 20,25,30,or 40 mg·L-1),the nitrogen and carbon removal and partial denitrification performance of the No. 2 SBR was better than that of No. 1 SBR.
In order to explore the characteristics of nitrite accumulation during the operational period of partial denitrification in different sludge sources using sodium acetate as a carbon source,No. 1 SBR and No. 2 SBR were used to inoculate with surplus sludge taken separately from a secondary sedimentation tank of a sewage treatment plant and simultaneous nitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal system. By reasonably controlling the initial nitrate concentration and anoxic time,partial denitrification was realized. The carbon and nitrogen removal characteristics under different initial COD and NO_3~--N concentrations were investigated. The results showed that,using sodium acetate as the carbon source,the partial denitrification process in No. 1 SBR and No. 2 SBR sludge successfully began in 21 d and 20 d,respectively. The accumulation of NO_2~--N and nitrite accumulation rate( NAR) in reactors were maintained at high levels( 12. 61 mg·L-1,79. 76% and 13. 85 mg·L-1,87. 60%,respectively). When the initial NO_3~--N concentration of No. 2 SBR was 20 mg·L-1 and the initial COD concentration increased from 60 mg·L-1 to 140 mg·L-1,the operation time for achieving the highest NO_2~--N accumulation in the system was shortened from 160 min to 6 min. The NO_3~--N ratio of the denitrification rate( in VSS) increased from 3. 84 mg·( g·h)-1 to 7. 35 mg·( g·h)-1. Increased initial COD concentration was beneficial to the accumulation of NO_2~--N during partial denitrification. When the initial COD concentration of No. 2 SBR was 100 mg·L-1 and the initial NO_3~--N concentration increased from 20 mg·L-1 to 30 mg·L-1,NAR was maintained above 90% and up to100%( the initial NO_3~--N concentration was 25 mg·L-1). When the initial NO_3~--N concentration was ≥35 mg·L-1,insufficient COD caused NO_3~--N to be completely reduced to NO_2~--N. Under different initial COD concentrations( 80,100,or 120 mg·L-1) and different initial NO_3~--N concentrations( 20,25,30,or 40 mg·L-1),the nitrogen and carbon removal and partial denitrification performance of the No. 2 SBR was better than that of No. 1 SBR.
引文
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[19] Du R,Peng Y Z,Cao S B,et al. Advanced nitrogen removal from wastewater by combining anammox with partial denitrification[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,179:497-504.
[20]巩有奎,王淑莹,王莎莎,等.碳氮比对短程反硝化过程中N2O产生的影响[J].化工学报,2011,62(7):2049-2054.Gong Y K,Wang S Y,Wang S S,et al. Effect of C/N ratio on N2O accumulation and reduction during nitrite denitrification process[J]. CIESC Journal,2011,62(7):2049-2054.
[21]汪传新,马斌,委燕,等.内源反硝化过程中N2O的产生特征[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(8):1253-1258.Wang C X,Ma B,Wei Y,et al. Nitrous oxide production characteristic during endogenous denitrification[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(8):1253-1258.
[22]王淑莹,操沈彬,杜睿,等.污泥发酵液为碳源的反硝化过程亚硝酸盐积累[J].北京工业大学学报,2014,40(5):743-750.Wang S Y,Cao S B,Du R,et al. Nitrite accumulation during the denitrification process with sludge fermentation liquid as carbon source[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2014,40(5):743-750.
[23]许松瑜.双泥折流板反硝化除磷工艺硝化菌的FISH检测研究[D].苏州:苏州科技学院,2011.Xu S Y. Investigation on the FISH detection of the nitrifying bacteria in two-sludge baffled reactor[D]. Suzhou:Suzhou University of Science and Technology,2011.
[24]方茜,张朝升,张立秋,等.同时硝化/反硝化除磷工艺稳定性控制研究[J].给水排水,2014,40(11):132-135.
[25] Du R,Peng Y Z,Cao S B,et al. Characteristic of nitrous oxide production in partial denitrification process with high nitrite accumulation[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,203:341-347.
[26] Wang S Y, Gao D W, Peng Y Z, et al. Nitrificationdenitrification via nitrite for nitrogen removal from high nitrogen soybean wastewater with on-line fuzzy control[J]. Water Science&Technology,2004,49(5-6):121-127.
[27] Zhang Y M,Wang X C,Cheng Z,et al. Effect of fermentation liquid from food waste as a carbon source for enhancing denitrification in wastewater treatment[J]. Chemosphere,2016,144:689-696.
[28]袁怡,黄勇,邓慧萍,等. C/N比对反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累的影响分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1416-1420.Yuan Y,Huang Y,Deng H P,et al. Effect of C/N ratio on nitrite accumulation during denitrification process[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1416-1420.
[29] Hamlin H J,Michaels J T,Beaulaton C M,et al. Comparing denitrification rates and carbon sources in commercial scale upflow denitrification biological filters in aquaculture[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2008,38(2):79-92.
[2] Du R,Peng Y Z,Cao S B,et al. Mechanisms and microbial structure of partial denitrification with high nitrite accumulation[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(4):2011-2021.
[3]盛韩微,曹相生.反硝化生物滤池亚硝酸盐积累特性的研究[J].工业安全与环保,2015,41(12):56-58.Sheng H W,Cao X S. Research on nitrite accumulation in denitrification biofilter[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2015,41(12):56-58.
[4] Waki M,Yasuda T,Fukumoto Y,et al. Effect of electron donors on anammox coupling with nitrate reduction for removing nitrogen from nitrate and ammonium[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,130:592-598.
[5] Gong L X, Huo M X, Yang Q, et al. Performance of heterotrophic partial denitrification under feast-famine condition of electron donor:a case study using acetate as external carbon source[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,133:263-269.
[6] Kalyuzhnyi S,Gladchenko M,Mulder A,et al. DEAMOX—new biological nitrogen removal process based on anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupled to sulphide-driven conversion of nitrate into nitrite[J]. Water Research,2006,40(19):3637-3645.
[7] Cao S B,Peng Y Z,Du R,et al. Feasibility of enhancing the denitrifying ammonium oxidation(DEAMOX)process for nitrogen removal by seeding partial denitrification sludge[J].Chemosphere,2016,148:403-407.
[8]牛萌,王淑莹,杜睿,等.甲醇为碳源短程反硝化亚硝酸盐积累特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3301-3308.Niu M,Wang S Y,Du R,et al. Nitrite accumulation properties of partial denitrification with methanolas carbon source[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(9):3301-3308.
[9] Cao S B,Li B K,Du R,et al. Nitrite production in a partial denitrifying upflow sludge bed(USB)reactor equipped with gas automatic circulation(GAC)[J]. Water Research,2015,90:309-316.
[10] Du R, Cao S B, Li B K, et al. Simultaneous domestic wastewater and nitrate sewage treatment by denitrifying ammonium oxidation(DEAMOX)in sequencing batch reactor[J]. Chemosphere,2017,174:399-407.
[11] Du R,Cao S B,Wang S Y,et al. Performance of partial denitrification(PD)-ANAMMOX process in simultaneously treating nitrate and low C/N domestic wastewater at low temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,219:420-429.
[12] Cao S B,Du R,Niu M,et al. Integrated anaerobic ammonium oxidization with partial denitrification process for advanced nitrogen removal from high-strength wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,221:37-46.
[13] Ge S J,Peng Y Z,Wang S Y,et al. Nitrite accumulation under constant temperature in anoxic denitrification process:The effects of carbon sources and COD/NO3-N[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,114:137-143.
[14] Krishna Mohan T V,Nancharaiah Y V,Venugopalan V P,et al.Effect of C/N ratio on denitrification of high-strength nitrate wastewater in anoxic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors[J]. Ecological Engineering,2016,91:441-448.
[15] Yang Q,Peng Y Z,Liu X H,et al. Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal wastewater at low temperatures using real-time control to optimize nitrifying communities[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(23):8159-8164.
[16]鲍方博.反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化脱氮研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.
[17]马勇,彭永臻,王淑莹.不同外碳源对污泥反硝化特性的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2009,35(6):820-824.Ma Y, Peng Y Z, Wang S Y. Sludge denitrification characteristics with different external carbon source[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2009,35(6):820-824.
[18] Cao S B,Du R,Li B K,et al. Nitrite production from partialdenitrification process fed with low carbon/nitrogen(C/N)domestic wastewater:performance, kinetics and microbial community[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,326:1186-1196.
[19] Du R,Peng Y Z,Cao S B,et al. Advanced nitrogen removal from wastewater by combining anammox with partial denitrification[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,179:497-504.
[20]巩有奎,王淑莹,王莎莎,等.碳氮比对短程反硝化过程中N2O产生的影响[J].化工学报,2011,62(7):2049-2054.Gong Y K,Wang S Y,Wang S S,et al. Effect of C/N ratio on N2O accumulation and reduction during nitrite denitrification process[J]. CIESC Journal,2011,62(7):2049-2054.
[21]汪传新,马斌,委燕,等.内源反硝化过程中N2O的产生特征[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(8):1253-1258.Wang C X,Ma B,Wei Y,et al. Nitrous oxide production characteristic during endogenous denitrification[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(8):1253-1258.
[22]王淑莹,操沈彬,杜睿,等.污泥发酵液为碳源的反硝化过程亚硝酸盐积累[J].北京工业大学学报,2014,40(5):743-750.Wang S Y,Cao S B,Du R,et al. Nitrite accumulation during the denitrification process with sludge fermentation liquid as carbon source[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2014,40(5):743-750.
[23]许松瑜.双泥折流板反硝化除磷工艺硝化菌的FISH检测研究[D].苏州:苏州科技学院,2011.Xu S Y. Investigation on the FISH detection of the nitrifying bacteria in two-sludge baffled reactor[D]. Suzhou:Suzhou University of Science and Technology,2011.
[24]方茜,张朝升,张立秋,等.同时硝化/反硝化除磷工艺稳定性控制研究[J].给水排水,2014,40(11):132-135.
[25] Du R,Peng Y Z,Cao S B,et al. Characteristic of nitrous oxide production in partial denitrification process with high nitrite accumulation[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,203:341-347.
[26] Wang S Y, Gao D W, Peng Y Z, et al. Nitrificationdenitrification via nitrite for nitrogen removal from high nitrogen soybean wastewater with on-line fuzzy control[J]. Water Science&Technology,2004,49(5-6):121-127.
[27] Zhang Y M,Wang X C,Cheng Z,et al. Effect of fermentation liquid from food waste as a carbon source for enhancing denitrification in wastewater treatment[J]. Chemosphere,2016,144:689-696.
[28]袁怡,黄勇,邓慧萍,等. C/N比对反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累的影响分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1416-1420.Yuan Y,Huang Y,Deng H P,et al. Effect of C/N ratio on nitrite accumulation during denitrification process[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1416-1420.
[29] Hamlin H J,Michaels J T,Beaulaton C M,et al. Comparing denitrification rates and carbon sources in commercial scale upflow denitrification biological filters in aquaculture[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2008,38(2):79-92.